高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系的研究
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摘要
高速公路建设灾害是指在高速公路建设期间因高速公路建设所带来的地质、生态、社会等不良变化所带来的社会灾害以及因自然与社会因素影响高速公路正常建设所带来的灾害。具体包括安全生产事故灾害、自然灾害、质量灾害、腐败、扰民以及施工噪音、粉尘污染、土壤侵蚀、水资源污染等有形和无形的灾害。由于高速公路建设是野外的开放式作业,受外部各种自然和社会环境的变化影响较大,再加上人会犯错的客观性,导致高速公路建设灾害的发生具有客观性,只是高速公路建设灾害的规模有所不同。所以解决高速公路建设灾害的有效解决对策是要建立高效的灾害发生前的预防体系和发生后的紧急应急救援体系。本论文正是基于工程学、安全学、灾害学、预警管理学等方面的知识,建立对高速公路建设灾害进行预警管理的体系。
本论文首先对高速公路研究背景、研究意义、研究目标、研究对象、研究路线和方法进行了介绍。从理论层面对我国高速公路建设灾害及其管理的系列问题进行了研究,并提出在现有高速公路建设组织体系中引入预警管理职能,开展卓有成效的灾害监控防控管理和灾后应急救援工作。其中,主要研究了高速公路建设灾害的危害与表征；我国高速公路建设灾害的现状与管理现状；国外高速公路建设灾害管理的经验；高速公路建设灾害的致灾机理分析；最终提出了高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系的基本理论,高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系是通过对高速公路建设期的外部环境和内部管理活动进行监控、预测与警告,在确认灾害现象发生情况下,采用既定的组织方法干涉和调控其运行过程并使之恢复正常状态的管理活动,主要论述了包括高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系的组织模型、构建原则、构建目标、活动内容、功能模式、结构、工作流程、运转模式、预控对策和危机应急对策等。提出从外部层面和内部层面两个层面建立灾害预警组织管理体系,外部层面包括国家、行业和社会群众三个层面,内部层面包括企业层面、中介层面和职工层面预警组织体系,并分析了组织结构的职能设置。最后立足于青红高速公路建设实际,勾画了青红高速公路建设期的实际灾害类型,对青红高速公路建设管理处、国家有关部门、项目组、监理单位等多个角度对青红高速公路的建设灾害管理现状进行了评价,设计了青红高速公路建设灾害的应急预案管理体系,提出青红高速公路建设灾害的应急决策；提出了青红高速公路建设灾害的应急联动方案等。
本文建立了一套完整的高速公路建设灾害预警的管理体系,对其中的理论与方法进行了详细阐述,研究成果完善和丰富了高速公路建设项目运营风险管理理论与组织内部行为风险的预警理论,对以后的高速公路建设项目运营管理实践具有一定指导和借鉴作用。
Highway construction disasters was refered the geological and ecological and social and other undesirable changes brought about by the social disaster and the natural and social factors influence the normal construction of the highway disasters due to highway construction brought in the expressway construction period. Construction disasters included the production safety accident disaster and natural disasters and the quality disaster and corruption and a nuisance and construction noise and dust pollution and soil erosion and water pollution and other tangible and intangible disaster. As the highway construction was the wild and open operation, subject to external all sorts of natural and social environmental changes influence, plus the people make mistakes of objectivity leaded to expressway construction disasters objectivity, only highway construction disaster scale was different. Therefore, solved the highway construction disasters effective solution was established the before efficient disasters prevention system and after the emergency prevention system of emergency rescue system, this topic was build on expressway construction disaster early warning management system based on engineering and security and disaster science and necessity of early warning management science knowledge.
This paper first introduced highway research background and the research significance and research objectives and study the routes and methods, Highway construction a series of disasters and their management had been studied from a theoretical level in china, put forward the existing in highway construction organization system into early warning management function, carry out effective disaster monitoring prevention and management control and post-disaster emergency relief work. Among them, the main hazards and characterization of highway construction, construction in our country highway disaster situation and the current management situation, foreign highway construction management experience, highway construction disaster analysis of disaster-causing mechanism, finally, proposed the highway construction disaster early warning management system basic theory, highway construction disasters early warning management system of highway construction period was based on the external environment and internal management activities monitoring and prediction and warning. used the established organization method interference and regulation run its course and restore the normal state management activities in confirmation of disaster occurrence conditions, mainly discussed organization model and construction principles and construction goal and content and function and structure and working process and operation mode and pre-control measures and emergency measures for early warning management system of highway construction, Put forward to establish disaster early warning management system from external dimensions and internal level two levels, external dimensions included national and industry and social masses in three dimensions, the internal level included the enterprise level and intermediate level and worker level warning system, analysis the organizational structure and functions. Finally, based on the Qing-Hong highway construction practice, speculate Qing-Hong highway construction period actual disaster types, the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster management current situation undertook evaluating from on the Qing-Hong highway construction management office and the relevant state departments and project group and supervision units multiple perspectives, design the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster emergency plan management system, put forward the Qing-Hong highway construction disasters emergency decision, put forward the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster emergency response plan.
