网络化油水含量测试系统的研究
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摘要
油水分相含量在石油工业中是一个重要参数,直接影响油的质量,破坏电脱水器中电场,降低脱水效果,给原油集输造成很大能源浪费。但由于油水两相流流动体系极为复杂,致使水分含量测量难度较大,因此,油水分相含量的实时准确测量成为石油行业中亟待解决的问题。
本文以含水原油为研究对象,在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对现有的几种原油含水率测试方法进行了归纳总结和比较,分析了各种测试方法的基本原理、应用范围和优缺点,并结合我国原油高粘度和高含水率的特点,采用了一种适用于测量输油管道内油水百分含量的波导测量方法,该方法是在输油管道内由发射线圈发射一定频率的电磁波,在两接收线圈端检测出电磁播的相位偏移,根据相位偏移和油、水介电常数的差异,从而实现油水百分含量的测量。
在测量系统中,设计了80MHz的高频电磁波产生和放大电路,并将所产生电磁信号提供给发射线圈,用相位偏移检测电路测量出两接收线圈的相位偏移电压,应用MSP430F149单片机内置的A/D对相位偏移电压和温度传感器进行数据采集和处理后得到油水百分含量。在网络系统中,发射天线发送经过编码器编码后的测量数据,接收电路将接收到的数据进行解码,通过AT89S51及显示电路显示出所测原油含水率的值,并通过串行数据接口将所接收到的数据传到PC机上以实现网络化。通过系统的软硬件调试和实验证明了采用波导测量输油管道内油水百分含量方法的可行性。避免了电导率对测量结果的影响,具有0～100%的测量范围,电路集成度高,低功耗,携带方便,能够实现测量数据的网络化,适合原油含水率的野外测量。
The oil-water content is a key parameter in petroleum industry. The inaccurate measure of the oil-water content directly affects the quality of oil, destroy the electrical field in the electric dehydrator, lowers the dewatering effect, results in energy waste. However, it is difficult to measure the oil-water content owing to the inherent complexity of the two-phase flow. So the on-line and accurate measurement of the oil-water content is an imminent demand for petroleum industry.
The measurement object of the research in this paper is the crude oil with water content. Through studying the domestic and international related documents, the existing several test methods of water content of crude oil are summarized and compared. The basic principle, application, merits and shortcomings are analyzed. According to the feature of high viscosity and high water content of our country's crude oil, the method of applying wave guide is selected to measure the water content of pipeline in this paper. According the principles of wave guide to measure the oil-water content, Launch coil provides a certain frequency of electromagnetic waves in the oil pipeline. It can be measured by the phasic attenuation of two receivers, then it can calculate the oil-water content by the difference of phasic attenuation of electromagnetic wave and the dielectric constant of oil-water mixture.
At measurement system, The circuits of producing and magnifying 80MHz signal and testing the phase difference are designed, then electromagnetic signal is provided to the launch coil, the phasic attenuation of two receivers can be measured by detection circuit of phasic attenuation. A/D in MSP430F149 single-chip can be applied to the phasic attenuation and temperature, after the data sample and processing, the oil-water content will be achieve.In network system, Launcher sends out the measured data which is encoded, The receiving circuit will receive the data and decode, through AT89S51 and display circuit shows the measured oil-water content, The received data can be transmitted to PC by serial data interface to carry out network. By a system of hardware and software debugging and experimental work,it is proved that wave guide to measure the oil-water content is feasibility. It can overcome the effect of electrical conductivity, measure from 0 to 100%, reflect integration, low power, portable, achieve measured data network and be suitable for the measurement of oil-water content in field.
