复杂配电系统可靠性研究
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摘要
配电系统与用户直接相连,其故障会直接导致用户停电,因此其供电可靠性对用户影响很大。随着经济发展以及用户对供电质量要求的提高,配电系统规模逐渐变大,结构日趋复杂,运行方式复杂多变。以往对配电系统可靠性研究的方法存在计算时间长、计算精确度低和只适用于特定配电系统结构等问题,不能很好的适应配电系统的发展。本文针对配电系统规模大,结构复杂,运行方式灵活的特点,对配电系统的可靠性模型、可靠性计算方法及其对配电系统的规划建设的作用进行了研究。
本文介绍了配电系统的基本概念及其特点,总结国内外现有的配电系统可靠性评估方法,分析各种方法的优势和缺陷。采用解析法中的故障模式后果分析法作为配电系统可靠性评估的基本方法,并给出解析法中评价配电系统可靠性的常用指标。建立了配电系统元件和系统的可靠性模型,在此基础上提出基于索引搜索算法的配电系统可靠性评估方法。算法以元件为故障枚举单位,采用搜索的方法模拟配电系统元件故障后的开关动作,从而得到负荷的停运状态,并以此为依据计算负荷的可靠性指标及配电系统的可靠性指标。算法通过索引表记录配电系统的关键拓扑结构、元件故障后的动作开关及开关的动作时间,减少了大量无效搜索,提高了搜索算法速度以及负荷停运时间的计算精确度。算法考虑了备用元件、计划检修、开关拒绝动作、多电源供电等情况,与实际配电系统运行方式相符。
根据索引搜索算法开发了基于C++ Builder 6.0和Microsoft Access 2003平台的具有可视化界面的配电系统可靠性评估的软件。软件可方便地维护配电系统数据、查看元件故障后动作开关及负荷停运状态、计算配电系统可靠性指标并将计算结果导入到Microsoft Excel中。
通过对RBTS Bus 6配电系统以及高速铁路配电系统进行计算,证明软件计算结果准确度高、计算速度快、并适用于多种复杂配电系统结构。根据计算结果分析配电系统可靠性薄弱点,提出配电系统结构改造方案,并计算了改造后的配电系统可靠性指标,验证了改造方案的有效性。
Distribution system connects the consumer directly, its failure will lead directly to the user’s outage. Therefore, the reliability of distribution system has a great influence on consumers. With the economic development and higher requirements of power quality, distribution system scale become progressively larger, the complexity of its structure is growing, and its operation modes are complicated and variable. There are some problems in previous studies on methods of distribution system reliability, such as long calculation time, low calculation accuracy, and only suitable for specific structure of distribution. So they could not well adapt for distribution system development. Aiming at features of distribution system large scale, complex structure and variable operation mode, this paper study on distribution system reliability model, reliability algorithm, and its functions in distribution planning and construction.
This paper introduces the basic concepts of power distribution system and its characteristic, summarizes the existing distribution system reliability evaluation methods and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Failure effects analysis method of analytical methods is used as the basic method for the reliability evaluation of distribution system. Common distribution system reliability evaluation indices are also given in this paper. The distribution system components and system reliability model are built in this paper. On this basis, Index-Search algorithm is proposed and used for reliability evaluation of distribution system. This algorithm takes the power component as the enumeration unit, uses search method to simulate switches motion after component fault in order to get the outage status of the loads, and then calculate the reliability indices of loads and distribution system. Index tables record the key distribution system topology, action switches after component fault and action time of switches. Though these index table records, a large number of invalid searches are reduced, the speed of search algorithm and the calculation accuracy of load outage time are improved too. This algorithm takes into account the spare components, planned maintenance, refused action of switches, and multi-power supply, etc. It matches the actual distribution system operation mode.
According to Index-Search algorithm, a reliability evaluation of distribution system software which has a visual interface is developed based on C++ Builder 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2003 platform. It can maintain the distribution system data conveniently, view action switches and outage status of loads after components failure, calculate distribution system indices and import them into Microsoft Excel.
The tested results from RBTS Bus 6 distribution system and high-speed rail power distribution system show that this algorithm could calculate the reliability indices correctly, quickly, and well adapt for variety of complex structures of distribution system. According to the result of the weak points of distribution system, structural reform program for distribution system is proposed. The reliability indices of transformed distribution system are calculated, and the effectiveness of reform program is verified.
本文介绍了配电系统的基本概念及其特点,总结国内外现有的配电系统可靠性评估方法,分析各种方法的优势和缺陷。采用解析法中的故障模式后果分析法作为配电系统可靠性评估的基本方法,并给出解析法中评价配电系统可靠性的常用指标。建立了配电系统元件和系统的可靠性模型,在此基础上提出基于索引搜索算法的配电系统可靠性评估方法。算法以元件为故障枚举单位,采用搜索的方法模拟配电系统元件故障后的开关动作,从而得到负荷的停运状态,并以此为依据计算负荷的可靠性指标及配电系统的可靠性指标。算法通过索引表记录配电系统的关键拓扑结构、元件故障后的动作开关及开关的动作时间,减少了大量无效搜索,提高了搜索算法速度以及负荷停运时间的计算精确度。算法考虑了备用元件、计划检修、开关拒绝动作、多电源供电等情况,与实际配电系统运行方式相符。
根据索引搜索算法开发了基于C++ Builder 6.0和Microsoft Access 2003平台的具有可视化界面的配电系统可靠性评估的软件。软件可方便地维护配电系统数据、查看元件故障后动作开关及负荷停运状态、计算配电系统可靠性指标并将计算结果导入到Microsoft Excel中。
通过对RBTS Bus 6配电系统以及高速铁路配电系统进行计算,证明软件计算结果准确度高、计算速度快、并适用于多种复杂配电系统结构。根据计算结果分析配电系统可靠性薄弱点,提出配电系统结构改造方案,并计算了改造后的配电系统可靠性指标,验证了改造方案的有效性。
Distribution system connects the consumer directly, its failure will lead directly to the user’s outage. Therefore, the reliability of distribution system has a great influence on consumers. With the economic development and higher requirements of power quality, distribution system scale become progressively larger, the complexity of its structure is growing, and its operation modes are complicated and variable. There are some problems in previous studies on methods of distribution system reliability, such as long calculation time, low calculation accuracy, and only suitable for specific structure of distribution. So they could not well adapt for distribution system development. Aiming at features of distribution system large scale, complex structure and variable operation mode, this paper study on distribution system reliability model, reliability algorithm, and its functions in distribution planning and construction.