This paper established a complete set of highway construction disaster early warning management system and elaborated on the theories and methods, results improved and enriched the expressway construction project operation risk management theory and organizational behavior risk early warning theory, highway construction project operation management practice has certain guidance and reference in future.
本论文首先对高速公路研究背景、研究意义、研究目标、研究对象、研究路线和方法进行了介绍。从理论层面对我国高速公路建设灾害及其管理的系列问题进行了研究,并提出在现有高速公路建设组织体系中引入预警管理职能,开展卓有成效的灾害监控防控管理和灾后应急救援工作。其中,主要研究了高速公路建设灾害的危害与表征；我国高速公路建设灾害的现状与管理现状；国外高速公路建设灾害管理的经验；高速公路建设灾害的致灾机理分析；最终提出了高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系的基本理论,高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系是通过对高速公路建设期的外部环境和内部管理活动进行监控、预测与警告,在确认灾害现象发生情况下,采用既定的组织方法干涉和调控其运行过程并使之恢复正常状态的管理活动,主要论述了包括高速公路建设灾害预警管理体系的组织模型、构建原则、构建目标、活动内容、功能模式、结构、工作流程、运转模式、预控对策和危机应急对策等。提出从外部层面和内部层面两个层面建立灾害预警组织管理体系,外部层面包括国家、行业和社会群众三个层面,内部层面包括企业层面、中介层面和职工层面预警组织体系,并分析了组织结构的职能设置。最后立足于青红高速公路建设实际,勾画了青红高速公路建设期的实际灾害类型,对青红高速公路建设管理处、国家有关部门、项目组、监理单位等多个角度对青红高速公路的建设灾害管理现状进行了评价,设计了青红高速公路建设灾害的应急预案管理体系,提出青红高速公路建设灾害的应急决策；提出了青红高速公路建设灾害的应急联动方案等。
本文建立了一套完整的高速公路建设灾害预警的管理体系,对其中的理论与方法进行了详细阐述,研究成果完善和丰富了高速公路建设项目运营风险管理理论与组织内部行为风险的预警理论,对以后的高速公路建设项目运营管理实践具有一定指导和借鉴作用。
Highway construction disasters was refered the geological and ecological and social and other undesirable changes brought about by the social disaster and the natural and social factors influence the normal construction of the highway disasters due to highway construction brought in the expressway construction period. Construction disasters included the production safety accident disaster and natural disasters and the quality disaster and corruption and a nuisance and construction noise and dust pollution and soil erosion and water pollution and other tangible and intangible disaster. As the highway construction was the wild and open operation, subject to external all sorts of natural and social environmental changes influence, plus the people make mistakes of objectivity leaded to expressway construction disasters objectivity, only highway construction disaster scale was different. Therefore, solved the highway construction disasters effective solution was established the before efficient disasters prevention system and after the emergency prevention system of emergency rescue system, this topic was build on expressway construction disaster early warning management system based on engineering and security and disaster science and necessity of early warning management science knowledge.
This paper first introduced highway research background and the research significance and research objectives and study the routes and methods, Highway construction a series of disasters and their management had been studied from a theoretical level in china, put forward the existing in highway construction organization system into early warning management function, carry out effective disaster monitoring prevention and management control and post-disaster emergency relief work. Among them, the main hazards and characterization of highway construction, construction in our country highway disaster situation and the current management situation, foreign highway construction management experience, highway construction disaster analysis of disaster-causing mechanism, finally, proposed the highway construction disaster early warning management system basic theory, highway construction disasters early warning management system of highway construction period was based on the external environment and internal management activities monitoring and prediction and warning. used the established organization method interference and regulation run its course and restore the normal state management activities in confirmation of disaster occurrence conditions, mainly discussed organization model and construction principles and construction goal and content and function and structure and working process and operation mode and pre-control measures and emergency measures for early warning management system of highway construction, Put forward to establish disaster early warning management system from external dimensions and internal level two levels, external dimensions included national and industry and social masses in three dimensions, the internal level included the enterprise level and intermediate level and worker level warning system, analysis the organizational structure and functions. Finally, based on the Qing-Hong highway construction practice, speculate Qing-Hong highway construction period actual disaster types, the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster management current situation undertook evaluating from on the Qing-Hong highway construction management office and the relevant state departments and project group and supervision units multiple perspectives, design the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster emergency plan management system, put forward the Qing-Hong highway construction disasters emergency decision, put forward the Qing-Hong highway construction disaster emergency response plan.
This paper established a complete set of highway construction disaster early warning management system and elaborated on the theories and methods, results improved and enriched the expressway construction project operation risk management theory and organizational behavior risk early warning theory, highway construction project operation management practice has certain guidance and reference in future.
引文
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