井下作业提升系统受力分析与安全评定
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摘要
据现场统计，井架和地锚桩是井下作业提升系统安全生产中的两个薄弱环节。对井架进行受力分析评价，工程上常用的方法是现场测试井架应力、位移、及结构动态特性，以测试数据为基础，按线形外推的方法确定井架的承载力。这种方法只能对有限的危险部位进行布置测点，而且试验载荷也大大低于设计载荷，因此很难取得全面、合理的评价结果。另一方面对地锚桩的受力分析评价，现场仅凭经验控制地锚桩承受的最大拉力，具有相当大的盲目性，因此生产事故时有发生。
本文提出一套基于模型修正理论的井架结构分析方法用于井架的受力分析评价。将井架结构分析与测试分析相结合，从而真实的反映各种载荷作用下井架任意部位的力学性能，科学全面的对井架进行安全评价。井架结构分析是采用Algor FEAS软件，建立井架的计算机数值模型，分析得到位移、应力、模态、稳定型等力学参数与井架承载能力之间的关系；测试分析以DASP软件为测试分析平台，采用16通道实时并行大容量井架动态信号采集分析系统，对现场井架进行动态测试；在这两部分研究的基础上，提出了以井架初始缺陷等效处理方法修正数值模型的评定理论，以实测数据修正井架计算机理想数值模型，使之逼近于井架真实结构，然后通过计算机载荷模拟试验确定其承载力，根据剩余承载能力极限状态评定理论对井架进行综合评定。
本文首次对井下作业提升系统中的地锚桩的极限抗拔载荷进行了测试研究。用瞬态激振的办法，采用变时基方法测出地锚桩的导纳曲线，进而研究地锚桩的抗拔拉力。采用DASP软件和INV303／306型智能信号采集处理分析系统对不同种类的地锚桩的抗拔拉力进行测试，为现场作业提供了参考资料。
By statistic, the derrick and peg are the two weak parts in the safe work of downhole operation hoist system. The most frequently employed method in engineering is to determine the load resisting capacity of derrick by the method of the linearity extrapolation from the measured data about stress, displacement and dynamic characteristic arrived from tests for derrick in oil field. But because the measured points can only be set at the limited danger positions of derrick at loading test and the tested load is greatly lower than the design load, it is difficult to get the comprehensive and logical evaluation result. In the past people only blindly evaluate the ground anchor peg by the former experience without any scientific method, so that there are quite a few accidents happened in fieldwork.
Combining structure and measure analysis for derrick, this thesis put forward an evaluation method based on the model modification theory, which was capable of truly reflecting the mechanical performance of any part under different load and then carrying out the safety evaluation for derrick scientifically. In the structure analysis for derrick, firstly Algor FEAS was developed. The author established the computer numerical model to analyze the relation of the load resisting capacity of derrick and the mechanical parameters about displacement, stress, mode and stability, hi the measure analysis for derrick, based on the DASP analysis platform, mass parallel real-time Acquisition Analysis System having 16 channels was developed for dynamic signal of derrick, which was capable of satisfying the demand of dynamic measure for derricks in oilfield. According the two researches above, the author presented an evaluation theory of numerical model modification by processing initial defects equivalently. The computer numerical model of the ideal derrick structure was modified on basis of the measured data, so as to approach to the real structure of derrick in use, and then through computer loading simulation test, the load resisting capacity of the derrick was determined. Then the derricks were evaluated comprehensively by the remaining resistance state evaluation theory.
Using instantaneous impulsion and the method of frequency conversion to get the conductance curve of ground anchor peg, this thesis firstly expressed the measure research on ground anchor peg of downhole operation hoist system. By using the signal collection equipment INV303/306 to get the information and calculating out the transfer function with the software DASP, the author got the dynamic rigidity and the resistive pull finally. The outcome can be used as reference data for the workers in oil field.
