当代建筑创作的功利性研究
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摘要
建筑创作作为建筑师的能动行为,带有明确的主体性和目的性,是建筑师职业自我价值实现的主要手段,同样也是在市场中获取自身生存与发展资源的手段。功利性源自主体自身的需求欲望,带有明显的趋乐避苦特征,而功利价值作为创作主体的基础需求内容,对创作行为也有着积极的能动作用以及消极的价值泛化风险。在当代社会市场经济中,建筑成为商品,成为社会经济发展以及市场主体获取资源的重要物质载体,建筑师、政府、开发商、社会大众等多元主体都在建筑价值的生成过程中最大化地争取自身利益和价值,进而在功利性影响下,建筑创作呈现出“效益个体化”、“权利断裂化”、“表意形式化”等异化的价值特征。而这不仅仅是市场环境等创作外部环境机制不完善的弊端,更反映出建筑师职业责任意识缺乏、创作过程理性判断失衡、建筑价值接受与评价失范的创作内部自律机制的失调,这也在一定程度上带来了当前我国建筑品质提升困难的窘境。
功利性作为市场活力的动力基础,刺激了主体能动性的发挥,带动了整体经济和城市建设水平的提升,具有普遍性和广泛性。我们不可单纯对其加以彻底否定,但更不能由其毫无约束的任意发展。因此,对其我们更应采取批判性的扬弃态度,以倡导良好价值观和整体性、公平性、公正性的主体行为。倡导从建筑师自身出发,探讨在异化的市场竞争和片面的接受视野等不利创作环境中提升建筑品质的有效方法。促进相关规范和体制的完善,使功利性能够走出个体的利己主义困境,进入一个良性的主体需求与社会需求的平衡轨道上,这也是本文对功利性研究的基本立场和原则态度。
本文从探索建筑创作主体的价值观、创作观出发,致力于寻找功利性与建筑创作的价值平衡点,试图构建相对合理的创作体系,以破解现实困境。本文的讨论不仅具有现实意义,而且这种苦涩的讨论也是一种艰难的自我反思、矫正与突破的过程,对于提升建筑师的创作积极性、社会责任感、道德伦理意识,对于提高我国建筑创作的整体水平、保障和提升建筑品质有着积极的理论意义和实际应用价值。
本论文的研究内容分为四个部分。
第一部分,功利与功利性概念解析。从宏观上阐述功利与功利性的价值内涵,阐释作为功利性逻辑起点的功利需求的基本特征、功利价值的衡量尺度和实现过程,以及与功利性生成、发展、制约相关的影响因素。
第二部分,创作的功利性表征。从建筑创作中的利益诉求、权利轨迹和声望判断三种功利价值问题入手,阐述创作层面、服务层面以及价值接受层面的功利性现象,以及多元主体价值观层面的功利性取向。
第三部分,功利性反思。以建筑价值创造与接受的整体过程为基础,从制度层面的创作环境机制、价值观层面的道德选择、理性判断及文化认同四部分内容,反思和分析建筑创作的功利性形成、发展、异化的外部因素和内部动因。
第四部分,创作的功利性应对体系建构。从创作的外部环境机制调控,行业价值观调适以及实践策略调和三个层面对功利性与建筑创作的应对关系进行探讨,通过外部规范策略、价值观策略和实践策略试图构建一种合理的整体性应对与调适体系,以应对建筑创作中存在的功利性问题,返还建筑创作的合理性与有效性。
As architect’s active behavior, architecture creation has clear subjectivity and purpose. It’s a main mean of self-worth value realization and means of livelihood for their own survival and development in the market for professional architects. Utilitarian comes from subject’s need desire and has a clear characteristic which trend to happy and avoid pain. As a basis need content of creation subjects, utility value not only plays a positive role for creative act but also can take a negative generalization risk to creation value. In contemporary social economy market, building becomes a commodity and main material carrier for social economic development and market subjects to get resources. Multiple subjects include architects, government, developers, general public etc. obtain their own maximum interests in the process of buliding value generated, and then under the utilitarian influence, the architecture creation also shows the generalization and alienation action characteristics of "individual benefit", "fracture of the right" and "ideographic formal", etc. This is not just the defects of the creation external environment such as market mechanisms imperfection, also reflects the disorder of creation internal self-discipline which shows the lack of architects’professional responsibility, the imbalance of rational judgments in creation process, and the anomie of the value acceptance and value evaluation. In a certain extent, it also causes the dilemma of difficulties to enhance the contemporary building quality.
