油田注水系统数学建模与控制理论研究
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摘要
论文建立了注水站、注水管网、配水间及注水井等注水系统基本单元的数学模型,在此基础上建立了注水系统数学模型。研究了以减小注水系统配注误差为目标的注水系统运行控制理论。根据多个注水站联网运行注水系统的压力分布特点,将注水系统划分为一系列子系统,建立了注水系统控制理论的数学模型并推导出该模型的解算公式,给出了子系统和系统求解过程的迭代步骤。研究了阀门节流控制、开泵台数控制、变频调速控制等注水泵站的控制技术,并分析了各技术的控制原理及适用条件。研究了离心注水泵串联和并联工作原理及不同型号离心泵并联的条件,分析了两泵串联运行时泵控泵技术的原理、节能效果及实现方法。应用建立的模型和求解方法,编制了注水系统计算软件,通过油田注水系统数据进行了验证,理论计算数据与实测数据相符,计算出的运行参数,能够满足注水系统运行与调配控制的要求。
A properly simplified mathematical model of the unit of the waterinjection system is established in this paper, including pump station model、pipe line net model and water allocating station model. On this basis, gives amethod of establishing the vector method of the system for reduce designinjection error rate. It is very difficult to directly study the whole waterinjection system, because it is a huge multi-source and multi-sink system.Analyzed the characters of pressure distribution, the system can be dividedinto a series of subsystems, then a iterative algorithm of large-scale systemtheory is employed to calculate the system, the paper gives iterativealgorithm of subsystem and system. Technologies of running control arestudied, such as valve restriction control、the opening amount of pumpcontrol and frequency control, analyzed the principle of control technologiesand applied conditions. The technology of pump controlled by pump wasanalyzed, including the principle of control, effectiveness of energyconservation and control methods. Effective control of the system candecrease energy consumption greatly. A software is programmed based onthe model and calculation method, verified the model and method adopt thedata of water injection system. Calculated the program of running pumps andoperational parameters in according with design injection rate, the parameterscan operate the running of system.
A properly simplified mathematical model of the unit of the waterinjection system is established in this paper, including pump station model、pipe line net model and water allocating station model. On this basis, gives amethod of establishing the vector method of the system for reduce designinjection error rate. It is very difficult to directly study the whole waterinjection system, because it is a huge multi-source and multi-sink system.Analyzed the characters of pressure distribution, the system can be dividedinto a series of subsystems, then a iterative algorithm of large-scale systemtheory is employed to calculate the system, the paper gives iterativealgorithm of subsystem and system. Technologies of running control arestudied, such as valve restriction control、the opening amount of pumpcontrol and frequency control, analyzed the principle of control technologiesand applied conditions. The technology of pump controlled by pump wasanalyzed, including the principle of control, effectiveness of energyconservation and control methods. Effective control of the system candecrease energy consumption greatly. A software is programmed based onthe model and calculation method, verified the model and method adopt thedata of water injection system. Calculated the program of running pumps andoperational parameters in according with design injection rate, the parameterscan operate the running of system.
