井下作业油管环空防溢控制的理论与应用研究
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摘要
环空防溢控制技术是解决带压起下井口控制的关键技术,也是目前国内外油田进行带压控制生产普遍使用的安全保障技术。防喷器是勘探开发高压油气田,实现带压起下井口控制,防止井喷事故发生和平衡压力钻井的关键钻井控井设备。在油田实际生产中,带压起下密封要求比较严格,而且原有的环空密封和内孔防溢控制技术已经不适应井口套压增高的生产现状,其关键部件、弹性密封元件——胶芯的特性研究对于解决带压密封技术难题,以及提高密封寿命、增强密封效果显得至关重要。
过油管防喷器是油水井作业过程带压起下的井口防喷设备,它主要依靠弹性密封元件的密封作用来实现带压起下井口的控制。为了对过油管防喷器进行深入研究,建立起与实际结构一致的物理模型和符合有限元计算的有限元模型,以此为手段对胶芯进行结构仿真计算,寻找油管整体通过胶芯时的变形和接触压力变化规律。
过油管防喷器在油管上下行程的密封过程中,密封胶芯承受着不同的控制压力作用,控制压力与密封压力的幅值变化,直接关系着胶芯密封质量和寿命,为探究胶芯疲劳破坏机理,需要获得系统控制压力对密封压力造成的影响与相互关系。
用疲劳寿命理论对密封胶芯进行了疲劳寿命研究,根据理论计算结果对胶芯进行结构尺寸优化,以增大密封管径范围和提高整体密封质量。在实验室试验装置和油田数十口油井做了过油管防喷器带压过接箍试验,试验说明过油管防喷器这一环空防溢控制技术简便、灵活,是聚驱作业的一种有效措施,同时提高了作业井施工的环保水平。
用有限元法对胶芯进行了计算和研究,计算结果为过油管防喷器胶芯寿命提高、成本节约和改型设计提供了理论指导,对油田现场生产具有很大的实际意义。
模糊可靠性优化方法属于拓宽优化设计应用范畴,它能建立一种既能保留系统的复杂性、模糊性,又能正确描述系统可靠性和真实状态的优化模型,克服了常规优化设计的不足。本文根据胶芯带压密封起下井下管柱的工作特点,考虑应力与强度的随机性与模糊性,建立密封胶芯模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型,采用最优化水平截集法完成求解,最终获得了符合要求的最优解。
Annular kick-control technology of through-tubing blowout preventer is a key way to realize wellhead pressure control while tripping in and out of tubing, which is also a safe-guarding technology prevalent in worldwide oil fields. A blowout preventer is the key equipment used to control wellhead pressure, avoid blowout accidents and realize balanced-pressure drilling. In oil fields’practice, it is strictly required to safely seal the annular while tripping in and out tubing. However, the old technologies of annular seal and kick-prevention can no longer meet the requirement of the status quo of increased casing pressure. The study on the rubber core, a key elastic component, is the key to solve the difficult problem of sealing under pressure, prolong the seal’s service life and improve the sealing effect.
Through-tubing Blowout Preventer, a blowout prevention equipment of wellhead, depends on the elastic rubber core to realize the pressure control in tubing operation. In order to deeply study through-tubing blowout preventers, in this paper, a physical model, which is based on its practical structure has been established and finite element method is used to perform simulation calculation. Rules of the deformation and contact pressure of the rubber core are found while the tubings are going through.
The rubber core of through-tubing blowout preventer is subject to varying control pressures in the course of the tripping in and out of tubing. The change of the values of control pressure and sealing pressure has a strong effect on the sealing quality and core’s life. In order to study the fatigue failure mechanism of rubber core, and the interaction and relationship between system pressure and contact pressure need to be known.
Based on fatigue life theory, calculation about the rubber core’s fatigue life has been performed. On the basis of the calculation results, the rubber core’s structure dimensions are optimized in order to increase the diameter scope of the sealed tubings and improve the integral sealing qualities. Using laboratory facilaties and based on the practical data of over ten oil wells, experiments of through-tubing-coupling blowout preventer are performed. The results show that the pressure control technology of the through-tubing blowout preventer is simple and flexible, and is an effective pressure control measure for polymer flooding. It can also improve the level of environment protection at the same time.
In this paper, finite element method has been used to calculate and study the rubber core which is made of composite material. The calculation results can give a good theoretical instruction to prolonging its service life, reducing cost and improving the design. It is also of practical significance to the production in oil fields.
