抽水蓄能电站上水库侧式进/出水口水力特性研究
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摘要
抽水蓄能电站运行灵活、可靠,除调峰填谷外,还适合承担调频、调相、事故备用等任务。目前,中国已建的抽水蓄能电站在各自的电网中都发挥了重要作用。近年来,随着电力需求不断增长,电力系统的调峰填谷的需求也越来越大,因此建设调峰填谷和动态经济效益好的抽水蓄能电站很有必要。抽水蓄能电站进/出水口分为侧式与竖井式两种。在我国,侧式进/出水口应用较为广泛,竖井式进/出水口较少。
本文利用k ??紊流模型对丰宁抽水蓄能电站上水库侧式进/出水口水力特性进行三维数值模拟研究。
首先针对丰宁抽水蓄能电站上水库侧式进/出水口原设计方案(体型一和体型二),利用三维k ??紊流模型,进行了抽水和发电典型工况下进/出水口的三维数值模拟。分析比较了两设计方案进/出水口的水头损失、流速分布以及各孔口的流量分配特点等水力特性。
在原设计方案基础上,通过改变扩散段顶板纵向扩散角进行体型优化。计算结果表明,扩散段顶板纵向扩散角减小对抽水工况(出流)流态有改善作用。扩散段顶板纵向扩散角是影响水流不均匀系数和分离区域的主要原因之一。
The operation of pumped-storage power plants is both flexible and reliable. Besides the functions of filling valley and modulating peak, it undertakes many other tasks such as frequency modulation, phase modulation, emergency reserve etc. At present, the available pumped-storage power plants in China have demonstrated increasing importance in their own power network. In recent years, with the growing demand for electricity, the need for filling valley and modulating peak of the power system has been growing. Therefore, it is necessary to build the Pumped-storage power plants that can not only well fill valley and modulate peak but also can achieve the dynamic economic benefits. Pumped-storage power plants can be divided into plants with side inlet/outlet and vertical inlet/outle according to the forms of inlet and outlet. In China, the side inlet/outlet has a wide adoption with less extensive adoption in vertical inlet/outle.
This paper describes mainly the side inlet/outlet of the upper reservoir of Fengning pumped-storage power plant. The hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet in the upper reservoir are analoged with three-dimensional k-εturbulent model.
First,the original project of the side inlet/outlet of the upper reservoir of Fengning pumped-storage power station(type 1 and type 2) is investigated with three-dimensional k-εturbulent mode in the pumped condition and powering condition. The analysis and comparison of hydraulic characteristics, including head loss, flow distribution and velocity distribution,
On the basis of the original project, to change the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion portion to Optimize the project. The vertical diffusion angle plays an important role in modulating the water flow. The shrink of the diffusion angle can greatly optimize the asymmetry parameter of the velocity and the separation of the water flow in a certain degree.
本文利用k ??紊流模型对丰宁抽水蓄能电站上水库侧式进/出水口水力特性进行三维数值模拟研究。
首先针对丰宁抽水蓄能电站上水库侧式进/出水口原设计方案(体型一和体型二),利用三维k ??紊流模型,进行了抽水和发电典型工况下进/出水口的三维数值模拟。分析比较了两设计方案进/出水口的水头损失、流速分布以及各孔口的流量分配特点等水力特性。
在原设计方案基础上,通过改变扩散段顶板纵向扩散角进行体型优化。计算结果表明,扩散段顶板纵向扩散角减小对抽水工况(出流)流态有改善作用。扩散段顶板纵向扩散角是影响水流不均匀系数和分离区域的主要原因之一。
The operation of pumped-storage power plants is both flexible and reliable. Besides the functions of filling valley and modulating peak, it undertakes many other tasks such as frequency modulation, phase modulation, emergency reserve etc. At present, the available pumped-storage power plants in China have demonstrated increasing importance in their own power network. In recent years, with the growing demand for electricity, the need for filling valley and modulating peak of the power system has been growing. Therefore, it is necessary to build the Pumped-storage power plants that can not only well fill valley and modulate peak but also can achieve the dynamic economic benefits. Pumped-storage power plants can be divided into plants with side inlet/outlet and vertical inlet/outle according to the forms of inlet and outlet. In China, the side inlet/outlet has a wide adoption with less extensive adoption in vertical inlet/outle.
This paper describes mainly the side inlet/outlet of the upper reservoir of Fengning pumped-storage power plant. The hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet in the upper reservoir are analoged with three-dimensional k-εturbulent model.
