岩溶水示踪理论与应用研究
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摘要
随着我国南方岩溶区水电事业建设的深入,库坝区岩溶渗漏的精确勘察成为急待解决的问题。本论文主要从以下几方面展开研究。
在前人研究的基础上,建立了管道流场与分散流场的岩溶水示踪数学模型,并推导了其解析解,根据解析解给出了相应的典型示踪曲线类型。通过对接收点示踪剂浓度曲线反演了岩溶介质类型。
研究了温度、电导率示踪理论。温度、电导率是良好的示踪剂。大地热流场与岩溶水渗流场的相互作用以及水岩相互作用使岩溶水流场的温度、电导率呈现不同的时空变化规律。根据研究已完测的不同深度部位温度和电导率的分析,研究了岩溶水的运动规律和岩溶介质的分布特征。
水化学成份反映了岩溶水形成的一定地质环境。本文用自组织神经网络对岩溶区水化学成份进行了聚类分析。根据亲疏关系,分析了水点间的水力联系。单孔人工同位素示踪技术是研究地下水运动的有效手段,本论文把单孔人工同位素示踪应用到岩溶水研究中。在钻孔中用放射性同位素~(131)I(以碘化钠的形式存在)均匀标记地下水。~(131)I在钻孔中随地下水流动,在地下水下游侧富集,并向含水层中弥散。用先进的同位素探测仪追踪~(131)I的这种变化过程,从而计算出岩溶水在地下某一点的流速、流向,提高了对岩溶水总体运动规律的认识。
论文综合运用了岩溶水示踪数学模型,温度、电导率和人工同位素示踪技术对岩溶水文地质条件进行了研究,并在江苏句容抽水蓄能电站岩溶水文地质条件研究中得到了验证。
With the building of great powerstations in karst area in south of China, how to detect the leakage in karst has become one of main problems. This paper make study on the follow aspects.On the base of former research, build the karst water trace mathematical modeling in tube flow field and disperse field. Deduce their analytical solution, and give the corresponding typical tracing curves. Inverse the karst medium forms by the concentration curves of tracers with time in receiving points.Study temperature, electrical conductivity tracing theory. Temperature and electrical conductivity are good tracers. The reciprocity between earth heat field and karst seepage field and the reciprocity between karst water and karst make the karst seepage, temperature and electrical conductivity vary in different discipline about time and space. According to the research of temperature and electrical conductivity which have been detected, study mobile discipline of karst water and the distributing character of karst medium.Hydrogeological chemistry reflects certain geology environment where karst water has developed. This paper study the hydrogeological chemistry elements with Self-Orgnizing Feature Map and determine in karst area. Analyse the hydrodynamic relation among water-taking points according to the near or far relation. Artificial isotope tracing technology in sole borehole is the effect means of research the mobile of groundwater. This paper adopt isotope technology in sole borehole to the study of karst water. Put radioactive isotope ~(131)I (In the form of NaI) in boreholes and mark the karst water evenly. ~(131)I in boreholes will flow with groundwater and gather in the backward position, then disperse towards the aquifer. The advanced istopic instrument can detect the change of I concentration. So, the velocity of flow and direction of flow at some point can be computed. This improves the perceiving of the general mobile discipline of karst water.This paper applise comprehensively trace mathematical modeling of karst water, temperature, electrical conductivity tracing, and technology of artificial isotope tracing to the research of hydrogeology conditions. It has been tested in the study of hydrogeology conditions in Jurong pumped-storage power station.
