磁流变阻尼器的力学特性及其在火炮反后坐中的应用研究
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摘要
磁流变阻尼器作为一种新型智能化阻尼装置,它已被广泛用于振动控制领域,并且已经获得了成功。本文以两不同结构的阻尼器为研究对象,并对此进行了相关的研究工作。具体包括以下四方面：
1、对所研究的阻尼器内部的磁路和流场分别进行有限元分析。通过ANSYS软件首先对磁路进行分析,得到不同励磁电流下阻尼间隙中的磁通密度分布图,经过统计分析获得阻尼间隙中的磁感应强度值随励磁电流的变化曲线趋势图。然后根据磁路分析结果再对流场进行分析,获得不同屈服应力下流场内部的压差值,分析了阻尼力的可控性和速度的可控区域。
2、根据流体力学知识,推导阻尼器的准静态模型,并设计拉伸试验,通过试验数据对准静态模型中的参数进行辨识。被辨识的目标函数为不连续函数,本文采用遗传算法和直接搜索方法相结合的方法进行优化分析,并对辨识后的准静态模型进行分析,获得了阻尼器的力学特性。
3、对火炮磁流变反后坐装置进行理论分析,主要完成火炮的后坐过程仿真。仿真过程中阻尼器的力学模型考虑了磁流变液的流动惯性,为偏微分方程,本文采用有限差分法进行求解。仿真结果表明了考虑流动惯性力的必要性,并发现通过控制电流值的大小,可以达到控制后坐阻尼力的峰值、后坐位移和后坐速度的目的。
4、设计冲击试验,测试了阻尼器在冲击力作用下的可控性。
最后,对全文进行了总结,介绍了全文的特色和创新之处,并指出今后工作有待深入研究的问题。
As a new type of intelligent damper device, magneto-rheological(MR) damper has been increasingly widely used in various of vibration suppressions and did well. This dissertation bases on the MR damper and mainly includes the followings.
1. Based on the finite element method, the magnetic circuit and the flow field of MR Mechanism were studied. Firstly through the ANSYS software to analysis the magnetic circuit and obtained the curve of the flux density in the gap with the current. Then, the flow field with different yield stress was studied and obtain the pressure difference. Lastly, studied the controllability of damping force and speed of the controlled area.
2. Using the theory of hydrodynamic, a quasi-static model was established. Then, tensile test on the MR damper was investigated. The results of the test was used for the recognization of the quasi-static model. In this dissertation, the model was recognized by genetic algorithms for the strongly non-linear reason. The recognized model reflects the mechanical characteristics of the MR damper.
3. Study the effect of Gun Anti-Recoil Mechanism equipped with MR damper. The artillery recoil process was simulated numerically.In this Process, the flow inertia of the MR fluid was considered and the fluid dynamics equation of the MR damper was solved by the finite difference method. The simulation results shown that it's necessary to consider the flow inertia in high speed impact field and through controlling current, we can get the purpose to controll the recoil displacement and the Peak Value of the recoil resistance and speed.
4. In order to investigate the controllability of the MR damper on the condition of impact, a impact test was done.
Finally the work of this dissertation was concluded. The innoviations and contribution of this work were introduced. And also, the potential issues of this research were pointed out.
1、对所研究的阻尼器内部的磁路和流场分别进行有限元分析。通过ANSYS软件首先对磁路进行分析,得到不同励磁电流下阻尼间隙中的磁通密度分布图,经过统计分析获得阻尼间隙中的磁感应强度值随励磁电流的变化曲线趋势图。然后根据磁路分析结果再对流场进行分析,获得不同屈服应力下流场内部的压差值,分析了阻尼力的可控性和速度的可控区域。
2、根据流体力学知识,推导阻尼器的准静态模型,并设计拉伸试验,通过试验数据对准静态模型中的参数进行辨识。被辨识的目标函数为不连续函数,本文采用遗传算法和直接搜索方法相结合的方法进行优化分析,并对辨识后的准静态模型进行分析,获得了阻尼器的力学特性。
3、对火炮磁流变反后坐装置进行理论分析,主要完成火炮的后坐过程仿真。仿真过程中阻尼器的力学模型考虑了磁流变液的流动惯性,为偏微分方程,本文采用有限差分法进行求解。仿真结果表明了考虑流动惯性力的必要性,并发现通过控制电流值的大小,可以达到控制后坐阻尼力的峰值、后坐位移和后坐速度的目的。
4、设计冲击试验,测试了阻尼器在冲击力作用下的可控性。
最后,对全文进行了总结,介绍了全文的特色和创新之处,并指出今后工作有待深入研究的问题。
As a new type of intelligent damper device, magneto-rheological(MR) damper has been increasingly widely used in various of vibration suppressions and did well. This dissertation bases on the MR damper and mainly includes the followings.
