基于ARM的电能质量分析系统的研究和实现
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摘要
随着现代工业的发展,大量的电力电子变流器和非线性负荷在电力系统中得到广泛的应用,但也由此带来了电能质量的严重下降。因此,对电网中的电压偏差,频率偏差,电网谐波等电能质量问题的分析和研究就显得十分的必要。
以往电能质量分析系统都是采用DSP作为主控芯片的。DSP是一种特别适合于进行数字信号处理运算的微处理器,但是在网络性和便捷性上存在一定的不足。软件系统的扩展十分不方便,驱动程序和文件系统都没办法加载,以至于很多功能没有办法完善,一旦程序修改,就需要把所有的代码重新编译。近年来,嵌入式系统成为电子产品设计领域最为热门的技术之一,目前广泛应用在工业控制,信息家电,电信设施等领域。嵌入式系统在网络和软件移植性方面具有很大的优势,特别是嵌入式系统能够植入操作系统,这在很大程度上弥补了先前一些电能质量分析系统的不足。本文以ARM9和Linux为开发平台,组建了一个电能质量分析系统。
本文首先对常用的电能质量各种指标以及测量算法进行了分析,特别是对谐波分析的几种算法进行了较为详细的讨论和比较。基于快速傅立叶变换的谐波测量方法是电力系统谐波分析中应用最为广泛的谐波分析方法,本文对其进行了较为详细的分析。该方法也有其固有的缺点,因此文章就该检测方法的一些不足也进行了比较详细的分析和论述,并且给出了相应的改善方法。
本文还提出采用以ARM9和Linux为开发平台构建电能质量分析系统。在硬件方面,该系统采用Samsung公司的S3C2410作为系统的CPU。各种外围芯片,如SDRAM,NOR Flash,串口,EEPROM,AD芯片等,为本系统提供了强大的硬件功能支持。在软件方面,编译了嵌入式操作系统Linux,完成了其在硬件系统上的移植,编写各种外围设备的驱动程序,使整个系统能够协调工作。最后,编写了相关应用程序,使整个系统具备数据采集,数据处理,数据存储和数据通讯四部分的功能。
总之,本文完成了一个基于ARM的电能质量分析系统,在嵌入式系统应用在电能质量分析系统领域,具有一定的代表性。
With the development of modern industry, power electronic converter and nonlinear load have witnessed wide applications in power system. However, this has also caused the deterioration of power quality. Therefore, it’s essential to conduct research and analysis on such issues as voltage and frequency deviation and harmonics in the power grid.
The previous power quality analysis system was mostly based on DSP chip. DSP chip is a kind of micro processor especially tailored for digital signal processing in spite of its shortages in term of network support and portability. Besides, it’s inconvenient to extend the software system and load drivers and file system, which in turn result in the incompleteness of its functionalities. Once a segment of code is revised, all the codes must be recompiled. Recently, the embedded systems have become the state of the art technology in the electronics. They are widely applied in industry control, intelligent household appliance, and telecommunication facilities. Embedded systems have great advantage in term of network and software transplantablity, especially for the reason that embedded systems can be implant into the operating systems, which to a great degree, offset the weakness of previous power quality analysis systems. This article builds up a power quality analysis system based on ARM9 and Linux platform.
Firstly, this article analyze the commonly used power quality performance indexes and related measurement algorithms, especially those algorithms on harmonic analysis. Harmonic measurement based on FFT has been the most widely used power harmonic analysis method in practice. This article has conducted a detailed analysis on this algorithm and put forward some improvements to make up for its shortcomings.
This article has also built up a power quality analysis system based on ARM9 and Linux platform. For the hardware part, the system chooses Samsung’s S3C2410 as its CPU. All kinds of peripheral chips, like SDRAM, NOR flash, serial ports, EEPROM, AD chips, provide powerful support for the system’s hardware versatility. For the software part, the author has compiled embedded Linux system and finished its hardware transplantation. All kinds of drivers have been written to support the peripheral devices in an attempt to coordinate the whole system. The rest of the work has been the programming of related programs to realize the data acquisition, processing, storage and communication functionalities.
In conclusion, this article has built up a power quality system, which is representative in of the application of embedded systems to the power quality analysis system.