在前人研究的基础上,建立了管道流场与分散流场的岩溶水示踪数学模型,并推导了其解析解,根据解析解给出了相应的典型示踪曲线类型。通过对接收点示踪剂浓度曲线反演了岩溶介质类型。
研究了温度、电导率示踪理论。温度、电导率是良好的示踪剂。大地热流场与岩溶水渗流场的相互作用以及水岩相互作用使岩溶水流场的温度、电导率呈现不同的时空变化规律。根据研究已完测的不同深度部位温度和电导率的分析,研究了岩溶水的运动规律和岩溶介质的分布特征。
水化学成份反映了岩溶水形成的一定地质环境。本文用自组织神经网络对岩溶区水化学成份进行了聚类分析。根据亲疏关系,分析了水点间的水力联系。单孔人工同位素示踪技术是研究地下水运动的有效手段,本论文把单孔人工同位素示踪应用到岩溶水研究中。在钻孔中用放射性同位素~(131)I(以碘化钠的形式存在)均匀标记地下水。~(131)I在钻孔中随地下水流动,在地下水下游侧富集,并向含水层中弥散。用先进的同位素探测仪追踪~(131)I的这种变化过程,从而计算出岩溶水在地下某一点的流速、流向,提高了对岩溶水总体运动规律的认识。
论文综合运用了岩溶水示踪数学模型,温度、电导率和人工同位素示踪技术对岩溶水文地质条件进行了研究,并在江苏句容抽水蓄能电站岩溶水文地质条件研究中得到了验证。
With the building of great powerstations in karst area in south of China, how to detect the leakage in karst has become one of main problems. This paper make study on the follow aspects.On the base of former research, build the karst water trace mathematical modeling in tube flow field and disperse field. Deduce their analytical solution, and give the corresponding typical tracing curves. Inverse the karst medium forms by the concentration curves of tracers with time in receiving points.Study temperature, electrical conductivity tracing theory. Temperature and electrical conductivity are good tracers. The reciprocity between earth heat field and karst seepage field and the reciprocity between karst water and karst make the karst seepage, temperature and electrical conductivity vary in different discipline about time and space. According to the research of temperature and electrical conductivity which have been detected, study mobile discipline of karst water and the distributing character of karst medium.Hydrogeological chemistry reflects certain geology environment where karst water has developed. This paper study the hydrogeological chemistry elements with Self-Orgnizing Feature Map and determine in karst area. Analyse the hydrodynamic relation among water-taking points according to the near or far relation. Artificial isotope tracing technology in sole borehole is the effect means of research the mobile of groundwater. This paper adopt isotope technology in sole borehole to the study of karst water. Put radioactive isotope ~(131)I (In the form of NaI) in boreholes and mark the karst water evenly. ~(131)I in boreholes will flow with groundwater and gather in the backward position, then disperse towards the aquifer. The advanced istopic instrument can detect the change of I concentration. So, the velocity of flow and direction of flow at some point can be computed. This improves the perceiving of the general mobile discipline of karst water.This paper applise comprehensively trace mathematical modeling of karst water, temperature, electrical conductivity tracing, and technology of artificial isotope tracing to the research of hydrogeology conditions. It has been tested in the study of hydrogeology conditions in Jurong pumped-storage power station.
引文
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[10] Indelman PA, Dagan G. Solute transport in divergent radial flow through heterogeneous porous media. J Fluid Mech. 1999. 384: 159～182
[11] 杨立铮,刘俊业·试用示踪剂浓度——时间曲线分析岩溶管道的结构特征·成都地质学院学报,1979(4):44～49
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[13] 张祯武·单管串联潜池岩溶流场示踪模型[J]·工程地质,1989,3(3):33～37
[14] 张祯武,吕文星·岩溶水管流场与分散流场示踪识别研究[J]·工程勘察,1997(3):42～45
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[19] 张祯武,邹成杰·岩溶地下水分散流场示踪探测原理及其在水库渗漏研究中的应用·中国岩溶[J],1995,9(3):251～260
[20] 董海洲·堤坝渗漏热源法及示踪理论研究[D].河海大学博士论文,2004
[21] 周志芳,王锦国·裂隙介质水动力学[M]·中国水利水电出版社,2004
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[23] 陈亮.孔中测渗技术研究与系统设计[D]·河海大学硕士论文,2004
[24] 刘建刚,彭汉兴,汪绍文·句容抽水蓄能电站预可行研究阶段岩溶水文地质专题研究报告[D]·河海大学土木工程学院地质及岩土工程系,2004.3
[25] 沈照理,朱宛华等·水文地球化学基础[M]·地质出版社,1993.5
[26] Sandra Tenchine, Phioippe Gouxe. Density contrast effects on tracer dispersion in variable aperture fractures. Advances in Water Resources, 2005, 28: 273～289
[27] Berkowitz B. Characterizing flow and transport in fractured geological media: a review. Adv Water Resour 2002, 25: 861～884
[28] Greswell R, Tellam JH, Lloyd JW, Parker DJ. Positron emission projection imaging studies of solute movement through rocks. Int Assoc Hydro Ann Meet 1998, 28: 561～566
[29] Drazer G, Koplik J. Tracer dispersion in two-dimensional rough fractures. Phys Rev E, 2001, 63(056104): 1～11
[30] 樱.井钦一等·茨城县妙见山含锂伟晶岩中的矿物《岩石矿物矿床学会志》[J]·1977第72卷,第1号,13～27
[31] 张洪济·热传导[M]·北京,高等教育出版社,1992,283-287
[32] 周志芳,王锦国·河流峡谷区地下水温度异常特征分析[J]·水科学进展,2003,14(1):62～65
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