基于CASA模型的浙江省植被净初级生产力估算
摘要
植被净初级生产力的作为表征陆地植被动态变化质量的重要指标，在陆地生态系统碳平衡的调节中起着极其重要的作用。近年来伴随着城市化的进程，全球气候的恶化，人类也开始了对生态环境质量的关注。浙江省作为中国经济最为发达的省份之一，对改善区域生态环境的也投入了更多的关注。1999年开始在全省21个江河源头县市以及重点林区县市建设生态公益林试点。因此，本文利用CASA模型对浙江省2001年和2010年的陆地植净初级生产力进行估算，旨在进一步了解浙江省的区域植被资源质量，为浙江省生态建设提供数据支持以及参考建议。
文章采用2001年和2010年的地面气象资料，利用多元回归和Co-Kriging插值法，对气象资料进行了插值，结合MODIS影像数据NDVI，在地理信息系统等技术的支持下，对浙江省近十年来的净初级生产力进行了估算，并利用植被覆盖数据和浙江省行政边界图对估算结果分别进行了统计分析。主要结论如下：
（1）浙江省陆地植被NPP空间分异明显，总体上呈现出随着海拔的增高而逐渐增大的分布趋势，2001年及2010年浙江省植被净生产力总量分别约为5.262×10~7tC和4.895×10~7tC，平均值分别约为518.423g C/m~2和482.192g C/m~2，全省NPP总体上呈现出轻微下降，但基本上保持了相对稳定的态势；全省NPP季相变化明显，从3月份开始增长，并在7月份达到最高值，NPP均值分别约为116.578gC/m~2和75.517gC/m~2。
（2）不同土地覆被类型NPP季相变化趋势相似，但NPP大小差异显著，NPP年平均值大小依次为森林（574.481gC/m~2）＞草地（435.728gC/m~2）＞农田（434.529gC/m~2）＞水域（223.254gC/m~2）＞近海湿地（183.803gC/m~2）＞裸岩（171.033gC/m~2）＞建设用地（157.825gC/m~2）；森林和耕地NPP年总量均占全省年总量的90%以上，城镇用地、水域以及其它用地类型面NPP年总量约占全省年总量的10%以下。
（3）各县市建设用地NPP均值差异不大，集中分布在中低和中高值区；森林NPP均值差异较大，并集中在高值区；各县市NPP总平均值集中在中高值区；各县市不同土地覆被类型的NPP均值分布总体表现为：浙东北及沿海发展较快的县市NPP较低，浙西南、西北山岭地区的NPP均值较高，同时少数沿海等城市发展较快县市NPP也较高。
（4）各县市的建设用地NPP总量大小主要受建设用地面积的影响；各县市森林NPP总量则受其森林面积和NPP均值的共同影响；各县市NPP总体总量的分布则是受不同土地利用方式的综合影响的结果，其中森林NPP总量起着主导作用，而一些建设用地面积大的城市在其县市NPP总量上也起着非常重要的作用。
As an important quality indicator of the characterization of terrestrial vegetation dynamic changes，vegetation net primary productivity plays a significant role in the regulation of carbon balance ofterrestrial ecosystems. In recent years， along with the urbanization and the deterioration of the globalclimate，people began to concern on the quality of the ecological environment. Zhejiang，as one of themost economically developed provinces in China， has also put more attention to improve the regionalecological environment. In1999， they began the construction of ecological public welfare forest pilotin21counties in which are the sources of rivers and the major forest areas. In this paper， we estimatesthe net primary productivity of terrestial vegetation in Zhejiang Province of2001and2010based on theCASA model， in order to learn more about the quality of regional vegetation resources in ZhejiangProvince， and provide data support and reference proposal for the ecological construction of ZhejiangProvince.
By using the multiple regression and Co-Kriging interpolation method， together with themeteorological data and the MODIS Image Data NDVI， an NPP simulation was performed forZhejiang Province in2001and2010， with results further analyzed by Geographic Information System(GIS)-based software. The main conclusions are as follows：
(1) The terrestrial vegetation NPP showed a spatial heterogeneity which lying down within therelief over the study area， the total NPP in2001and2010were about65.262×10~7tC and4.895×10~7tC， and the average annual NPP were about518.423gC/m~2and482.192gC/m~2， NPP ofthe whole province showed a slight decrease， but basically maintained in a relatively stable situation；The NPP also showed a apparently seasonal changes which began increasing fast at Mar. and peaked inJul.， and the highest values of NPP in July were about116.578gC/m~2and75.517gC/m~2.
(2) NPP of different land use type turned out a similar seasonal change， but the values weredifferent significantly， which taken a order of the forest (574.481gC/m~2)> grasslands (435.728gC/m~2)>farmland (434.529gC/m~2)> waters (223.254gC/m~2)> coastal wetlands (183.803gC/m~2)> bare rock(171.033gC/m~2)> construction land (157.825gC/m~2)； forests and arable land accountted for more than90percent of total NPP the whlole in the procince while less than10percent which was accounted forthe urban land， waters and other land use types.(3) The average value of NPP from different counties and cities of the construction land shows a slightly differences， and were concentrated in themoderately low and the moderately high value area； the average value of NPP of the forest were quitedifferent which concentrated in the high value areas； the average NPP of each city and each countywere both concentrated in high value area； the average of NPP in each counties and cities of differentland use types was distributed generally as follows： NPP was lower in northeast and coastal area ofZhejiang where the economic developed quikly， and was higher in southwest and northwest mountainareas of Zhejiang， while a small number of coastal urban development counties NPP is also higher.