First,the original project of the side inlet/outlet of the upper reservoir of Fengning pumped-storage power station(type 1 and type 2) is investigated with three-dimensional k-εturbulent mode in the pumped condition and powering condition. The analysis and comparison of hydraulic characteristics, including head loss, flow distribution and velocity distribution,
On the basis of the original project, to change the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion portion to Optimize the project. The vertical diffusion angle plays an important role in modulating the water flow. The shrink of the diffusion angle can greatly optimize the asymmetry parameter of the velocity and the separation of the water flow in a certain degree.
引文
[1]邱彬如.世界抽水蓄能电站新发展[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[2]邱彬如.抽水蓄能电站工程技术[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[3]梅彦祖.抽水蓄能发电技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[4]包中进,卞祖铭.龙观抽水蓄能电站下库进(出)水口水力特性试验研究[J],浙江水利科技,1997,4:3-6
[5]章军军,毛欣炜,毛根海等.侧式短进出水口水力试验及体型优化[J],水力发电学报,2006,25(2):38-41
[6]章军军,毛根海,胡云进等.马山抽水蓄能电站竖井式进出水口轴对称流场数值模拟,水力发电学报,2005,24(3):56-60
[7]韩立.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口水力设计研究[J],水利水电科技进展,2002,22(6):23-26
[8]张兰丁.抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口水力学问题研究[R],南京水利科学研究院,2003
[9]黄智敏,张从联,朱红华.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口的体型研究[J],水电站设计,2007,23(3):22-28
[10]黄智敏,何小惠,朱红华等.广州抽水蓄能电站下库进出水口试验研究[J],Water Resources and Power,2005,23(1):4-7
[11]孙双科,柳海涛等.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口拦污栅断面的流速分布研究[J],水利学报,2007,38(11):29-35
[12]高学平,刘健,宋慧芳等.抽水蓄能电站竖井式出水口二维数值模拟[J],水利水电技术,2003,34(11):73-87
[13]宋慧芳.抽水蓄能电站盖板竖井式进/出水口水力特性研究[D],天津大学硕士学位论文,2003.12
[14]陈丽芬.无锡马山抽水蓄能电站井式进/出水口设计[J],浙江水利科技,2006,6:28-30
[15]陈云良,伍超,叶茂等.水电站进水口水流流态的研究[J],水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(3):340-345
[16]沙海飞,周辉,黄东军.抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口数值模拟[J],2009,28(1):84-88
[17]Saffman P G,Pullin D I. Calculation of velocity structure functions for vortexmodels of isotropic turbulence Fhysics of Fluids,1996,8(11):3072-3084
[18]Betchelor G K. An introduction to Fluid dynamics,London:Cambridge University Press,1970,543-546.
[19]王小华,何钟怡.二并列绕流的大涡模拟[J],哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(2):49-50.
[20]桂林,王文蓉等.水电站进水口水工模型试验研究[J],四川水力发电,2001,20(3):99-101.
[21]高学平、宋慧芳、张效先等.西龙池抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口体型研究[J],水利水电技术,2004(2):34-37
[22]高学平,张效先,王志国等.西龙池抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口水力学试验研究[J],水力发电学报,2002,(1):52-60.
[23]程伟平,毛根海,胡云进等.马山抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口轴对称流场数值模拟[J],水力发电学报,2005,24(3):56-60
[24]陈丽芬.无锡马山抽水蓄能电站井式进/出水口设计[J],浙江水利科技,2006,6:28-30
[25]王福军.计算流体动力学分析----CFD软件原理与应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[26]刘海辉、丁松滨.白山抽水蓄能电站进出水口负压问题的分析[J],水利水电技术,2008,39(6)42-43
[27]傅宗甫、严忠民等.双向进水流道水力特性模型试验研究[J],水利水电科技进展,2001,21(5)28-30
[28]吴持恭.水力学[M],北京:高等教育出版社,1993
[29]水电部北京勘测设计院.十三陵抽水蓄能电站上、下池取水口水力学模型试验研究[R],1987.2.