引文
[1] Rw.Paige.Optimizing water injection performance.SPE29774,1995
[2] Ferreira Hetal.Simulation studies of water-flood performance withhorizontal.SPE35208,1996
[3] Schoeling L.G,Barnett G.B,Michnick M.J.Development of anImproved Waterflood Optimization Program in the Northeast SavonburgWaterflood.SPE35367,1996
[4] 冯恩民,阎桂峰,胡志荣等.注水井地层带温度场数值模拟及优化.石油学报,1996;17(1):96～102
[5] 田景文,高美娟.油田注水系统的节能控制.计算机自动测量与控制,1998;17(4):35～37
[6] 常玉连,高胜,郭俊忠.油田注水系统生产过程仿真软件 ISPPS.系统仿真学报,1999;11(6):450～453
[7] 刘扬,赵洪激.油气集输管网节点参数矩阵方法研究.石油规划设计,1999;10(60):30～31
[8] 朱益飞.胜利油田注水系统节能潜力分析.油田节能,2004;15(3):8～10
[9] 彭自学,刘谦谓,李晶等.提高注水系统效率的专家诊断系统.断块油气田,2001;8(1):50～54
[10] 白文雄,李志锋.提高油田注水系统效率的探讨.石油机械,1997;25(6):47～48,54
[11] 詹健东,陈雪艳,刘强鸿等.提高中原油田注水系统效率的措施探讨.江汉石油学院学报,1999;21(2):85～86
[12] 邱继英.油田注水管网的优化设计.油气田地面工程,2000;19(2):10～11
[13] 白文雄,李志锋.提高油田注水系统效率的探讨.石油机械,1997;25(6):47～48
[14] 丰国斌.对油田注水系统节能降耗的探讨.油气田地面工程,1996;15(1):17～19
[15] 郭福田,薛光辉,景志远.注水站的微机最优控制系统.油气田地面工程,2000;19(2):48～50
[16] 张群会.油田注水管网的计算机优化设计.西安石油学院学报,1995;10(2):22～24
[17] D.S.Joiner,C.E.Myers.Developing a 10billion barrel reservoir withmodern techniques.SPE3739,1972
[18] 詹建东、陈雪艳、刘强鸿等.提高中原油田注水系统效率的措施探讨.江汉石油学院学报,1996;21(2):85～86
[19] 刘铁男,苑向兵.注水系统建模和优化的理论方法.大庆石油学院学报,1995;19(4):59～62
[20] 陈森鑫,司光宇.大型注水系统的运行、计算和控制.大庆石油学院学报,1995;19(3):71～74
[21] 常玉连,高胜,郭俊忠.油田注水系统最优控制数学模型及系统设计.石油机械,2001;29(12):24～26
[22] 徐俊卿,钱静波,姜永林.注水站微机数据采集与控制系统.传感器技术,1997;16(6):40～42
[23] K.Sun,M.R.Konopzynski.Prediction of injection-fluid distribution formultiple zones-intelligent injection system.SPE103078-MS,2006
[24] Takashi shima.New overlapping coordination methodologies forLarge-scale optimization problems.Automatic,1991,27(5):877～881
[25] 胥惠娟,马丽芬,孙河生等.油田注水管道经济流速的确定.河南石油,2002;16(4):48～50
[26] 陈素丽,任福深,董峰.油田注水节能中心控制系统设计.石油矿场机械,2004;33(6):72～74
[27] 徐小力,张劲广,王信义.注水系统节能优化控制的研究.石油机械,1998;26(10):18～20
[28] Chen Miao-Xin,DuanYu-bo,Li cong-xin,et al.Modelling andoperation optimization and flow control of large scale water injectionsystems.SPE30861,1997
[29] 韩允祉,李明忠.大型注水系统注水站合理排量的确定方法.石油大学学报,2004;28(2):55～58
[30] 吴大军,陈照第.变频调速给水节能效果分析.节能技术,2000;18(2):13～15
[31] 王海文,王一平,冯明华等.高压变频技术在油田注水系统中的应用与节能分析.石油工程建设,2006;32(3):28～30
[32] 贾光政,常玉连,邹龙庆等.油田大型注水系统调速节能技术.大庆石油学院学报,2000;24(1):58～63
[33] 杨炳儒.图论概要.河北:天津科学技术出版社,1990
[34] 王朝瑞.图论.北京:高等教育出版社,1981
[35] B.θ.Bringedal,S.A.Morud,N.A.Hall.Online Water InjectionOptimization,prevention of reservoir damage.SPE102831-MS,2006
[36] 赵忠贤,张兆严.一种计算油田注水系统效率的方法.断块油气田,2001;7(4):35～38
[37] 徐小力,胡海,赵栋梁等.油田注水系统结构及优化分析.油气田地面工程,2001;20(6):19～20