以往电能质量分析系统都是采用DSP作为主控芯片的。DSP是一种特别适合于进行数字信号处理运算的微处理器,但是在网络性和便捷性上存在一定的不足。软件系统的扩展十分不方便,驱动程序和文件系统都没办法加载,以至于很多功能没有办法完善,一旦程序修改,就需要把所有的代码重新编译。近年来,嵌入式系统成为电子产品设计领域最为热门的技术之一,目前广泛应用在工业控制,信息家电,电信设施等领域。嵌入式系统在网络和软件移植性方面具有很大的优势,特别是嵌入式系统能够植入操作系统,这在很大程度上弥补了先前一些电能质量分析系统的不足。本文以ARM9和Linux为开发平台,组建了一个电能质量分析系统。
本文首先对常用的电能质量各种指标以及测量算法进行了分析,特别是对谐波分析的几种算法进行了较为详细的讨论和比较。基于快速傅立叶变换的谐波测量方法是电力系统谐波分析中应用最为广泛的谐波分析方法,本文对其进行了较为详细的分析。该方法也有其固有的缺点,因此文章就该检测方法的一些不足也进行了比较详细的分析和论述,并且给出了相应的改善方法。
本文还提出采用以ARM9和Linux为开发平台构建电能质量分析系统。在硬件方面,该系统采用Samsung公司的S3C2410作为系统的CPU。各种外围芯片,如SDRAM,NOR Flash,串口,EEPROM,AD芯片等,为本系统提供了强大的硬件功能支持。在软件方面,编译了嵌入式操作系统Linux,完成了其在硬件系统上的移植,编写各种外围设备的驱动程序,使整个系统能够协调工作。最后,编写了相关应用程序,使整个系统具备数据采集,数据处理,数据存储和数据通讯四部分的功能。
总之,本文完成了一个基于ARM的电能质量分析系统,在嵌入式系统应用在电能质量分析系统领域,具有一定的代表性。
With the development of modern industry, power electronic converter and nonlinear load have witnessed wide applications in power system. However, this has also caused the deterioration of power quality. Therefore, it’s essential to conduct research and analysis on such issues as voltage and frequency deviation and harmonics in the power grid.
The previous power quality analysis system was mostly based on DSP chip. DSP chip is a kind of micro processor especially tailored for digital signal processing in spite of its shortages in term of network support and portability. Besides, it’s inconvenient to extend the software system and load drivers and file system, which in turn result in the incompleteness of its functionalities. Once a segment of code is revised, all the codes must be recompiled. Recently, the embedded systems have become the state of the art technology in the electronics. They are widely applied in industry control, intelligent household appliance, and telecommunication facilities. Embedded systems have great advantage in term of network and software transplantablity, especially for the reason that embedded systems can be implant into the operating systems, which to a great degree, offset the weakness of previous power quality analysis systems. This article builds up a power quality analysis system based on ARM9 and Linux platform.
Firstly, this article analyze the commonly used power quality performance indexes and related measurement algorithms, especially those algorithms on harmonic analysis. Harmonic measurement based on FFT has been the most widely used power harmonic analysis method in practice. This article has conducted a detailed analysis on this algorithm and put forward some improvements to make up for its shortcomings.
This article has also built up a power quality analysis system based on ARM9 and Linux platform. For the hardware part, the system chooses Samsung’s S3C2410 as its CPU. All kinds of peripheral chips, like SDRAM, NOR flash, serial ports, EEPROM, AD chips, provide powerful support for the system’s hardware versatility. For the software part, the author has compiled embedded Linux system and finished its hardware transplantation. All kinds of drivers have been written to support the peripheral devices in an attempt to coordinate the whole system. The rest of the work has been the programming of related programs to realize the data acquisition, processing, storage and communication functionalities.
In conclusion, this article has built up a power quality system, which is representative in of the application of embedded systems to the power quality analysis system.
引文
[1] 肖湘宁,电能质量分析与控制,北京:中国电力出版社,2004,24-61
[2] 孙天泽,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南,北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[3] Samsung Inc.,S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User Manual, 2003
[4] 曹昕鸷,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统在电力谐波检测分析中的作用,[学位论文],浙江大学,2006
[5] 祁才君,陈隆道,王小海,应用插值 FFT 精确估计电网谐波参数,浙江大学学报,2003.1,113-114
[6] 程乾生,数字信号处理,北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[7] 程少龙,Linux 设备驱动程序开发和研究,[学位论文],中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2001.3
[8] 莫昕,童陆园,电能质量在线分析仪的研制,电力自动化设备,2003.23.1, 58-59
[9] 潘朝洪,金心宇,加窗傅立叶和小波变换在电能质量分析中的综合应用,江南大学学报,2007.6.4,403-408
[10] 田泽,ARM9 嵌入式 Linux 开发实验与实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[11] Santoso Surya,PowersEJ,GradyWM,etal,Power Quality Assessment vis Wavelet Transform Analysis.IEEE Transon.Power Delivery,1996.11(2),924-930
[12] 邵如平,韩正伟,林锦国,电能质量指标分析,电力系统及其自动化学报,2007.