1. Based on the finite element method, the magnetic circuit and the flow field of MR Mechanism were studied. Firstly through the ANSYS software to analysis the magnetic circuit and obtained the curve of the flux density in the gap with the current. Then, the flow field with different yield stress was studied and obtain the pressure difference. Lastly, studied the controllability of damping force and speed of the controlled area.
2. Using the theory of hydrodynamic, a quasi-static model was established. Then, tensile test on the MR damper was investigated. The results of the test was used for the recognization of the quasi-static model. In this dissertation, the model was recognized by genetic algorithms for the strongly non-linear reason. The recognized model reflects the mechanical characteristics of the MR damper.
3. Study the effect of Gun Anti-Recoil Mechanism equipped with MR damper. The artillery recoil process was simulated numerically.In this Process, the flow inertia of the MR fluid was considered and the fluid dynamics equation of the MR damper was solved by the finite difference method. The simulation results shown that it's necessary to consider the flow inertia in high speed impact field and through controlling current, we can get the purpose to controll the recoil displacement and the Peak Value of the recoil resistance and speed.
4. In order to investigate the controllability of the MR damper on the condition of impact, a impact test was done.
Finally the work of this dissertation was concluded. The innoviations and contribution of this work were introduced. And also, the potential issues of this research were pointed out.
引文
[1]高树滋,陈运生,郑建国.火炮反后坐装置设计[M].北京：兵器工业出版社
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[3]James C. Poynor. Innovative Designs for Magneto-Rheological Dampers. Thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science In Mechanical Engineering, 2001
[4]王鸿云,郑惠强,李泳群.磁流变液的研究与应用[J].机械设计.2008,25(5)：1-5
[5]邹明松.磁流变阻尼器流体力学分析及动力学仿真[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[6]S. J. Mcmanus, K. A. St. Clair, P. E. Boileau, J. Boutin, and S. Rakheja. Evaluation of Vibration and Shock Attenuation Performance of a Suspension Seat with a Semi-Active Magneto-Rheological Fluid Damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2002(253):313-327.
[7]张红辉等.磁流变阻尼器技术及其在军用装备系统中的应用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2006,29(4)：65—68
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[2]Ahmadian M edhdi, Poynor C. An evaluation of magnetorheological dampers for controlling gun recoil dynamic[J]. Shock and Vibration,2001,31(8):147-155
[3]James C. Poynor. Innovative Designs for Magneto-Rheological Dampers. Thesis submitted to the faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science In Mechanical Engineering, 2001
[4]王鸿云,郑惠强,李泳群.磁流变液的研究与应用[J].机械设计.2008,25(5)：1-5
[5]邹明松.磁流变阻尼器流体力学分析及动力学仿真[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[6]S. J. Mcmanus, K. A. St. Clair, P. E. Boileau, J. Boutin, and S. Rakheja. Evaluation of Vibration and Shock Attenuation Performance of a Suspension Seat with a Semi-Active Magneto-Rheological Fluid Damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration.2002(253):313-327.