As the basis power of market vitality, utilitarian stimulates the playing of subject activity, drives the level raise of economy and urban construction overall. So the utilitarian has an universal and extensive side, we can’t simply negate it or arbitrarily develop it, but we could not let it develop without any restrictions either. Therefore we should need a critically attitude to accept the active value, sparkplug excellent values and subject behavior of integrity, fairness, and impartiality. We advocate that architects discuss the effective ways from self-starting to improve the architecture quality under the adverse creation environment such as alienated market competition and partial acceptance view, to promote relevant norm institutions’improvement and make utilitarian get out the individual self-interest plight and go on a healthy balance orbit between subject demands and social needs. This also is the basic position and principles about utility in our thesis.
This thesis base on exploring the values and creation view? of architectural subject, try to find the value balance between utilitarian and architectural creation, and create relatively reasonable creation system to solve the practical difficulties. This thesis’discussion not only has practical significance, this bitter discussion also is a difficulty process for self-reflection, correction and breakthrough, which has a positive theoretical significance and practical value for improving the architect's creative initiative, social responsibility and ethical sense, either for improving our overall design level, and protecting the architecture quality.
The thesis is divided into four parts.
The first part is the concept analysis for utility and utilitarian, include in explaining the value content of utility and utilitarian at the macro level, and elaborating the basic characteristics of utilitarian demand, measure of utilitarian value and implementation process, the related influencing factors for utilitarian generation and development.
The second part is the utilitarian characterization. From three utilitarian value problems include the demands of architectural creation, the right trajectory and reputation judge, to elaborate the utilitarian characterization and the utilitarian orientation of multiple subjects in the design side, the service side and the acceptable side.
The third part is utilitarian reflection. Based on the integration process of architectural value creation and acceptance, from four parts include creative environmental mechanisms in institutional aspects, moral choice in Values dimension, rational judgments and cultural identity, external factors and internal motivation of utilitarian formation, development, alienation in architecture creation are reflected and analyzed.
The fourth part is the response system for utilitarian. From three aspects include the regulating of external environment mechanisms for architecture creation, profession value adjustment and practical strategies reconcile, this part discussed the coping relationship between utilitarian and architectural creation. Through external specification strategy, values strategy and practices strategy, a reasonable response and adaptive system is constructed for solving the utilitarian problems which exist in architecture design and returning the reasonable and effectiveness in architecture creation.
功利性作为市场活力的动力基础,刺激了主体能动性的发挥,带动了整体经济和城市建设水平的提升,具有普遍性和广泛性。我们不可单纯对其加以彻底否定,但更不能由其毫无约束的任意发展。因此,对其我们更应采取批判性的扬弃态度,以倡导良好价值观和整体性、公平性、公正性的主体行为。倡导从建筑师自身出发,探讨在异化的市场竞争和片面的接受视野等不利创作环境中提升建筑品质的有效方法。促进相关规范和体制的完善,使功利性能够走出个体的利己主义困境,进入一个良性的主体需求与社会需求的平衡轨道上,这也是本文对功利性研究的基本立场和原则态度。
本文从探索建筑创作主体的价值观、创作观出发,致力于寻找功利性与建筑创作的价值平衡点,试图构建相对合理的创作体系,以破解现实困境。本文的讨论不仅具有现实意义,而且这种苦涩的讨论也是一种艰难的自我反思、矫正与突破的过程,对于提升建筑师的创作积极性、社会责任感、道德伦理意识,对于提高我国建筑创作的整体水平、保障和提升建筑品质有着积极的理论意义和实际应用价值。
本论文的研究内容分为四个部分。
第一部分,功利与功利性概念解析。从宏观上阐述功利与功利性的价值内涵,阐释作为功利性逻辑起点的功利需求的基本特征、功利价值的衡量尺度和实现过程,以及与功利性生成、发展、制约相关的影响因素。
第二部分,创作的功利性表征。从建筑创作中的利益诉求、权利轨迹和声望判断三种功利价值问题入手,阐述创作层面、服务层面以及价值接受层面的功利性现象,以及多元主体价值观层面的功利性取向。
第三部分,功利性反思。以建筑价值创造与接受的整体过程为基础,从制度层面的创作环境机制、价值观层面的道德选择、理性判断及文化认同四部分内容,反思和分析建筑创作的功利性形成、发展、异化的外部因素和内部动因。
第四部分,创作的功利性应对体系建构。从创作的外部环境机制调控,行业价值观调适以及实践策略调和三个层面对功利性与建筑创作的应对关系进行探讨,通过外部规范策略、价值观策略和实践策略试图构建一种合理的整体性应对与调适体系,以应对建筑创作中存在的功利性问题,返还建筑创作的合理性与有效性。