[13] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构和编程,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[14] 陈晓平,基于嵌入式的电能质量监测系统的研究和应用,[学位论文], 湖南大学,2006
[15] 庞浩,李冬霞,应用 FFT 进行电力系统谐波分析的改进算法,中国电机工程学报,2003.23(6),50-54
[16] 刘森,蔡春隶,沈卓立,嵌入式系统开发平台的构建和实现,电子产品世界,2002.11,63-64
[17] 潘兰兰,电能质量分析仪的研究,[学位论文],华中科技大学,2005
[18] 张斌,刘小川,许之晗,基于变换的电能质量分析方法,电网技术,2001.25(1),26-27
[19] 粟时平,郑小平,金维宇,电力系统谐波监测方法及其实现技术的发展,电气开关,2004.1
[20] 张伏生,电力系统谐波分析的高精度 FFT 算法,中国电机工程学报,1999.19(3)
[21] 张利敏,丁坚勇,嵌入式技术在电力系统中的应用,继电器,2002.3,43-46
[22] G.T.Herdt.A new method for the calculation of subtransmission and distribution system transient based on FFT.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989.4(3), 1869-1874
[23] 姚放吾,嵌入式系统的硬件/软件协同设计,微计算机信息,2001.3
[24] 李驹光,聂雪媛,王兆卫,ARM 应用系统开发详解,清华大学出版社,2003
[25] Sophocles J.Orfanidis , Introduction to Signal Processing , Prentice Hall International,Inc,1998
[26] 文康珍,黎文安,谭子求等,基于嵌入式处理器的电力谐波多功能实时分析系统,工业仪表与自动化装置,2003.4,26-28
[27] 郑宇斌,基于嵌入式网络通信的电能质量遥测系统,[学位论文],浙江大学,2002
[28] Robeiro P F. Wavelet Transform: A Advanced Tool for Analyzing Non-Stationary Harmonic Distortions in Power System,Processing of IEEE ICHPS VI. Bologna(Italy),1994,365-369
[29] 谢明,丁康,频谱分析的校正方法,振动工程学报,1994.7(2),172-173
[30] 陈丽娟,嵌入式智能仪器基本系统设计和实现,[学位论文],南京师范大学,2003
[31] 程浩忠,电力系统谐波技术,上海交通大学出版社,1998
[2] 孙天泽,嵌入式设计及 Linux 驱动开发指南,北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[3] Samsung Inc.,S3C2410X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor User Manual, 2003
[4] 曹昕鸷,基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统在电力谐波检测分析中的作用,[学位论文],浙江大学,2006
[5] 祁才君,陈隆道,王小海,应用插值 FFT 精确估计电网谐波参数,浙江大学学报,2003.1,113-114
[6] 程乾生,数字信号处理,北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[7] 程少龙,Linux 设备驱动程序开发和研究,[学位论文],中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2001.3
[8] 莫昕,童陆园,电能质量在线分析仪的研制,电力自动化设备,2003.23.1, 58-59
[9] 潘朝洪,金心宇,加窗傅立叶和小波变换在电能质量分析中的综合应用,江南大学学报,2007.6.4,403-408
[10] 田泽,ARM9 嵌入式 Linux 开发实验与实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[11] Santoso Surya,PowersEJ,GradyWM,etal,Power Quality Assessment vis Wavelet Transform Analysis.IEEE Transon.Power Delivery,1996.11(2),924-930
[12] 邵如平,韩正伟,林锦国,电能质量指标分析,电力系统及其自动化学报,2007.
[13] 杜春雷,ARM 体系结构和编程,北京,清华大学出版社,2003
[14] 陈晓平,基于嵌入式的电能质量监测系统的研究和应用,[学位论文], 湖南大学,2006
[15] 庞浩,李冬霞,应用 FFT 进行电力系统谐波分析的改进算法,中国电机工程学报,2003.23(6),50-54
[16] 刘森,蔡春隶,沈卓立,嵌入式系统开发平台的构建和实现,电子产品世界,2002.11,63-64
[17] 潘兰兰,电能质量分析仪的研究,[学位论文],华中科技大学,2005
[18] 张斌,刘小川,许之晗,基于变换的电能质量分析方法,电网技术,2001.25(1),26-27
[19] 粟时平,郑小平,金维宇,电力系统谐波监测方法及其实现技术的发展,电气开关,2004.1
[20] 张伏生,电力系统谐波分析的高精度 FFT 算法,中国电机工程学报,1999.19(3)
[21] 张利敏,丁坚勇,嵌入式技术在电力系统中的应用,继电器,2002.3,43-46
[22] G.T.Herdt.A new method for the calculation of subtransmission and distribution system transient based on FFT.IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,1989.4(3), 1869-1874
[23] 姚放吾,嵌入式系统的硬件/软件协同设计,微计算机信息,2001.3
[24] 李驹光,聂雪媛,王兆卫,ARM 应用系统开发详解,清华大学出版社,2003
[25] Sophocles J.Orfanidis , Introduction to Signal Processing , Prentice Hall International,Inc,1998
[26] 文康珍,黎文安,谭子求等,基于嵌入式处理器的电力谐波多功能实时分析系统,工业仪表与自动化装置,2003.4,26-28
[27] 郑宇斌,基于嵌入式网络通信的电能质量遥测系统,[学位论文],浙江大学,2002
[28] Robeiro P F. Wavelet Transform: A Advanced Tool for Analyzing Non-Stationary Harmonic Distortions in Power System,Processing of IEEE ICHPS VI. Bologna(Italy),1994,365-369
[29] 谢明,丁康,频谱分析的校正方法,振动工程学报,1994.7(2),172-173
[30] 陈丽娟,嵌入式智能仪器基本系统设计和实现,[学位论文],南京师范大学,2003
[31] 程浩忠,电力系统谐波技术,上海交通大学出版社,1998