风力发电机组的功率特性测试与研究
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摘要
由于世界范围内的能源紧张以及人们对生存环境的日益关注,风能作为一种清洁可再生能源越来越受到关注,同时我国出台了一系列相关政策大力支持风电产业的发展。中国的风电装机容量增长迅猛,导致其他一些与风电配套的措施暂时滞后。其中,国内缺乏风电机组功率特性检测的相关技术服务就是一个重要方面。
风电机组的功率特性是风电机组最重要的系统特性之一,是衡量整台机组经济技术水平的最佳指标。本文在认识风电机组的结构及工作运行原理等基础上,介绍了机组功率特性测试的相关理论知识。
通过研究分析IEC标准中使用的功率特性测试方法,提出利用风电机组的机舱尾部风速计进行测风,并提出两种风速修正方法：1.根据能量守恒修正风速；2.根据Cp曲线及采集的风轮转速数据修正风速。研究影响风电机组功率曲线的因素,对采集到的数据进行筛选、处理及折算,从而能够得到每一台风电机组的功率曲线。然后,在VC开发环境下编程,实现数据处理,得到修正后的风速数据并绘制出风电机组的功率曲线。
Wind energy is becoming increasingly popular renewable energy because of the worldwide energy crisis and people's awareness of environment. Meanwhile, Chinese government has issued a series of policies designed to support wind power industry development. Chinese growth in wind power capacity has been dramatic. But, its related supporting measures lag behind temporarily. One of those is lack of power performance testing for wind turbines.
The power performance is the most important factor in assessing the performance of a wind turbine and is the key index to evaluate the technical economy of a wind turbine. Based on the understanding of the wind turbine's structure and working principle, this paper introduces the knowledge of the wind turbine power performance testing.
The principle of power performance measurement standards has been studied that based on IEC. Then, a method is put forward that uses an anemometer located at the end of an aft cabin. And this paper proposes two methods for wind speed correction. First, wind speed can be corrected according to the law of conservation of energy. Secondly, wind speed can be corrected according to the Cp curve and the rotor-speed data of a wind wheel. This paper discusses the factors which affect the power performance of a wind turbine, and discusses methods of processing collected data. Based on the VC programming environment this paper is accomplished by C++ language. Then, this paper obtains the correct wind speed data and draws a wind turbine power curve.
风电机组的功率特性是风电机组最重要的系统特性之一,是衡量整台机组经济技术水平的最佳指标。本文在认识风电机组的结构及工作运行原理等基础上,介绍了机组功率特性测试的相关理论知识。
通过研究分析IEC标准中使用的功率特性测试方法,提出利用风电机组的机舱尾部风速计进行测风,并提出两种风速修正方法：1.根据能量守恒修正风速；2.根据Cp曲线及采集的风轮转速数据修正风速。研究影响风电机组功率曲线的因素,对采集到的数据进行筛选、处理及折算,从而能够得到每一台风电机组的功率曲线。然后,在VC开发环境下编程,实现数据处理,得到修正后的风速数据并绘制出风电机组的功率曲线。
Wind energy is becoming increasingly popular renewable energy because of the worldwide energy crisis and people's awareness of environment. Meanwhile, Chinese government has issued a series of policies designed to support wind power industry development. Chinese growth in wind power capacity has been dramatic. But, its related supporting measures lag behind temporarily. One of those is lack of power performance testing for wind turbines.
The power performance is the most important factor in assessing the performance of a wind turbine and is the key index to evaluate the technical economy of a wind turbine. Based on the understanding of the wind turbine's structure and working principle, this paper introduces the knowledge of the wind turbine power performance testing.
The principle of power performance measurement standards has been studied that based on IEC. Then, a method is put forward that uses an anemometer located at the end of an aft cabin. And this paper proposes two methods for wind speed correction. First, wind speed can be corrected according to the law of conservation of energy. Secondly, wind speed can be corrected according to the Cp curve and the rotor-speed data of a wind wheel. This paper discusses the factors which affect the power performance of a wind turbine, and discusses methods of processing collected data. Based on the VC programming environment this paper is accomplished by C++ language. Then, this paper obtains the correct wind speed data and draws a wind turbine power curve.