[38] 孙卫,马全华,何娟等.注采控制系统组成及控制原理分析.西北大学学报(自然科学版),2000;30(3):251～254
[39] 万仁溥、罗英俊.采油技术手册(修订本)第二分册:注水技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[40] 中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准.SY/T5265-1996.油气田地面注水系统效率测试和单耗计算方法,1996
[2] Ferreira Hetal.Simulation studies of water-flood performance withhorizontal.SPE35208,1996
[3] Schoeling L.G,Barnett G.B,Michnick M.J.Development of anImproved Waterflood Optimization Program in the Northeast SavonburgWaterflood.SPE35367,1996
[4] 冯恩民,阎桂峰,胡志荣等.注水井地层带温度场数值模拟及优化.石油学报,1996;17(1):96～102
[5] 田景文,高美娟.油田注水系统的节能控制.计算机自动测量与控制,1998;17(4):35～37
[6] 常玉连,高胜,郭俊忠.油田注水系统生产过程仿真软件 ISPPS.系统仿真学报,1999;11(6):450～453
[7] 刘扬,赵洪激.油气集输管网节点参数矩阵方法研究.石油规划设计,1999;10(60):30～31
[8] 朱益飞.胜利油田注水系统节能潜力分析.油田节能,2004;15(3):8～10
[9] 彭自学,刘谦谓,李晶等.提高注水系统效率的专家诊断系统.断块油气田,2001;8(1):50～54
[10] 白文雄,李志锋.提高油田注水系统效率的探讨.石油机械,1997;25(6):47～48,54
[11] 詹健东,陈雪艳,刘强鸿等.提高中原油田注水系统效率的措施探讨.江汉石油学院学报,1999;21(2):85～86
[12] 邱继英.油田注水管网的优化设计.油气田地面工程,2000;19(2):10～11
[13] 白文雄,李志锋.提高油田注水系统效率的探讨.石油机械,1997;25(6):47～48
[14] 丰国斌.对油田注水系统节能降耗的探讨.油气田地面工程,1996;15(1):17～19
[15] 郭福田,薛光辉,景志远.注水站的微机最优控制系统.油气田地面工程,2000;19(2):48～50
[16] 张群会.油田注水管网的计算机优化设计.西安石油学院学报,1995;10(2):22～24
[17] D.S.Joiner,C.E.Myers.Developing a 10billion barrel reservoir withmodern techniques.SPE3739,1972
[18] 詹建东、陈雪艳、刘强鸿等.提高中原油田注水系统效率的措施探讨.江汉石油学院学报,1996;21(2):85～86
[19] 刘铁男,苑向兵.注水系统建模和优化的理论方法.大庆石油学院学报,1995;19(4):59～62
[20] 陈森鑫,司光宇.大型注水系统的运行、计算和控制.大庆石油学院学报,1995;19(3):71～74
[21] 常玉连,高胜,郭俊忠.油田注水系统最优控制数学模型及系统设计.石油机械,2001;29(12):24～26
[22] 徐俊卿,钱静波,姜永林.注水站微机数据采集与控制系统.传感器技术,1997;16(6):40～42
[23] K.Sun,M.R.Konopzynski.Prediction of injection-fluid distribution formultiple zones-intelligent injection system.SPE103078-MS,2006
[24] Takashi shima.New overlapping coordination methodologies forLarge-scale optimization problems.Automatic,1991,27(5):877～881
[25] 胥惠娟,马丽芬,孙河生等.油田注水管道经济流速的确定.河南石油,2002;16(4):48～50
[26] 陈素丽,任福深,董峰.油田注水节能中心控制系统设计.石油矿场机械,2004;33(6):72～74
[27] 徐小力,张劲广,王信义.注水系统节能优化控制的研究.石油机械,1998;26(10):18～20
[28] Chen Miao-Xin,DuanYu-bo,Li cong-xin,et al.Modelling andoperation optimization and flow control of large scale water injectionsystems.SPE30861,1997
[29] 韩允祉,李明忠.大型注水系统注水站合理排量的确定方法.石油大学学报,2004;28(2):55～58
[30] 吴大军,陈照第.变频调速给水节能效果分析.节能技术,2000;18(2):13～15
[31] 王海文,王一平,冯明华等.高压变频技术在油田注水系统中的应用与节能分析.石油工程建设,2006;32(3):28～30
[32] 贾光政,常玉连,邹龙庆等.油田大型注水系统调速节能技术.大庆石油学院学报,2000;24(1):58～63
[33] 杨炳儒.图论概要.河北:天津科学技术出版社,1990
[34] 王朝瑞.图论.北京:高等教育出版社,1981
[35] B.θ.Bringedal,S.A.Morud,N.A.Hall.Online Water InjectionOptimization,prevention of reservoir damage.SPE102831-MS,2006
[36] 赵忠贤,张兆严.一种计算油田注水系统效率的方法.断块油气田,2001;7(4):35～38
[37] 徐小力,胡海,赵栋梁等.油田注水系统结构及优化分析.油气田地面工程,2001;20(6):19～20
[38] 孙卫,马全华,何娟等.注采控制系统组成及控制原理分析.西北大学学报(自然科学版),2000;30(3):251～254
[39] 万仁溥、罗英俊.采油技术手册(修订本)第二分册:注水技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1992
[40] 中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准.SY/T5265-1996.油气田地面注水系统效率测试和单耗计算方法,1996