[30]潘家铮,何憬.中国抽水蓄能电站建设[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[31]C. Y. Wei, M. ASCE & John Boknecht, A. M. ASCE. A Rocky Mountain Project Intake/Discharge Channel Flow Simulation Study[J], Waterpower 91, volume 3: 1667-1675
[32]B. Van Leer. Toward the Ultimate Convective Difference Scheme. IV.A Second Order Sequel to Godunov's Method [J], Journal of Computational Physics 1977,23(3):276-299
[33]S. V. Patanker, D. B. Spalding, A calculation processsure for heatmass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1972,l5(10): 1787-1806
[34]高海燕.求解线性方程组的SOR和GMRES方法比较[J],高校理科研究
[35]陆佑楣,潘家铮.抽水蓄能电站[M],北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[36]方样位,李建中,魏文礼.紊流数值模拟的现状及进展[J].陕西水力发电,2000,(1):16-19.
[37]Thompson J. F. Composite grid generation code for 3-Dregions-the EAGLE code[J]. AIAA, 1998, (26): 271-272
[38]Chars W.M., Steger J.L. Ageneralized scheme for three-dimensional hyperbolic grid generation[J], 1991, AIAA, 91-158
[39]Thompson J.F., Weatherill N.P. Aspects of numerical grid generation[J], current and art, AIAA(paper): 93-35
[40]Steinbrener J.P, Chawner J.R. Multiple block grid generation in the interactive environment[J]. AIAA (paper): 90-1602
[41]H.K.Versteeg, W.Malalasekera. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics[J], The Finite Volume Method,Wiley, New York, 1995: 3-10
[42]B. Van Leer. Toward the Ultimate Convective Difference Scheme. IV.A Second Order Sequel to Godunov's Method [J], Journal of Computational Physics 1979, (32):276-299
[43]Hirt C W,Nichols B D. Volume of fluid(VOF)Method for the Dynamics of Free Boudaries[J], J. Comput. Phys. 1981,39(3): 201-225.
[44]V. Yakhot and S. A. Orszag. Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence: I. Basic Theory,Journal of Scientific Computing,1986, 1(1):1-51
[45]华绍曾,杨学.实用流体阻力手册[S].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[46]张从联,朱红华等.惠州抽水蓄能电站上库进出水口水力学模型试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2004(6):13-16.
[47]张从联,朱红华等,抽水蓄能电站进出水口水力学试验研究[J],水力发电学报,2005,24(2):60-63
[48]张正楼,郑亚军等.抽水蓄能电站侧式双进出水口三维数值模拟[J],水电能源科学,2009,27(1):58-60
[49]蔡付林,胡明,张志明.双向水流侧式进出水口分流墩研究[J],河海大学学报,2000,28(2):74-77
[50]福原华一.抽水蓄能电站进/出水口的水力设计[J].电力土木,1979,54(7):48～57.
[2]邱彬如.抽水蓄能电站工程技术[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2008
[3]梅彦祖.抽水蓄能发电技术[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[4]包中进,卞祖铭.龙观抽水蓄能电站下库进(出)水口水力特性试验研究[J],浙江水利科技,1997,4:3-6
[5]章军军,毛欣炜,毛根海等.侧式短进出水口水力试验及体型优化[J],水力发电学报,2006,25(2):38-41
[6]章军军,毛根海,胡云进等.马山抽水蓄能电站竖井式进出水口轴对称流场数值模拟,水力发电学报,2005,24(3):56-60
[7]韩立.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口水力设计研究[J],水利水电科技进展,2002,22(6):23-26
[8]张兰丁.抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口水力学问题研究[R],南京水利科学研究院,2003
[9]黄智敏,张从联,朱红华.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口的体型研究[J],水电站设计,2007,23(3):22-28
[10]黄智敏,何小惠,朱红华等.广州抽水蓄能电站下库进出水口试验研究[J],Water Resources and Power,2005,23(1):4-7
[11]孙双科,柳海涛等.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口拦污栅断面的流速分布研究[J],水利学报,2007,38(11):29-35
[12]高学平,刘健,宋慧芳等.抽水蓄能电站竖井式出水口二维数值模拟[J],水利水电技术,2003,34(11):73-87
[13]宋慧芳.抽水蓄能电站盖板竖井式进/出水口水力特性研究[D],天津大学硕士学位论文,2003.12
[14]陈丽芬.无锡马山抽水蓄能电站井式进/出水口设计[J],浙江水利科技,2006,6:28-30
[15]陈云良,伍超,叶茂等.水电站进水口水流流态的研究[J],水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(3):340-345
[16]沙海飞,周辉,黄东军.抽水蓄能电站侧式进出水口数值模拟[J],2009,28(1):84-88
[17]Saffman P G,Pullin D I. Calculation of velocity structure functions for vortexmodels of isotropic turbulence Fhysics of Fluids,1996,8(11):3072-3084
[18]Betchelor G K. An introduction to Fluid dynamics,London:Cambridge University Press,1970,543-546.