引文
[1]胡金华.“电荒”呼唤我国电力投资体制改革.中共福建省委党校学报.2004,3
[2]Andreas Peterson, Lennart Harnefors etc. Evaluation of Current Control Methods for Wind Turbine Using Doubly-Fed Induction Machines. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics.2005,1
[3]Haitao Guo, Simon Watson etc. Reliability Analysis for Wind Turbines with Incomplete Failure Data Collected From After the Date of Initial Installation. Reliability Engineering and System safety.2009(94)
[4]杨秀媛,肖洋等.风电场风速和发电功率预测研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11)
[5]蔡纯,张秋生.风力发电机组功率曲线的修正.广东电力.2003,2
[6]薛扬,秦世耀,李庆.重视开发风电机组检测技术.中国科技投资.2008,4
[7]周新波,秦树人.虚拟式风电机组功率特性测试仪的研发.中国测试.2009,7
[8]Troels Friis Pedersen, Soeren Gjerding etc. Wind turbine power performance verification in complex terrain and wind farms.Riso-R-1330(EN),2002
[9]李若昭.风电机组综合性能评估与运行特性分析.华北电力大学.2009,5
[10]JB/T 10194-2000风力发电机组风轮叶片.国家机械工业局.2000,4
[11]王生鹏.浅谈定桨距风力发电机组的特点.硅谷.2010,8
[12]LEITHEAD WE,CONNOR B. Control of variable speed wind turbines:design task.Int.J.Contr.2000,73(13):1189-1212
[13]关鹏.变桨距主动失速型风力发电机组.电子科学.2010年13期
[14]刘晓光.风力发电系统风力机输出特性的模拟与控制.青岛大学.2009,5
[15]武钢.主动失速型风力发电机功率优化和载荷控制策略研究.大连理工大学.2003,6
[16]潘文霞,陈允平.风力发电机的发展现状.中小型电机.2001,4
[17]陈忠斌,胡文华.电力电子技术在风力发电中的应用.电源技术应用.2006,12
[18]张秋生.风力发电机组功率曲线考核初探.风力发电.2004年第3期
[19]申新贺,潘东浩.大型风电机组功率曲线的分析与修正.应用能源技术.2009年第8期
[20]王承煦,张源.风力发电.北京：中国电力出版社.2002,50-52
[21]GB/T 18710-2002 风电场风能资源评估方法.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总 局.2002,4
[22]Morgan C A, Garrad A D. The Design of Optimum Rotors for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines. London:Garrad Hassan and Partners,1997.
[23]刘昊,柳亦兵.基于运行数据的风力发电机组功率特性分析.电网与清洁能源.2009,7
[24]R. Hofftnann. P. Mutschler(Memer IEEE).The Influence of Control Strategies on the Energy Capture of Wind Turbines.IEEE,2000
[25]Bogdan S. Borowy, Ziyad M. Salameh. Dynamic Response of a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion System with Battery Energy Storage to a Wind Gust. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.1997,3
[26]李庆.风电机组和风电场的功率特性及电能质量测试研究.中国电力科学研究院.2006,4
[27]刘昊.大型风电机组综合性能评估方法研究.华北电力大学.2009,2
[28]陈庆斌.风力发电机组和风电场的功率特性测试研究.重庆大学.2008,4
[29]Wind Turbines Generator Systems Part 12:Wind turbine Power Performance Testing, IEC61400-12,1998
[30]黎发贵,巫卿.浅谈风电场测风.水利发电.2008,7
[31]Wind Turbines Generator Systems Part 12-1:Power performance measurements of electricity Producing wind turbines,IEC61400-12-1,2005
[32]林明,薛慧娟.风力发电机组的功率控制设计.交通科技与经济.2010年第2期
[33]马平,刘昌华.风力发电机组功率曲线的验证.可再生能源.2008,12
[34]Ezzeldin S. Abdin,Wilson Xu. Control Design and Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Wind Turbine-Induction Generator Unit. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.2002,8
[35]张圣勤MATLAB 7.0实用教程.北京：机械工业出版社.2006
[36]陈桂明,戚红雨等MATLAB数理统计(6.x).北京：科学出版社,2002
[37]GB/T19960.1-2005风力发电机组第1部分：通用技术条件.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2005,12
[38]Andrew Tindal, Clint Johnson, etc. Site-specific adjustments to wind turbine power curves. Poster presentation at the AWEA WINDPOWER Conference. Houston. June,2008.