[7]张红辉等.磁流变阻尼器技术及其在军用装备系统中的应用[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2006,29(4)：65—68
[8]Lou W J, Ni Y Q, Ko J M. Model Damping and Stepping-switch Control of Stay Cables with Magneto- rheological Fluid Dampers[A]. Smart Structures and Marterial:Smart System for Bridges, Structures and Highways[C], Proceedings of SPIE.2001,4300
[9]Ni Y Q, Y E Duan, et al. Damping Identification of MR-damped Brige Cables from In-situ Monitoring under Wind-rain-excited Condition[A]. Proceedings of SPIE. The International Society for Optical Engineering[C].2002,4696
[10]欧进萍.结构振动控制—主动、半主动和智能控制[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[11]Anirban Chaudhuri, Norman M. Wereley, R. Radhakrishnan. Genetig algorithms for rheological parameter estimation of magnetorheological fluids[C]. Proc. SPIE Vol.5761 (2005).164-174
[12]Fernando D. Goncalves, Mehdi Ahmadian. A Study on MR Fluids Subjected to High Shear Rates and High Vilocities. Smart Structure and Marterials 2005:Damping and Isolation. SPIE Vol.5760(2005)
[13]James ANorris, Mehdi Ahmadian. Behavior of Magneto-rheological Fluids Subjected to Impact and Shock Loading. IMECE'03
[14]Goncalves F. D, Ahmadian M. Behavior of MR fluids at high velocities and high shear rates. In:Lu Kunquan, Shen Rong and Liu Jixing. Proc. Of the Ninth International Conference-Electrorheological fluids and magnetorheological suspentions. Singapore:World Science,2005,412-418
[15]Ahmadian M, Appleton R. J, Norris J. A. An analytical study of battery using magnetorheological dampers[J]. J Shock and Vibration,2002,9(1):129-142
[16]Ahmadian M, Appleton R. J, Norris J. A. Designing magnetorheological dampers in a fire out of battery recoil system. IEEE Transcations on Magnetics.2003(39):21-25
[17]Karakas E. S, Gordanninejad F, Evrensel C. Control of a quarter HMMWV suspension system using a magnetorheological fluid damper. In:Kon-well Wang. Proceedings of SPIE. 2004,204-213
[18]Umit Dogrue, Gordanninejad F, Evrensel C. A magnetorheological fluid damper for high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle(HMMWV)[C]. Proc of SPIE. Bellingham: SPIE,2004,195-203
[19]Umit Dogrue, Gordanninejad F, Evrensel C. A new magnetorheological fluid damper for high-mobility multi-purpose wheeled vehicle(HMMWV)[C]. Proc of SPIE. Bellingham: SPIE,2003,198-206
[20]Marathe S, Gandhi F, Wang K W. In:Regelbrugge M E ed. Proc of SPIE, Vol.3329. Washton:PIE,1998,390-401
[21]Kamath G M, Werely N, Jolly M R. In:Regelbrugge M E ed. Proc of SPIE.1998 (3329), 356-377
[22]李延成,王炅,钱林方.磁流变技术及其在军事领域中的潜在应用[J].弹道学报.2006,18(3)：68-83
[23]李延成,王炅,钱林方.基础激励作用下磁流变减振系统的非线性特性[J].功能材料.2006,37(6)：986-988
[24]龚曙光.ANSYS基础应用及范例分析[M].机械工业出版社
[25]李景湧.有限元法[M].北京邮电大学出版社
[26]孙宁等.基于ANSYS的磁流变阻尼器设计技术研究[J].机械制造,2006,22(2)：15-16.
[27]张红辉等.磁流变阻尼器的磁路设计及磁饱和有限元分析[J].功能材料与器件学报,2004,10(4)：493-497.
[28]孙明礼,胡仁喜,崔海蓉等.电磁学有限元分析实例指导教程[M].机械工业出版社
[29]邢海军,杨绍普,郭树起等.一种磁流变阻尼器动态阻尼力模型[J].冲击和振动,2010,29(7)：106-112.
[30]刘朝晖,李德建.磁流变阻尼器的Bingham模型及Simulink仿真分析[J].科技信息, 2008,(17)：27-32
[31]许洋,党沙沙,胡仁喜等.流场分析实例指导教程[M].机械工业出版社
[32]赵成章.磁流变阻尼器建模方法研究[D].南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2006
[33]侯保林,赵成章.基于Herschel-Bulkley模型的火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器设计与分析[J].振动与冲击,2006,(03)：6-11
[34]侯保林,赵成章.基于Herschel-Bulkley模型的火炮磁流变后坐阻尼器设计[J].弹道学报,2006,18(2)：44-49
[35]侯保林,MEHDI Ahmadian.冲击载荷作用下磁流变阻尼器的建模和分析[J].机械工程学报,2006,42(4)：173-178
[36]张莉洁,王炅,钱林方.冲击载荷下磁流变阻尼器动态特性分析及模型参数辨识[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(1)：211-217
[37]GONCALVES Fernando D,MEHDI Ahmadian. A study on MR fluids subjected to high shear rates and high velocityies.Proceeding of SPIE,2005,5760:46-56
[38]Lee Dug-Yong, Wereley N M. Analysis of electro-and magneto-rheological flow mode dampers using Herschel-Bulkley model[J].Proceeding of SPIE of Smart Structure and Materials.2000, (3989):244-255
[39]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法一理论、应用与软件实现.西安交通大学出版社,2000：56-58
[40]刘鹏.基于改进遗传算法的MR阻尼器模型参数识别.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[41]周晓宏等.基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器模型参数识别[J].功能材料.2006,6(37)：1016～1017
[42]禹见达,陈政清,王修勇等.基于遗传算法的磁流变阻尼器模型参数识别[J].地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(1)：135～138
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