This paper introduces the basic concepts of power distribution system and its characteristic, summarizes the existing distribution system reliability evaluation methods and points out the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Failure effects analysis method of analytical methods is used as the basic method for the reliability evaluation of distribution system. Common distribution system reliability evaluation indices are also given in this paper. The distribution system components and system reliability model are built in this paper. On this basis, Index-Search algorithm is proposed and used for reliability evaluation of distribution system. This algorithm takes the power component as the enumeration unit, uses search method to simulate switches motion after component fault in order to get the outage status of the loads, and then calculate the reliability indices of loads and distribution system. Index tables record the key distribution system topology, action switches after component fault and action time of switches. Though these index table records, a large number of invalid searches are reduced, the speed of search algorithm and the calculation accuracy of load outage time are improved too. This algorithm takes into account the spare components, planned maintenance, refused action of switches, and multi-power supply, etc. It matches the actual distribution system operation mode.
According to Index-Search algorithm, a reliability evaluation of distribution system software which has a visual interface is developed based on C++ Builder 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2003 platform. It can maintain the distribution system data conveniently, view action switches and outage status of loads after components failure, calculate distribution system indices and import them into Microsoft Excel.
The tested results from RBTS Bus 6 distribution system and high-speed rail power distribution system show that this algorithm could calculate the reliability indices correctly, quickly, and well adapt for variety of complex structures of distribution system. According to the result of the weak points of distribution system, structural reform program for distribution system is proposed. The reliability indices of transformed distribution system are calculated, and the effectiveness of reform program is verified.
引文
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[3]陈永进,任震,黄雯莹.考虑天气变化的可靠性评估模型与分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(21):17-21.
[4]郭永基.电力系统及电力设备的可靠性[J].电力系统自动化,2001,25(17):53-56.
[5] R.Allan, R.Billinton. Probabilistic Assessment of Power Systems [J]. Proc. of the IEEE, 2000, 88(2):140-162.
[6] Power Systems Reliability Subcommittee of the Power Systems Engineering committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society [M]. IEEE Std 493-2007. IEEE Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Gold Book). USA: 2007.2.
[7]李明东,别朝红,王锡凡.实用配电网可靠性评估方法的研究[J].西北电力技术, 1999, 2: 3-4.
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[9]杨文宇,余健明,同向前.基于最小割集的配电系统可靠性评估算法[J].西安理工大学学报. 2001, 17(4): 387-391.
[10]李红江,鲁宗相,王淼,等.基于可靠性船舶电网拓扑结构对比分析[J].电工技术学报. 2006, 21(11):47-51.
[11]谢开贵,周平,周家启等.基于故障扩散的复杂中压配电系统可靠性评估算法[J].电力系统自动化. 2001, 25(4): 45-48.
[12]徐珍霞,周江昕.复杂配电网可靠性评估的改进故障遍历法[J].电网技术, 2005, 29(14): 64-67.
[13]文艳,罗安,谷群辉.配电网可靠性分层评估算法[J].继电器. 2004, 32(9): 31-32.
[14] R. Billinton. Reliability-Network-Equivalent Approach to Distribution-System-Reliability Evaluation [J]. IEEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution Trans. Distribution 1998, 145(2):149-153.
[15]万国成,任震,田翔.配电网可靠性评估的网络等值法模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,电网技术, 2003, 23(5):48-52.
[16]徐珍霞,周江昕.复杂配电网可靠性评估的改进故障遍历法[J].电网技术, 2005, 29(14): 64-67.
[17]刘柏私,谢开贵,马春雷,等.复杂中压配电网的可靠性评估分块算法[J].中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(4): 40-45.
[18]谢莹华,王成山.基于馈线分区的中压配电系统可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(5): 35-39.
[19]许丹,唐巍.基于电源通路的中压配电网可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报(增刊),2009,29(10): 44-49.
[20] Huijia Liu, Hanmei Hu. An improved network-equivalent method of reliability evaluation for complex medium-voltage distribution system based on feeder partition[C]. Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009. APPEEC 2009. Asia-Pacific, 2009: 1-4.
[21]林济铿,王旭东,郑卫洪,等.基于网络化简的计及开关故障配电网可靠性评估[J].电力系统自动化, 2009, 33(9): 32-36.
[22]谢开贵,易开,夏天,等.面向开关的配电网可靠性评估算法[J].电力系统自动化, 2007, 31(16): 40-44.
[23]徐荆州,李扬.基于GO法的复杂配电系统可靠性评估[J].电工技术学报. 2007, 22(1): 149-152.
[24]杨斯奥.电力系统可靠性评估的等值方法[D].合肥工业大学, 2007: 14-15.
[25] BILLINTON R, WAMG P. Reliability Cost/Worth Assessment of Distribution Systems Incorporating Time-Varying Weather Conditions and Restoration Resources[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2002,17 (1):260-265.
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