[39]GBT18710-2002风电场风能资源评估方法.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2002,4
[40]风电场风能资源测量和评估技术规定.国家发展改革委.2003,9
[41]GB/T13981-92风力机设计通用要求.国家技术监督局.1992,12
[42]JB/T 7323-94风力发电机组试验方法.中华人民共和国机械工业部.1994,7
[43]杜燕军,冯长青.风切变指数在风电场风资源评估中的应用.电网与清洁能源.2010,5
[44]张鹏举.风电场空气密度对风电机输出功率的影响.电力勘测.1999,3
[45]穆钢,郎斌斌等.风电机组联网运行风速-功率特性曲线的研究.吉林省电机工程学会.2008
[46]郎斌斌,叶静等.根据实测数据获取联网风电机组风速-功率特性曲线的研究.第十一届全国电工数学学术年会论文集.2007
[47]王岩,隋思涟等.数理统计与MATLAB工程数据分析.清华大学出版社.2004
[48]张牧.探讨Matlab与VC++联合编程.电脑知识与技术.2009,3
[49]Hartwig Dobeseh, Chen shenbin, Hung Viet Tran. The Wind Energy Potential in Jilin Provinee China. Journal of Natural Resourees.2005,20(5)
[50]杨永国,张冬明等Visual C++6.0实用教程(第2版).清华大学出版社.2007,9.81-100
[2]Andreas Peterson, Lennart Harnefors etc. Evaluation of Current Control Methods for Wind Turbine Using Doubly-Fed Induction Machines. IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics.2005,1
[3]Haitao Guo, Simon Watson etc. Reliability Analysis for Wind Turbines with Incomplete Failure Data Collected From After the Date of Initial Installation. Reliability Engineering and System safety.2009(94)
[4]杨秀媛,肖洋等.风电场风速和发电功率预测研究.中国电机工程学报,2005,25(11)
[5]蔡纯,张秋生.风力发电机组功率曲线的修正.广东电力.2003,2
[6]薛扬,秦世耀,李庆.重视开发风电机组检测技术.中国科技投资.2008,4
[7]周新波,秦树人.虚拟式风电机组功率特性测试仪的研发.中国测试.2009,7
[8]Troels Friis Pedersen, Soeren Gjerding etc. Wind turbine power performance verification in complex terrain and wind farms.Riso-R-1330(EN),2002
[9]李若昭.风电机组综合性能评估与运行特性分析.华北电力大学.2009,5
[10]JB/T 10194-2000风力发电机组风轮叶片.国家机械工业局.2000,4
[11]王生鹏.浅谈定桨距风力发电机组的特点.硅谷.2010,8
[12]LEITHEAD WE,CONNOR B. Control of variable speed wind turbines:design task.Int.J.Contr.2000,73(13):1189-1212
[13]关鹏.变桨距主动失速型风力发电机组.电子科学.2010年13期
[14]刘晓光.风力发电系统风力机输出特性的模拟与控制.青岛大学.2009,5
[15]武钢.主动失速型风力发电机功率优化和载荷控制策略研究.大连理工大学.2003,6
[16]潘文霞,陈允平.风力发电机的发展现状.中小型电机.2001,4
[17]陈忠斌,胡文华.电力电子技术在风力发电中的应用.电源技术应用.2006,12
[18]张秋生.风力发电机组功率曲线考核初探.风力发电.2004年第3期
[19]申新贺,潘东浩.大型风电机组功率曲线的分析与修正.应用能源技术.2009年第8期
[20]王承煦,张源.风力发电.北京：中国电力出版社.2002,50-52
[21]GB/T 18710-2002 风电场风能资源评估方法.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总 局.2002,4
[22]Morgan C A, Garrad A D. The Design of Optimum Rotors for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines. London:Garrad Hassan and Partners,1997.