本文以含水原油为研究对象,在参阅国内外相关文献的基础上,对现有的几种原油含水率测试方法进行了归纳总结和比较,分析了各种测试方法的基本原理、应用范围和优缺点,并结合我国原油高粘度和高含水率的特点,采用了一种适用于测量输油管道内油水百分含量的波导测量方法,该方法是在输油管道内由发射线圈发射一定频率的电磁波,在两接收线圈端检测出电磁播的相位偏移,根据相位偏移和油、水介电常数的差异,从而实现油水百分含量的测量。
在测量系统中,设计了80MHz的高频电磁波产生和放大电路,并将所产生电磁信号提供给发射线圈,用相位偏移检测电路测量出两接收线圈的相位偏移电压,应用MSP430F149单片机内置的A/D对相位偏移电压和温度传感器进行数据采集和处理后得到油水百分含量。在网络系统中,发射天线发送经过编码器编码后的测量数据,接收电路将接收到的数据进行解码,通过AT89S51及显示电路显示出所测原油含水率的值,并通过串行数据接口将所接收到的数据传到PC机上以实现网络化。通过系统的软硬件调试和实验证明了采用波导测量输油管道内油水百分含量方法的可行性。避免了电导率对测量结果的影响,具有0～100%的测量范围,电路集成度高,低功耗,携带方便,能够实现测量数据的网络化,适合原油含水率的野外测量。
The oil-water content is a key parameter in petroleum industry. The inaccurate measure of the oil-water content directly affects the quality of oil, destroy the electrical field in the electric dehydrator, lowers the dewatering effect, results in energy waste. However, it is difficult to measure the oil-water content owing to the inherent complexity of the two-phase flow. So the on-line and accurate measurement of the oil-water content is an imminent demand for petroleum industry.
The measurement object of the research in this paper is the crude oil with water content. Through studying the domestic and international related documents, the existing several test methods of water content of crude oil are summarized and compared. The basic principle, application, merits and shortcomings are analyzed. According to the feature of high viscosity and high water content of our country's crude oil, the method of applying wave guide is selected to measure the water content of pipeline in this paper. According the principles of wave guide to measure the oil-water content, Launch coil provides a certain frequency of electromagnetic waves in the oil pipeline. It can be measured by the phasic attenuation of two receivers, then it can calculate the oil-water content by the difference of phasic attenuation of electromagnetic wave and the dielectric constant of oil-water mixture.
At measurement system, The circuits of producing and magnifying 80MHz signal and testing the phase difference are designed, then electromagnetic signal is provided to the launch coil, the phasic attenuation of two receivers can be measured by detection circuit of phasic attenuation. A/D in MSP430F149 single-chip can be applied to the phasic attenuation and temperature, after the data sample and processing, the oil-water content will be achieve.In network system, Launcher sends out the measured data which is encoded, The receiving circuit will receive the data and decode, through AT89S51 and display circuit shows the measured oil-water content, The received data can be transmitted to PC by serial data interface to carry out network. By a system of hardware and software debugging and experimental work,it is proved that wave guide to measure the oil-water content is feasibility. It can overcome the effect of electrical conductivity, measure from 0 to 100%, reflect integration, low power, portable, achieve measured data network and be suitable for the measurement of oil-water content in field.
引文
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[2]张乃禄,薛朝妹,徐竟天等.原油含水率测量技术及其进展.计量技术,2005,5(6):26-28.
[3]张丽娜.油水两相水平管流动规律研究:(硕士学位论文).南充:南石油学院,2005.
[4]Plaskowski A B,Beck M S,Krawaczynski J S Flow imaging for muti-component flow measurement.Trans Inst Meas control,1987,9(2):108-112.
[5]潘兆柏,孙笑非.密度法油井计量技术的应用与实践.计量技术,1995,6(2):14-17.
[6]庞彦斌.密度法测量原油含水率的误筹分析.石油大学学报,1994,18(6):418.
[7]王国庆.用蒸馏法和卡尔费休法测量原油含水率的比较.国外油田工程,1997,31-32.
[8]热孜万古丽.阿布拉.现场离心法测定原油含水量的方法探析.新疆石油管理局准东勘探开发公司油田研究所化验室,2006,(2):86-87.
