武警消防官兵职业压力与抑郁的关系：情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用
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摘要
抑郁是一种负性的情感体验，调查发现，军人中抑郁的比例有上升趋势，是非战斗减员的重要影响因素之一。然而，以往关于军人抑郁的研究主要针对海、陆、空军，针对武警官兵的较少，针对武警消防官兵的更少。武警消防官兵是社会救援的中坚力量，他们的抑郁状况不仅关系到个人的身心健康，而且还关系到广大被救援群众的生命财产安全，因此，探讨武警消防官兵抑郁状况及其影响因素具有重要意义。本研究选取武警消防官兵这一特殊军人群体为研究对象，以抑郁的素质-压力理论为基础，结合人口学因素从职业压力、情绪调节自我效能感角度探讨这些因素对抑郁的影响，以期为维护武警消防官兵心理健康提供一定的借鉴和依据。
本研究采用整群随机取样法，选取735名武警消防官兵作为研究对象，以抑郁症状自评量表(SDS)、军人职业压力量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表(RES)作为调查工具，运用AMOS4.0对情绪调节自我效能感量表中文版进行验证性因素分析，运用SPSS17.0对职业压力、情绪调节自我效能感和抑郁在人口统计学变量上的差异和三者之间的关系进行了分析和探讨，综合本研究的结果，得出以下结论:
1.武警消防官兵抑郁得分在是否独生、文化程度上存在差异；职业压力及各因子在是否独生、军龄、年龄、婚姻状况上存在差异，；情绪调节自我效能感及各因子在是否独生、家庭来源、文化程度、军龄、年龄和婚姻状况等人口学变量上存在差异；
2.除了个人发展因子外，职业压力以及其余各因子与抑郁显著正相关，人际关系因子、婚姻家庭因子、军旅特殊生活因子对抑郁有极其显著的正向预测作用。
3.情绪调节自我效能感及三个因子均与抑郁呈显著负相关且三个因子对抑郁均有显著的负向预测作用。
4.情绪调节自我效能感在职业压力的人际关系因子、婚姻家庭因子、军旅特殊生活因子与抑郁的关系中起部分中介作用。
Studies have found that as a negative emotion, depression is frequentlyemerged among soldiers and there is a rising trend of percentage of depressionamong soldiers. It is one of the important factors to nonbattle injury casualty.However, the previous studies about the depression among soldiers mainly for navy,ground force and air force, fewer for the armed police, particalarly for thefirefighters in the Armed Police. The firefighters in the Armed Police are thebackbone of the social relief, their depression not only related to personal health ofbody and mind, but also related to the rescue of the life and property security, soexploring their depression and its influence factors have the important meaning.Thepresent study sought to investigate comprehensively the influences of occupationalstress, regulatory emotional self-efficacy on depression of the firefighters in theArmed Police with the foundation of the Theory of Diathesis-Stress , which may behelpful to cope with depression of the firefighters in the Armed Police.
With cluster random sampling, a representative sample of 737 firefighters inthe Armed Police participated in the study. Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)、Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale(RES)and Occupational Stress Scale forMilitary Personnel were adopted in this research. AMOS 4.0 was used to explore thevilidity of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale (RES). SPSS 17.0 were used toexplore the relationship between occupational stress、the regulatory emotionalself-efficacy and depression among the firefighters in the Armed Police.The resultsare shown as follows:
1．There are significant differences on the score of depression amongfirefighters for whether is only child and different educational degree;There aresignificant differences on the scores of occupational stress among firefighters for whether is only child, different age, years as a soldier and marital status; There aresignificant differences on the scores of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy amongfirefighters for whether is only child, from city or country, different educationaldegree, age, years as a soldier and marital status.
2. Except the factor of Personal Development, the other factors of occupationalstress are positively related to depression.Interpersonal lationship,Marriage&Familyand Special Military Circumstance can positively predict the scoreof depression.
3. The regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the three dimensions arenegatively related to depression, and have significant negatively forecasting effectson depression.
4. The regulatory emotional self-efficacy plays an intermediary role betweendepression and Interpersonal Relationship, Marriage&Family, Special MilitaryCircumstance.
本研究采用整群随机取样法，选取735名武警消防官兵作为研究对象，以抑郁症状自评量表(SDS)、军人职业压力量表和情绪调节自我效能感量表(RES)作为调查工具，运用AMOS4.0对情绪调节自我效能感量表中文版进行验证性因素分析，运用SPSS17.0对职业压力、情绪调节自我效能感和抑郁在人口统计学变量上的差异和三者之间的关系进行了分析和探讨，综合本研究的结果，得出以下结论:
1.武警消防官兵抑郁得分在是否独生、文化程度上存在差异；职业压力及各因子在是否独生、军龄、年龄、婚姻状况上存在差异，；情绪调节自我效能感及各因子在是否独生、家庭来源、文化程度、军龄、年龄和婚姻状况等人口学变量上存在差异；
2.除了个人发展因子外，职业压力以及其余各因子与抑郁显著正相关，人际关系因子、婚姻家庭因子、军旅特殊生活因子对抑郁有极其显著的正向预测作用。
3.情绪调节自我效能感及三个因子均与抑郁呈显著负相关且三个因子对抑郁均有显著的负向预测作用。
4.情绪调节自我效能感在职业压力的人际关系因子、婚姻家庭因子、军旅特殊生活因子与抑郁的关系中起部分中介作用。
Studies have found that as a negative emotion, depression is frequentlyemerged among soldiers and there is a rising trend of percentage of depressionamong soldiers. It is one of the important factors to nonbattle injury casualty.However, the previous studies about the depression among soldiers mainly for navy,ground force and air force, fewer for the armed police, particalarly for thefirefighters in the Armed Police. The firefighters in the Armed Police are thebackbone of the social relief, their depression not only related to personal health ofbody and mind, but also related to the rescue of the life and property security, soexploring their depression and its influence factors have the important meaning.Thepresent study sought to investigate comprehensively the influences of occupationalstress, regulatory emotional self-efficacy on depression of the firefighters in theArmed Police with the foundation of the Theory of Diathesis-Stress , which may behelpful to cope with depression of the firefighters in the Armed Police.
With cluster random sampling, a representative sample of 737 firefighters inthe Armed Police participated in the study. Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)、Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale(RES)and Occupational Stress Scale forMilitary Personnel were adopted in this research. AMOS 4.0 was used to explore thevilidity of Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale (RES). SPSS 17.0 were used toexplore the relationship between occupational stress、the regulatory emotionalself-efficacy and depression among the firefighters in the Armed Police.The resultsare shown as follows:
1．There are significant differences on the score of depression amongfirefighters for whether is only child and different educational degree;There aresignificant differences on the scores of occupational stress among firefighters for whether is only child, different age, years as a soldier and marital status; There aresignificant differences on the scores of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy amongfirefighters for whether is only child, from city or country, different educationaldegree, age, years as a soldier and marital status.
2. Except the factor of Personal Development, the other factors of occupationalstress are positively related to depression.Interpersonal lationship,Marriage&Familyand Special Military Circumstance can positively predict the scoreof depression.
3. The regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the three dimensions arenegatively related to depression, and have significant negatively forecasting effectson depression.
4. The regulatory emotional self-efficacy plays an intermediary role betweendepression and Interpersonal Relationship, Marriage&Family, Special MilitaryCircumstance.
引文
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