[23]刘昊,柳亦兵.基于运行数据的风力发电机组功率特性分析.电网与清洁能源.2009,7
[24]R. Hofftnann. P. Mutschler(Memer IEEE).The Influence of Control Strategies on the Energy Capture of Wind Turbines.IEEE,2000
[25]Bogdan S. Borowy, Ziyad M. Salameh. Dynamic Response of a Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion System with Battery Energy Storage to a Wind Gust. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.1997,3
[26]李庆.风电机组和风电场的功率特性及电能质量测试研究.中国电力科学研究院.2006,4
[27]刘昊.大型风电机组综合性能评估方法研究.华北电力大学.2009,2
[28]陈庆斌.风力发电机组和风电场的功率特性测试研究.重庆大学.2008,4
[29]Wind Turbines Generator Systems Part 12:Wind turbine Power Performance Testing, IEC61400-12,1998
[30]黎发贵,巫卿.浅谈风电场测风.水利发电.2008,7
[31]Wind Turbines Generator Systems Part 12-1:Power performance measurements of electricity Producing wind turbines,IEC61400-12-1,2005
[32]林明,薛慧娟.风力发电机组的功率控制设计.交通科技与经济.2010年第2期
[33]马平,刘昌华.风力发电机组功率曲线的验证.可再生能源.2008,12
[34]Ezzeldin S. Abdin,Wilson Xu. Control Design and Dynamic Performance Analysis of a Wind Turbine-Induction Generator Unit. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.2002,8
[35]张圣勤MATLAB 7.0实用教程.北京：机械工业出版社.2006
[36]陈桂明,戚红雨等MATLAB数理统计(6.x).北京：科学出版社,2002
[37]GB/T19960.1-2005风力发电机组第1部分：通用技术条件.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2005,12
[38]Andrew Tindal, Clint Johnson, etc. Site-specific adjustments to wind turbine power curves. Poster presentation at the AWEA WINDPOWER Conference. Houston. June,2008.
[39]GBT18710-2002风电场风能资源评估方法.中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.2002,4
[40]风电场风能资源测量和评估技术规定.国家发展改革委.2003,9
[41]GB/T13981-92风力机设计通用要求.国家技术监督局.1992,12
[42]JB/T 7323-94风力发电机组试验方法.中华人民共和国机械工业部.1994,7
[43]杜燕军,冯长青.风切变指数在风电场风资源评估中的应用.电网与清洁能源.2010,5
[44]张鹏举.风电场空气密度对风电机输出功率的影响.电力勘测.1999,3
[45]穆钢,郎斌斌等.风电机组联网运行风速-功率特性曲线的研究.吉林省电机工程学会.2008
[46]郎斌斌,叶静等.根据实测数据获取联网风电机组风速-功率特性曲线的研究.第十一届全国电工数学学术年会论文集.2007
[47]王岩,隋思涟等.数理统计与MATLAB工程数据分析.清华大学出版社.2004
[48]张牧.探讨Matlab与VC++联合编程.电脑知识与技术.2009,3
[49]Hartwig Dobeseh, Chen shenbin, Hung Viet Tran. The Wind Energy Potential in Jilin Provinee China. Journal of Natural Resourees.2005,20(5)
[50]杨永国,张冬明等Visual C++6.0实用教程(第2版).清华大学出版社.2007,9.81-100