Fuzzy reliability optimization method, a practical application of optimization design theory, can be used to establish an optimized model which can reflect the complexity and fuzziness of the system, correctly describe the reliability and practical condition of the system, and get rid of the shortcoming of conventional optimum design methods. In this paper, based on the specific characteristics of rubber core in operation, a mathematic model has been established by fuzzy reliability optimization method considering the randomness and fuzziness of its stress and strength; optimum solution has been obtained by using the optimizing level set approach.
过油管防喷器是油水井作业过程带压起下的井口防喷设备,它主要依靠弹性密封元件的密封作用来实现带压起下井口的控制。为了对过油管防喷器进行深入研究,建立起与实际结构一致的物理模型和符合有限元计算的有限元模型,以此为手段对胶芯进行结构仿真计算,寻找油管整体通过胶芯时的变形和接触压力变化规律。
过油管防喷器在油管上下行程的密封过程中,密封胶芯承受着不同的控制压力作用,控制压力与密封压力的幅值变化,直接关系着胶芯密封质量和寿命,为探究胶芯疲劳破坏机理,需要获得系统控制压力对密封压力造成的影响与相互关系。
用疲劳寿命理论对密封胶芯进行了疲劳寿命研究,根据理论计算结果对胶芯进行结构尺寸优化,以增大密封管径范围和提高整体密封质量。在实验室试验装置和油田数十口油井做了过油管防喷器带压过接箍试验,试验说明过油管防喷器这一环空防溢控制技术简便、灵活,是聚驱作业的一种有效措施,同时提高了作业井施工的环保水平。
用有限元法对胶芯进行了计算和研究,计算结果为过油管防喷器胶芯寿命提高、成本节约和改型设计提供了理论指导,对油田现场生产具有很大的实际意义。
模糊可靠性优化方法属于拓宽优化设计应用范畴,它能建立一种既能保留系统的复杂性、模糊性,又能正确描述系统可靠性和真实状态的优化模型,克服了常规优化设计的不足。本文根据胶芯带压密封起下井下管柱的工作特点,考虑应力与强度的随机性与模糊性,建立密封胶芯模糊可靠性优化设计的数学模型,采用最优化水平截集法完成求解,最终获得了符合要求的最优解。
Annular kick-control technology of through-tubing blowout preventer is a key way to realize wellhead pressure control while tripping in and out of tubing, which is also a safe-guarding technology prevalent in worldwide oil fields. A blowout preventer is the key equipment used to control wellhead pressure, avoid blowout accidents and realize balanced-pressure drilling. In oil fields’practice, it is strictly required to safely seal the annular while tripping in and out tubing. However, the old technologies of annular seal and kick-prevention can no longer meet the requirement of the status quo of increased casing pressure. The study on the rubber core, a key elastic component, is the key to solve the difficult problem of sealing under pressure, prolong the seal’s service life and improve the sealing effect.
Through-tubing Blowout Preventer, a blowout prevention equipment of wellhead, depends on the elastic rubber core to realize the pressure control in tubing operation. In order to deeply study through-tubing blowout preventers, in this paper, a physical model, which is based on its practical structure has been established and finite element method is used to perform simulation calculation. Rules of the deformation and contact pressure of the rubber core are found while the tubings are going through.
The rubber core of through-tubing blowout preventer is subject to varying control pressures in the course of the tripping in and out of tubing. The change of the values of control pressure and sealing pressure has a strong effect on the sealing quality and core’s life. In order to study the fatigue failure mechanism of rubber core, and the interaction and relationship between system pressure and contact pressure need to be known.
Based on fatigue life theory, calculation about the rubber core’s fatigue life has been performed. On the basis of the calculation results, the rubber core’s structure dimensions are optimized in order to increase the diameter scope of the sealed tubings and improve the integral sealing qualities. Using laboratory facilaties and based on the practical data of over ten oil wells, experiments of through-tubing-coupling blowout preventer are performed. The results show that the pressure control technology of the through-tubing blowout preventer is simple and flexible, and is an effective pressure control measure for polymer flooding. It can also improve the level of environment protection at the same time.
In this paper, finite element method has been used to calculate and study the rubber core which is made of composite material. The calculation results can give a good theoretical instruction to prolonging its service life, reducing cost and improving the design. It is also of practical significance to the production in oil fields.
Fuzzy reliability optimization method, a practical application of optimization design theory, can be used to establish an optimized model which can reflect the complexity and fuzziness of the system, correctly describe the reliability and practical condition of the system, and get rid of the shortcoming of conventional optimum design methods. In this paper, based on the specific characteristics of rubber core in operation, a mathematic model has been established by fuzzy reliability optimization method considering the randomness and fuzziness of its stress and strength; optimum solution has been obtained by using the optimizing level set approach.
引文
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