本文提出一套基于模型修正理论的井架结构分析方法用于井架的受力分析评价。将井架结构分析与测试分析相结合，从而真实的反映各种载荷作用下井架任意部位的力学性能，科学全面的对井架进行安全评价。井架结构分析是采用Algor FEAS软件，建立井架的计算机数值模型，分析得到位移、应力、模态、稳定型等力学参数与井架承载能力之间的关系；测试分析以DASP软件为测试分析平台，采用16通道实时并行大容量井架动态信号采集分析系统，对现场井架进行动态测试；在这两部分研究的基础上，提出了以井架初始缺陷等效处理方法修正数值模型的评定理论，以实测数据修正井架计算机理想数值模型，使之逼近于井架真实结构，然后通过计算机载荷模拟试验确定其承载力，根据剩余承载能力极限状态评定理论对井架进行综合评定。
本文首次对井下作业提升系统中的地锚桩的极限抗拔载荷进行了测试研究。用瞬态激振的办法，采用变时基方法测出地锚桩的导纳曲线，进而研究地锚桩的抗拔拉力。采用DASP软件和INV303／306型智能信号采集处理分析系统对不同种类的地锚桩的抗拔拉力进行测试，为现场作业提供了参考资料。
By statistic, the derrick and peg are the two weak parts in the safe work of downhole operation hoist system. The most frequently employed method in engineering is to determine the load resisting capacity of derrick by the method of the linearity extrapolation from the measured data about stress, displacement and dynamic characteristic arrived from tests for derrick in oil field. But because the measured points can only be set at the limited danger positions of derrick at loading test and the tested load is greatly lower than the design load, it is difficult to get the comprehensive and logical evaluation result. In the past people only blindly evaluate the ground anchor peg by the former experience without any scientific method, so that there are quite a few accidents happened in fieldwork.
Combining structure and measure analysis for derrick, this thesis put forward an evaluation method based on the model modification theory, which was capable of truly reflecting the mechanical performance of any part under different load and then carrying out the safety evaluation for derrick scientifically. In the structure analysis for derrick, firstly Algor FEAS was developed. The author established the computer numerical model to analyze the relation of the load resisting capacity of derrick and the mechanical parameters about displacement, stress, mode and stability, hi the measure analysis for derrick, based on the DASP analysis platform, mass parallel real-time Acquisition Analysis System having 16 channels was developed for dynamic signal of derrick, which was capable of satisfying the demand of dynamic measure for derricks in oilfield. According the two researches above, the author presented an evaluation theory of numerical model modification by processing initial defects equivalently. The computer numerical model of the ideal derrick structure was modified on basis of the measured data, so as to approach to the real structure of derrick in use, and then through computer loading simulation test, the load resisting capacity of the derrick was determined. Then the derricks were evaluated comprehensively by the remaining resistance state evaluation theory.
Using instantaneous impulsion and the method of frequency conversion to get the conductance curve of ground anchor peg, this thesis firstly expressed the measure research on ground anchor peg of downhole operation hoist system. By using the signal collection equipment INV303/306 to get the information and calculating out the transfer function with the software DASP, the author got the dynamic rigidity and the resistive pull finally. The outcome can be used as reference data for the workers in oil field.