As architect’s active behavior, architecture creation has clear subjectivity and purpose. It’s a main mean of self-worth value realization and means of livelihood for their own survival and development in the market for professional architects. Utilitarian comes from subject’s need desire and has a clear characteristic which trend to happy and avoid pain. As a basis need content of creation subjects, utility value not only plays a positive role for creative act but also can take a negative generalization risk to creation value. In contemporary social economy market, building becomes a commodity and main material carrier for social economic development and market subjects to get resources. Multiple subjects include architects, government, developers, general public etc. obtain their own maximum interests in the process of buliding value generated, and then under the utilitarian influence, the architecture creation also shows the generalization and alienation action characteristics of "individual benefit", "fracture of the right" and "ideographic formal", etc. This is not just the defects of the creation external environment such as market mechanisms imperfection, also reflects the disorder of creation internal self-discipline which shows the lack of architects’professional responsibility, the imbalance of rational judgments in creation process, and the anomie of the value acceptance and value evaluation. In a certain extent, it also causes the dilemma of difficulties to enhance the contemporary building quality.
As the basis power of market vitality, utilitarian stimulates the playing of subject activity, drives the level raise of economy and urban construction overall. So the utilitarian has an universal and extensive side, we can’t simply negate it or arbitrarily develop it, but we could not let it develop without any restrictions either. Therefore we should need a critically attitude to accept the active value, sparkplug excellent values and subject behavior of integrity, fairness, and impartiality. We advocate that architects discuss the effective ways from self-starting to improve the architecture quality under the adverse creation environment such as alienated market competition and partial acceptance view, to promote relevant norm institutions’improvement and make utilitarian get out the individual self-interest plight and go on a healthy balance orbit between subject demands and social needs. This also is the basic position and principles about utility in our thesis.
This thesis base on exploring the values and creation view? of architectural subject, try to find the value balance between utilitarian and architectural creation, and create relatively reasonable creation system to solve the practical difficulties. This thesis’discussion not only has practical significance, this bitter discussion also is a difficulty process for self-reflection, correction and breakthrough, which has a positive theoretical significance and practical value for improving the architect's creative initiative, social responsibility and ethical sense, either for improving our overall design level, and protecting the architecture quality.
The thesis is divided into four parts.
The first part is the concept analysis for utility and utilitarian, include in explaining the value content of utility and utilitarian at the macro level, and elaborating the basic characteristics of utilitarian demand, measure of utilitarian value and implementation process, the related influencing factors for utilitarian generation and development.
The second part is the utilitarian characterization. From three utilitarian value problems include the demands of architectural creation, the right trajectory and reputation judge, to elaborate the utilitarian characterization and the utilitarian orientation of multiple subjects in the design side, the service side and the acceptable side.
The third part is utilitarian reflection. Based on the integration process of architectural value creation and acceptance, from four parts include creative environmental mechanisms in institutional aspects, moral choice in Values dimension, rational judgments and cultural identity, external factors and internal motivation of utilitarian formation, development, alienation in architecture creation are reflected and analyzed.
The fourth part is the response system for utilitarian. From three aspects include the regulating of external environment mechanisms for architecture creation, profession value adjustment and practical strategies reconcile, this part discussed the coping relationship between utilitarian and architectural creation. Through external specification strategy, values strategy and practices strategy, a reasonable response and adaptive system is constructed for solving the utilitarian problems which exist in architecture design and returning the reasonable and effectiveness in architecture creation.
引文
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