大跨度空间结构风场实测系统验证与应用
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摘要
近二十年来,我国在大跨度空间结构方面取得了迅猛发展,并兴建了大量具有代表性的工程结构。经过近几十年的研究,一些涉及到大跨度结构设计中的基本问题,如静力分析、稳定验算、施工模拟等,都已得到了较好的解决。而对于在设计中往往起控制作用的风荷载的研究一直进展缓慢,相对于其它结构类型,大跨度屋盖表面主要受流场的分离和再附着作用,风荷载成为大跨度屋盖结构破坏的主要原因。因此对大跨度屋盖结构风载特性进行研究具有重要的工程意义。
目前风工程研究的主要手段有风洞试验和数值模拟方法,但由于“缩尺效应”,风洞试验结果与结构在实际流场中受到的风荷载往往存在一定的差异,而数值风洞在精确模拟入口和出口边界条件方面还存在一定的难度。现场实测是最基础最直接的研究手段,可以有效验证和改进风洞试验和数值计算方法和结果,但由于费用高、布线难等问题,目前国内外关于全尺寸实测的研究相对较少,本课题组开发出了基于无线传感技术的风场实测系统,有望促进大跨度屋盖结构风场实测研究的进步。
首先详细介绍了课题组研发的基于无线传感技术的无线风场实测系统硬件和软件组成。接着,通过浙江大学ZD-1风洞试验室对风场实测系统进行了验证,内容主要包括均匀流和B类地貌流场作用下风速风向传感器和风压传感器测试结果与风洞试验对比,试验结果表明无线风场实测系统整体稳定性较好,传感器精度较高,满足实测要求。
最后将无线风场实测系统应用于浙江大学文体中心国家体育场“鸟巢”大跨度屋盖结构,对屋盖表面风速风向和风压进行实测,获得了大量数据。通过对两个大跨度屋盖结构上方风速风向实测数据的类比分析,对大跨度屋盖表面风场特性进行研究。通过实测风压数据,利用风压系数、相关性和功率谱等对大跨度屋盖结构风载特性进行了分析研究。
China has made rapid development in long-span structure and constructed a large number of representative structures in past decades. After decades of research, some basic problems involved in the design of long-span structures, such as static analysis, stability checking, construction simulation, have been solved in a good way. While the research progress of wind load which often plays a control role in the design was slowly. Compare with the traditional structure, the surface of long-span roof mainly affected by the separation and re-attachment of the flow, wind load is the main reason for long-span spatial structure damage. Therefore, the research of wind loading characteristics of long-span structure has important engineering significance.
Currently, wind tunnel test and numerical calculation are the main way to do wind engineering research, but there are some differences between wind tunnel test results and the actural wind load of thestructure because of the "scale effect", there is still some difficulty to simulate the inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the numerical calculation. The full-scale measurement is the most basic and direct methods, can effectively validate and improve the methods and results of wind tunnel test and numerical calculation, but because of the high cost and hard wiring, the research of full-scale measurement is few at home and abroad. the wind field measured system based on wireless sensor technology which was developed by our team group, is expected to promote the progress of wind field measured on long-span structures.
First, introduced the hardware and software of wireless wind field measurement system in details. Then, we checked the the wind field measurement system by the ZD-1 wind tunnel test in Zhejiang University, including the comparison between wind field measurement system and wind tunnel tests under the uniform flow and Class B geomorphology The results showed that the wireless wind field measured system is stable, and the sensors have a high to meet the measured requirements.
Finally, the wireless wind field measurement system has been used in long-span roof structure of Zhejiang University Sports Center and National Stadium,the wind speed and direction, pressure on the roof were measured, and obtained a large number of data. Through the analysis of windspeed and direction, and comparison with the National Stadium, we researched the characteristics of wind field on long-span roof structures. the wind characteristics of long-span structure were analyzed by the pressure data through pressure coefficients, correlation and power spectrum are.
目前风工程研究的主要手段有风洞试验和数值模拟方法,但由于“缩尺效应”,风洞试验结果与结构在实际流场中受到的风荷载往往存在一定的差异,而数值风洞在精确模拟入口和出口边界条件方面还存在一定的难度。现场实测是最基础最直接的研究手段,可以有效验证和改进风洞试验和数值计算方法和结果,但由于费用高、布线难等问题,目前国内外关于全尺寸实测的研究相对较少,本课题组开发出了基于无线传感技术的风场实测系统,有望促进大跨度屋盖结构风场实测研究的进步。
首先详细介绍了课题组研发的基于无线传感技术的无线风场实测系统硬件和软件组成。接着,通过浙江大学ZD-1风洞试验室对风场实测系统进行了验证,内容主要包括均匀流和B类地貌流场作用下风速风向传感器和风压传感器测试结果与风洞试验对比,试验结果表明无线风场实测系统整体稳定性较好,传感器精度较高,满足实测要求。
最后将无线风场实测系统应用于浙江大学文体中心国家体育场“鸟巢”大跨度屋盖结构,对屋盖表面风速风向和风压进行实测,获得了大量数据。通过对两个大跨度屋盖结构上方风速风向实测数据的类比分析,对大跨度屋盖表面风场特性进行研究。通过实测风压数据,利用风压系数、相关性和功率谱等对大跨度屋盖结构风载特性进行了分析研究。
China has made rapid development in long-span structure and constructed a large number of representative structures in past decades. After decades of research, some basic problems involved in the design of long-span structures, such as static analysis, stability checking, construction simulation, have been solved in a good way. While the research progress of wind load which often plays a control role in the design was slowly. Compare with the traditional structure, the surface of long-span roof mainly affected by the separation and re-attachment of the flow, wind load is the main reason for long-span spatial structure damage. Therefore, the research of wind loading characteristics of long-span structure has important engineering significance.
Currently, wind tunnel test and numerical calculation are the main way to do wind engineering research, but there are some differences between wind tunnel test results and the actural wind load of thestructure because of the "scale effect", there is still some difficulty to simulate the inlet and outlet boundary conditions for the numerical calculation. The full-scale measurement is the most basic and direct methods, can effectively validate and improve the methods and results of wind tunnel test and numerical calculation, but because of the high cost and hard wiring, the research of full-scale measurement is few at home and abroad. the wind field measured system based on wireless sensor technology which was developed by our team group, is expected to promote the progress of wind field measured on long-span structures.
First, introduced the hardware and software of wireless wind field measurement system in details. Then, we checked the the wind field measurement system by the ZD-1 wind tunnel test in Zhejiang University, including the comparison between wind field measurement system and wind tunnel tests under the uniform flow and Class B geomorphology The results showed that the wireless wind field measured system is stable, and the sensors have a high to meet the measured requirements.
Finally, the wireless wind field measurement system has been used in long-span roof structure of Zhejiang University Sports Center and National Stadium,the wind speed and direction, pressure on the roof were measured, and obtained a large number of data. Through the analysis of windspeed and direction, and comparison with the National Stadium, we researched the characteristics of wind field on long-span roof structures. the wind characteristics of long-span structure were analyzed by the pressure data through pressure coefficients, correlation and power spectrum are.
引文
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