引文
[1]．张爱林，田汝珉．考虑初始缺陷的服役井架承载力分析．石油矿场机械，1994，23(6)：9-12
[2]．于长武．石油钻井井架缺陷分析．[硕士学位论文]．安达：大庆石油学院，1997．6
[3]．API Spec 4E．钻井和修井井架规范．1974．3．第2版
[4]. Non-destructive Industrial Condition Test Process for Drilling Derricks. USSR 1716075-A1
[5]. Testing Loaded Derrick of Rotary Drilling. USSR 1698415
[6]．常玉连等．由单位荷载变形判定钻机井架的承载能力．石油机械．1995，23(2)：24-28
[7]．李学彤，周国强．在用7000m钻机井架可靠性评定．石油矿场机械．1992，21(6)：19-23
[8]．裴峻峰等．评估石油井架工作寿命及可靠性的新方法．石油机械．1997，25(5)：17-18，44
[9]．张爱林，王光远．服役塔型井架承载力的二级模糊综合评定．石油机械．1995，23(4)：31-35
[10]．李书等．一种利用静力试验数据修正有限元模型的方法．应用力学学报．1995，12(3)：52-56
[11]. M.Baruch. Optimal Correction of Mass and Stiffness Matrices using Measured Modes. AIAA J., 1982,20: 1623-1626
[12]．刘喜福。井下作业系统安全及事故预防措施分析，大庆采油四厂技术报告，1999
[13]．范祖尧，郁永熙．结构力学．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[14]. C. T. F. ROSS, B.Sc.(Hons), Ph.D.. Computational Methods in Structural and Continuum Mechanics. First published in 1982 by Ellis HORWOOD Limited
[15]．王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践．第一版．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1999．8
[16]．沈鹏程，苏甘龙．结构分析与绘图微电脑程序．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1989
[17]．李润方，王建军．结构分析程序SAP原理及其应用．第一版．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1992
[18]．钟万勰，丁殿明等．计算杆系结构力学．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1982
[19]．管迪华，模态分析技术。清华大学出版社，1996
[20]．江见鲸，贺小岗等．建筑结构分析程序．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21]．江见鲸，宋昆仑等．土木建筑计算程序选编．第一版．北京：地震出版社，1992
[22]. ALGOR,Inc.ALGOR DocuTech 2.00—WIN. USA:ALGOR Inc,1996
[23]. ALGOR FEAS(Super SAP91)软件用户手册
[24]．陈淮，王伟等．A型石油钻井井架结构分析．石油机械．1997，25(4)：1-3
[25]．郭奕珊，周国强．井架临界载荷与振动参数的关系．石油机械．1995，23(12)：18-21，26
[26]．韩国有等，石油机械参量测试技术，第一版，北京：石油工业出版社，1996，225-227
[27]．梁德沛．机械参量动态测试技术．第一版．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1987．134-135
[28]．DH3846动态应变仪使用说明，辽宁新华仪器厂，1999
[29]．吴正毅。测试技术与信号处理，清华大学出版社，1996
[30]．DASP大容量数据自动采集和信号处理系统使用说明，北京，东方振动研究所，2000
[31]．徐友矩，杜强．石油井架承载力的动态测评方法研究．第七届全国振动理论及其应用学术会议，广东佛山，1999．同济大学出版社，1999．12
[32]．应怀樵．现代振动与噪声技术．第一版．北京：航空工业出版社，1997
[33]．刘金梅。在用石油井架结构分析、测试及评定理论，[硕士学位论文]，大庆石油学院，2001
[34]．周国强，刘金梅．考虑初始缺陷的塔型井架结构分析．石油矿场机械．2000，29(5)：10-12
[35]．张嗣伟。井架总体稳定性的实用计算法。石油钻采机械通讯。1974(2)
[36]．[美)B．G．John Ston主编。金属结构稳定设计准则解说，北京：中国铁道出版社，1981
[37]．龙驭球主编．有限元法概论。北京：人民教育出版社，1978
[38]．有限元法及其应用，中国科学研究院技术研究所，1994
[39]．周国强，郭奕珊．考虑初始缺陷时井架的设计与验算．石油矿场机械．1990，19(4)：26-29
[40]．王惠德等。初始弯曲对塔型井架承载力的影响。石油机械，1987，15(4)
[41]．张爱林等．初始缺陷对塔型井架可靠度的影响．石油机械．1992，20(2)：26-31
[42]．周国强，郭奕珊．在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评定方法．石油机械．1998，26(11)：15-17
[43]. Huang Zhiqian ,Zhou Guoqiang. Evaluation of Remaining Resistance for Working Derrick by Reliability and Dynamic Parameter Identify Theory
[44]．周国强，郭奕珊．动力法取代静力法进行井架结构试验探讨．石油矿场机械．1999，28(1)：22-24
[45]. Charles Bimstiel and Jerome S B Iffiand. Factors influencing frame stability. Journal of the Structural Divition. ASCE, 1980, Vol. 106, No. ST2: 491-504
[46]．金毓荪。采油作业手册，石油工业出版社，1995