(4) The value of the total NPP in each counties and cities of the construction land is mainlyaffected by the construction area； the forest NPP total value is combined effected by the area and theNPP average value； and the NPP total value distribution of each counties and cities was a results of thecombined effects of different land use patterns while the forest total NPP plays a dominant role. Theconstruction also played a very important role in its NPP total value of some cities in which theconstruction land area is large
文章采用2001年和2010年的地面气象资料，利用多元回归和Co-Kriging插值法，对气象资料进行了插值，结合MODIS影像数据NDVI，在地理信息系统等技术的支持下，对浙江省近十年来的净初级生产力进行了估算，并利用植被覆盖数据和浙江省行政边界图对估算结果分别进行了统计分析。主要结论如下：
（1）浙江省陆地植被NPP空间分异明显，总体上呈现出随着海拔的增高而逐渐增大的分布趋势，2001年及2010年浙江省植被净生产力总量分别约为5.262×10~7tC和4.895×10~7tC，平均值分别约为518.423g C/m~2和482.192g C/m~2，全省NPP总体上呈现出轻微下降，但基本上保持了相对稳定的态势；全省NPP季相变化明显，从3月份开始增长，并在7月份达到最高值，NPP均值分别约为116.578gC/m~2和75.517gC/m~2。
（2）不同土地覆被类型NPP季相变化趋势相似，但NPP大小差异显著，NPP年平均值大小依次为森林（574.481gC/m~2）＞草地（435.728gC/m~2）＞农田（434.529gC/m~2）＞水域（223.254gC/m~2）＞近海湿地（183.803gC/m~2）＞裸岩（171.033gC/m~2）＞建设用地（157.825gC/m~2）；森林和耕地NPP年总量均占全省年总量的90%以上，城镇用地、水域以及其它用地类型面NPP年总量约占全省年总量的10%以下。
（3）各县市建设用地NPP均值差异不大，集中分布在中低和中高值区；森林NPP均值差异较大，并集中在高值区；各县市NPP总平均值集中在中高值区；各县市不同土地覆被类型的NPP均值分布总体表现为：浙东北及沿海发展较快的县市NPP较低，浙西南、西北山岭地区的NPP均值较高，同时少数沿海等城市发展较快县市NPP也较高。
（4）各县市的建设用地NPP总量大小主要受建设用地面积的影响；各县市森林NPP总量则受其森林面积和NPP均值的共同影响；各县市NPP总体总量的分布则是受不同土地利用方式的综合影响的结果，其中森林NPP总量起着主导作用，而一些建设用地面积大的城市在其县市NPP总量上也起着非常重要的作用。
As an important quality indicator of the characterization of terrestrial vegetation dynamic changes，vegetation net primary productivity plays a significant role in the regulation of carbon balance ofterrestrial ecosystems. In recent years， along with the urbanization and the deterioration of the globalclimate，people began to concern on the quality of the ecological environment. Zhejiang，as one of themost economically developed provinces in China， has also put more attention to improve the regionalecological environment. In1999， they began the construction of ecological public welfare forest pilotin21counties in which are the sources of rivers and the major forest areas. In this paper， we estimatesthe net primary productivity of terrestial vegetation in Zhejiang Province of2001and2010based on theCASA model， in order to learn more about the quality of regional vegetation resources in ZhejiangProvince， and provide data support and reference proposal for the ecological construction of ZhejiangProvince.
By using the multiple regression and Co-Kriging interpolation method， together with themeteorological data and the MODIS Image Data NDVI， an NPP simulation was performed forZhejiang Province in2001and2010， with results further analyzed by Geographic Information System(GIS)-based software. The main conclusions are as follows：
(1) The terrestrial vegetation NPP showed a spatial heterogeneity which lying down within therelief over the study area， the total NPP in2001and2010were about65.262×10~7tC and4.895×10~7tC， and the average annual NPP were about518.423gC/m~2and482.192gC/m~2， NPP ofthe whole province showed a slight decrease， but basically maintained in a relatively stable situation；The NPP also showed a apparently seasonal changes which began increasing fast at Mar. and peaked inJul.， and the highest values of NPP in July were about116.578gC/m~2and75.517gC/m~2.
(2) NPP of different land use type turned out a similar seasonal change， but the values weredifferent significantly， which taken a order of the forest (574.481gC/m~2)> grasslands (435.728gC/m~2)>farmland (434.529gC/m~2)> waters (223.254gC/m~2)> coastal wetlands (183.803gC/m~2)> bare rock(171.033gC/m~2)> construction land (157.825gC/m~2)； forests and arable land accountted for more than90percent of total NPP the whlole in the procince while less than10percent which was accounted forthe urban land， waters and other land use types.(3) The average value of NPP from different counties and cities of the construction land shows a slightly differences， and were concentrated in themoderately low and the moderately high value area； the average value of NPP of the forest were quitedifferent which concentrated in the high value areas； the average NPP of each city and each countywere both concentrated in high value area； the average of NPP in each counties and cities of differentland use types was distributed generally as follows： NPP was lower in northeast and coastal area ofZhejiang where the economic developed quikly， and was higher in southwest and northwest mountainareas of Zhejiang， while a small number of coastal urban development counties NPP is also higher.
(4) The value of the total NPP in each counties and cities of the construction land is mainlyaffected by the construction area； the forest NPP total value is combined effected by the area and theNPP average value； and the NPP total value distribution of each counties and cities was a results of thecombined effects of different land use patterns while the forest total NPP plays a dominant role. Theconstruction also played a very important role in its NPP total value of some cities in which theconstruction land area is large
引文
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