[19]王小华,何钟怡.二并列绕流的大涡模拟[J],哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(2):49-50.
[20]桂林,王文蓉等.水电站进水口水工模型试验研究[J],四川水力发电,2001,20(3):99-101.
[21]高学平、宋慧芳、张效先等.西龙池抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口体型研究[J],水利水电技术,2004(2):34-37
[22]高学平,张效先,王志国等.西龙池抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口水力学试验研究[J],水力发电学报,2002,(1):52-60.
[23]程伟平,毛根海,胡云进等.马山抽水蓄能电站竖井式进/出水口轴对称流场数值模拟[J],水力发电学报,2005,24(3):56-60
[24]陈丽芬.无锡马山抽水蓄能电站井式进/出水口设计[J],浙江水利科技,2006,6:28-30
[25]王福军.计算流体动力学分析----CFD软件原理与应用[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[26]刘海辉、丁松滨.白山抽水蓄能电站进出水口负压问题的分析[J],水利水电技术,2008,39(6)42-43
[27]傅宗甫、严忠民等.双向进水流道水力特性模型试验研究[J],水利水电科技进展,2001,21(5)28-30
[28]吴持恭.水力学[M],北京:高等教育出版社,1993
[29]水电部北京勘测设计院.十三陵抽水蓄能电站上、下池取水口水力学模型试验研究[R],1987.2.
[30]潘家铮,何憬.中国抽水蓄能电站建设[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[31]C. Y. Wei, M. ASCE & John Boknecht, A. M. ASCE. A Rocky Mountain Project Intake/Discharge Channel Flow Simulation Study[J], Waterpower 91, volume 3: 1667-1675
[32]B. Van Leer. Toward the Ultimate Convective Difference Scheme. IV.A Second Order Sequel to Godunov's Method [J], Journal of Computational Physics 1977,23(3):276-299
[33]S. V. Patanker, D. B. Spalding, A calculation processsure for heatmass and momentum transfer in three-dimensional parabolic flows[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1972,l5(10): 1787-1806
[34]高海燕.求解线性方程组的SOR和GMRES方法比较[J],高校理科研究
[35]陆佑楣,潘家铮.抽水蓄能电站[M],北京:水利电力出版社,1992
[36]方样位,李建中,魏文礼.紊流数值模拟的现状及进展[J].陕西水力发电,2000,(1):16-19.
[37]Thompson J. F. Composite grid generation code for 3-Dregions-the EAGLE code[J]. AIAA, 1998, (26): 271-272
[38]Chars W.M., Steger J.L. Ageneralized scheme for three-dimensional hyperbolic grid generation[J], 1991, AIAA, 91-158
[39]Thompson J.F., Weatherill N.P. Aspects of numerical grid generation[J], current and art, AIAA(paper): 93-35
[40]Steinbrener J.P, Chawner J.R. Multiple block grid generation in the interactive environment[J]. AIAA (paper): 90-1602
[41]H.K.Versteeg, W.Malalasekera. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics[J], The Finite Volume Method,Wiley, New York, 1995: 3-10
[42]B. Van Leer. Toward the Ultimate Convective Difference Scheme. IV.A Second Order Sequel to Godunov's Method [J], Journal of Computational Physics 1979, (32):276-299
[43]Hirt C W,Nichols B D. Volume of fluid(VOF)Method for the Dynamics of Free Boudaries[J], J. Comput. Phys. 1981,39(3): 201-225.
[44]V. Yakhot and S. A. Orszag. Renormalization Group Analysis of Turbulence: I. Basic Theory,Journal of Scientific Computing,1986, 1(1):1-51
[45]华绍曾,杨学.实用流体阻力手册[S].北京:国防工业出版社,1985.
[46]张从联,朱红华等.惠州抽水蓄能电站上库进出水口水力学模型试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2004(6):13-16.
[47]张从联,朱红华等,抽水蓄能电站进出水口水力学试验研究[J],水力发电学报,2005,24(2):60-63
[48]张正楼,郑亚军等.抽水蓄能电站侧式双进出水口三维数值模拟[J],水电能源科学,2009,27(1):58-60
[49]蔡付林,胡明,张志明.双向水流侧式进出水口分流墩研究[J],河海大学学报,2000,28(2):74-77
[50]福原华一.抽水蓄能电站进/出水口的水力设计[J].电力土木,1979,54(7):48～57.