[47]．徐攸在。桩的动测新技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[48]．徐攸在。地基础测试新技术，中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[49]．刘志等。对有初始变形井架进行结构分析的一种简便方法，石油机械，2001，10
[2]．于长武．石油钻井井架缺陷分析．[硕士学位论文]．安达：大庆石油学院，1997．6
[3]．API Spec 4E．钻井和修井井架规范．1974．3．第2版
[4]. Non-destructive Industrial Condition Test Process for Drilling Derricks. USSR 1716075-A1
[5]. Testing Loaded Derrick of Rotary Drilling. USSR 1698415
[6]．常玉连等．由单位荷载变形判定钻机井架的承载能力．石油机械．1995，23(2)：24-28
[7]．李学彤，周国强．在用7000m钻机井架可靠性评定．石油矿场机械．1992，21(6)：19-23
[8]．裴峻峰等．评估石油井架工作寿命及可靠性的新方法．石油机械．1997，25(5)：17-18，44
[9]．张爱林，王光远．服役塔型井架承载力的二级模糊综合评定．石油机械．1995，23(4)：31-35
[10]．李书等．一种利用静力试验数据修正有限元模型的方法．应用力学学报．1995，12(3)：52-56
[11]. M.Baruch. Optimal Correction of Mass and Stiffness Matrices using Measured Modes. AIAA J., 1982,20: 1623-1626
[12]．刘喜福。井下作业系统安全及事故预防措施分析，大庆采油四厂技术报告，1999
[13]．范祖尧，郁永熙．结构力学．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1980
[14]. C. T. F. ROSS, B.Sc.(Hons), Ph.D.. Computational Methods in Structural and Continuum Mechanics. First published in 1982 by Ellis HORWOOD Limited
[15]．王国强．实用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践．第一版．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1999．8
[16]．沈鹏程，苏甘龙．结构分析与绘图微电脑程序．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1989
[17]．李润方，王建军．结构分析程序SAP原理及其应用．第一版．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1992
[18]．钟万勰，丁殿明等．计算杆系结构力学．第一版．北京：水利电力出版社，1982
[19]．管迪华，模态分析技术。清华大学出版社，1996
[20]．江见鲸，贺小岗等．建筑结构分析程序．第一版．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21]．江见鲸，宋昆仑等．土木建筑计算程序选编．第一版．北京：地震出版社，1992
[22]. ALGOR,Inc.ALGOR DocuTech 2.00—WIN. USA:ALGOR Inc,1996
[23]. ALGOR FEAS(Super SAP91)软件用户手册
[24]．陈淮，王伟等．A型石油钻井井架结构分析．石油机械．1997，25(4)：1-3
[25]．郭奕珊，周国强．井架临界载荷与振动参数的关系．石油机械．1995，23(12)：18-21，26
[26]．韩国有等，石油机械参量测试技术，第一版，北京：石油工业出版社，1996，225-227
[27]．梁德沛．机械参量动态测试技术．第一版．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1987．134-135
[28]．DH3846动态应变仪使用说明，辽宁新华仪器厂，1999
[29]．吴正毅。测试技术与信号处理，清华大学出版社，1996
[30]．DASP大容量数据自动采集和信号处理系统使用说明，北京，东方振动研究所，2000
[31]．徐友矩，杜强．石油井架承载力的动态测评方法研究．第七届全国振动理论及其应用学术会议，广东佛山，1999．同济大学出版社，1999．12
[32]．应怀樵．现代振动与噪声技术．第一版．北京：航空工业出版社，1997
[33]．刘金梅。在用石油井架结构分析、测试及评定理论，[硕士学位论文]，大庆石油学院，2001
[34]．周国强，刘金梅．考虑初始缺陷的塔型井架结构分析．石油矿场机械．2000，29(5)：10-12
[35]．张嗣伟。井架总体稳定性的实用计算法。石油钻采机械通讯。1974(2)
[36]．[美)B．G．John Ston主编。金属结构稳定设计准则解说，北京：中国铁道出版社，1981
[37]．龙驭球主编．有限元法概论。北京：人民教育出版社，1978
[38]．有限元法及其应用，中国科学研究院技术研究所，1994
[39]．周国强，郭奕珊．考虑初始缺陷时井架的设计与验算．石油矿场机械．1990，19(4)：26-29
[40]．王惠德等。初始弯曲对塔型井架承载力的影响。石油机械，1987，15(4)
[41]．张爱林等．初始缺陷对塔型井架可靠度的影响．石油机械．1992，20(2)：26-31
[42]．周国强，郭奕珊．在用井架剩余承载能力极限状态评定方法．石油机械．1998，26(11)：15-17
[43]. Huang Zhiqian ,Zhou Guoqiang. Evaluation of Remaining Resistance for Working Derrick by Reliability and Dynamic Parameter Identify Theory
[44]．周国强，郭奕珊．动力法取代静力法进行井架结构试验探讨．石油矿场机械．1999，28(1)：22-24
[45]. Charles Bimstiel and Jerome S B Iffiand. Factors influencing frame stability. Journal of the Structural Divition. ASCE, 1980, Vol. 106, No. ST2: 491-504
[46]．金毓荪。采油作业手册，石油工业出版社，1995
[47]．徐攸在。桩的动测新技术，中国建筑工业出版社，1996
[48]．徐攸在。地基础测试新技术，中国建筑工业出版社，2000
[49]．刘志等。对有初始变形井架进行结构分析的一种简便方法，石油机械，2001，10