[9]Brown E R,McMahon O B,Murphy T J,et al.Wide-Band Radiometry for Remote Sensing of Oil Films on Water.IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory And Techniques,1998,46(12):1989-1996.
[10]王玉田,杨莹,王莉田,铁勇.差动电荷转移式原油含水率测量仪的研究.1999,4.
[11]黄正华.电容传感器的敏感探头.仪表技术与传感器,1996,2(5):14-16.
[12]李伟波.基于电导式传感器的油水两相流相含率测量研究.Proceeding of ICEM'2000:756-760.
[13]凌玉华,杨欣荣,孙克辉,刘连浩.射频法重油含水率测量仪的研究.仪器仪表学报,20(4):380-382.
[14]李志茂.基于微波透射法测量油水两相流分相含率的实验研究:(硕十学位论文).杭州:浙江大学,2006.
[15]王得志,甘金颖,王德毓.短波比较型原油含水测量仪.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2004,23(3):365-367.
[16]赵千锁,徐伟.短波原油含水监测仪及其应用.化工自动化及仪表,1996,23(1):60-62.
[17]仝志民.同轴线相位法含水率计解释方法的研究:(硕士学位论文).大庆:大庆石油学院,2003.
[18]孟祥军,王进旗.同轴线传感器优化设计.大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(4):76-79,97,134.
[19]王进旗,强锡富,于英华.基于相位法原油含水率仪的实验研究.计量学报,2004,25(4):366-368.
[20]胡永新.新型含水分析仪在原油含水测量中的应用.石油规划设计,2003,14(4):41-42.
[21]吴锡令.波导测量方法及其可行性研究.测井技术,1998,22(6):416-419.
[22]赵姚同,周希朗.微波技术与天线.南京:东南大学出版社,2003.
[23]王进旗,张锡富.新型油井含水率测量仪的研制.仪表技术与传感器,2003,(7):10-17.
[24]韩瑨彬,王广忠,陈庆新等.超高频电磁波找水技术.大庆石油地质与开发,2003,22(2):64-66
[25]刘俊,张斌珍.微弱信号检测技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[26]黄正华.油水混合介质相对介电常数的研究.油气田地面工程,2000,19(2):8-10.
[27]任伟,赵家升.电磁场与微波技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[28]张瑜,郝文辉,高金辉.微波技术及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.
[29]雷振亚.射频/微波电路导论.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.
[30]Brauner N.,Moalem Maron.Stability Analysis of Stratified Liquid-Liquid Flow.Int.J.Multiphase Flow.1992,18(1):103-121.
[31]Angeli P.,Hewitt G.F.Flow Structure in Horizontal Oil-Water Flows.Int.J.Multiphase Flow.2000,26:1117-1140.
[32]Szabo.P.,Hassager.O.Displacement of one Newtonian fluid by another:density effects in axial annular flow.Int.J.Multiphase Flow.1997,23(1):113-129.
[33]Lum.J.Y.L,Lovick.J,Angeli.P.Dual continuous horizontal and low inclination two-phase liquid flows.The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering.2004,83(2):303-315.
[34]任吉林,林俊明,高春法.电磁检测.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[35]J.A.Saxton,Ph.D.,B.Sc.,J.A.Lane,B.Sc.Electrical Properties of Sea Water.Wireless Engineer,1952,4(10):269-275.
[36]Lamkaouchi K,Ellison W J,Moreau J M.Water:A Dielectric Reference.Journal of Molecular Liquids,1996,68(2):171-279.
[37]Trallero,J.L,Sarica C,Brhll J P.A study of oil-water flow patterns in horizontal pipes.Tech.Conf.and Exhibition,USA,1996:363-375.
[38]沈明新.智能化石油含水测量仪.自动化仪表,1995,10(3):7-10.
[39]郑珍,王海,周渭等.AD8302型相位差测量系统的设计.电子科技,2005,11(194):48-52.
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