基于断层距的地震烈度衰减关系研究
|
摘要
地震烈度衰减关系是进行地震灾害评估、地震预警烈度估算以及结构物地震破坏机理和抗震措施研究的重要基础。鉴于点源椭圆衰减模型在估计大地震的烈度影响场时往往存在较大偏差，本文以断层距为距离变量对地震烈度衰减模型开展了进一步的研究。
在总结和分析前人研究成果的基础上，本文开展的主要工作如下：
（1）搜集了我国大陆地区1913年-2010年6.5级以上，共54次地震的烈度等震线资料，提取了长短轴长度、断层破裂面面积等数据，建立了强震烈度等震线数据库；
（2）研究了国内外关于断层破裂长度的估算方法，对3种常见的破裂长度确定方法进行了阐述和对比分析。利用本文的等震线数据库建立了适用于中国的破裂长度-震级统计关系；
（3）介绍了可应用于基于断层距的地震衰减关系的统计回归方法。在前人研究基础上提出来一种改进的基于等效断层破裂长度和等效断层距的地震烈度衰减关系的建立方法。利用本文的数据库统计建立了中国大陆地区“基于断层距的地震烈度衰减关系”。
The seismic intensity attenuation relationship is a very important basicmaterial for earthquake disaster assessment, estimation of seismic intensityfor early warning and earthquake engineering research. For strongearthquake, the seismogenic fault of which is very long and can not beregarded as a point, so, the point source based seismic intensity ellipticalattenuation model will always over estimate the higher intensity area. In thispaper, a shortest distance to seismogenic fault based seismic intensityattenuation model was studied to overcome the shortage of the point sourcebased intensity elliptical attenuation model.
The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
1. The earthquakes which were occurred among the year of1913to2010and were from mainland China, the magnitude of which are all largerthan6.5were selected. The information which include the magnitude,intensity isoseismols, long axis’ length and short axis’ length etc of theseearthquakes were collected and a strong earthquake information databasewas constructed by this paper.
2. Previous research achivments of abroad and domestics about therupture length estimation methods were studied. So as to choose a methodwhich could be suit to our country, comparison was made between the mainthree estimation methods. As a result, a methed of Zhou(1987) wasrecommended by this paper to estimate the rupture length of Chinesemainland.
3. Statistical regression method which can be used to biuld the seismicintensity attenuation relationship was introduced. In the end, a shortestdistance to rupture based intensity attenuation relationship was constructedusing the data from the database that we made.
在总结和分析前人研究成果的基础上，本文开展的主要工作如下：
（1）搜集了我国大陆地区1913年-2010年6.5级以上，共54次地震的烈度等震线资料，提取了长短轴长度、断层破裂面面积等数据，建立了强震烈度等震线数据库；
（2）研究了国内外关于断层破裂长度的估算方法，对3种常见的破裂长度确定方法进行了阐述和对比分析。利用本文的等震线数据库建立了适用于中国的破裂长度-震级统计关系；
（3）介绍了可应用于基于断层距的地震衰减关系的统计回归方法。在前人研究基础上提出来一种改进的基于等效断层破裂长度和等效断层距的地震烈度衰减关系的建立方法。利用本文的数据库统计建立了中国大陆地区“基于断层距的地震烈度衰减关系”。
The seismic intensity attenuation relationship is a very important basicmaterial for earthquake disaster assessment, estimation of seismic intensityfor early warning and earthquake engineering research. For strongearthquake, the seismogenic fault of which is very long and can not beregarded as a point, so, the point source based seismic intensity ellipticalattenuation model will always over estimate the higher intensity area. In thispaper, a shortest distance to seismogenic fault based seismic intensityattenuation model was studied to overcome the shortage of the point sourcebased intensity elliptical attenuation model.
The main research contents and achievements are as follows:
1. The earthquakes which were occurred among the year of1913to2010and were from mainland China, the magnitude of which are all largerthan6.5were selected. The information which include the magnitude,intensity isoseismols, long axis’ length and short axis’ length etc of theseearthquakes were collected and a strong earthquake information databasewas constructed by this paper.
2. Previous research achivments of abroad and domestics about therupture length estimation methods were studied. So as to choose a methodwhich could be suit to our country, comparison was made between the mainthree estimation methods. As a result, a methed of Zhou(1987) wasrecommended by this paper to estimate the rupture length of Chinesemainland.
3. Statistical regression method which can be used to biuld the seismicintensity attenuation relationship was introduced. In the end, a shortestdistance to rupture based intensity attenuation relationship was constructedusing the data from the database that we made.
引文
[1]陈达生.地震引起的地表破裂长度与震级之间的经验关系[J].华北地震科学,1984.
[2]陈定国.断层与地震烈度的关系[J].华南地震,第二卷,第二期,1982,1:6.
[3]蔡辉腾,韦永祥,郑师春.福建及邻近地区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].地震研究,2008,31(1):20-26.
[4]崔鑫.华南地区地震烈度衰减模型的建立[J].华南地震,2010,30(2):61-66.
[5]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(1):31-42.
[6]高娜,贾军鹏,魏艳旭.地震灾害评估软件烈度衰减关系系数研究[J].华北地震科学,2012.30(1):6-11.
[7]国家地震局震害防御司编.中国近代强震目录（1912-1990）[M].地震出版社,1995.
[8]胡聿贤主编.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[9]胡聿贤著.地震工程学（第二版）[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.
[10]霍俊荣.近场强地面运动衰减规律的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989.
[11]陆远忠,沈建文.地震破裂过程的研究[J].地球物理学报,1980,23(2):156-171.
[12]龙锋,闻学泽,徐锡伟.华北地区地震活断层的震级—破裂长度、破裂面积的经验关系[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):511-535.
[13]李永强,龚强,王景来.基于GIS的数字等震线模型[J].地震研究,2006,29(4):401-406.
[14]李新乐,窦慧娟,朱晞等.近断层强震地面运动的幅值与持时特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(4):1-6.
[15]屈春燕,叶洪.利用GIS绘制综合等震线[J].地震地质,1999,21(2):156-158.
[16]沙海军,吕悦军,彭艳菊.测量等震线长短轴的拟合椭圆法及其Matlab语言实现[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2),2010:19-23.
[17]孙继浩.川滇及邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系的适用性研究[D].中国地震局地震预测研究所硕士学位论文.2011.
[18]沈建文,邱英,赵志贺.震级—破裂长度关系与断层破裂模型[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):242-248.
[19]沈大开,高德潜.改进的断层破裂长度衰减模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1987(2):69-77.
[20]孙继浩,帅向华.川滇及其邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(1):12-18.
[21]汪素云,俞言祥等.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定[J].中国地震,2000,16(2):99-106.
[22]王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所工学博士论文,2004.
[23]王继,俞言祥.华中、华南中强地震区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].震灾防御技术.2008,3(1):20-26.
[24]肖亮,俞言祥.中国西部地区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].震灾防御技术,2011,6(4):358-371.
[25]郁曙君.确定烈度衰减关系的椭圆投影两步拟合法[J].地震学报,1993,15(1):109-114.
[26]周锡元,苏经宁,王广军.以断层破裂震源模式为基础的烈度衰减规律[J].地震学报,1987,9(4):417-426.,[27]张晁军,李卫东,李大辉.由同震形变理论计算地震烈度分布的讨论[J].地震,2011,31(1):98-106.
[28]周中红,何少林,陈文凯.甘肃省地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(1):72-75.
[29]翟洪涛,刘欣,刘庆忠.江淮地区地震烈度衰减关系的研究[J].华北地震科学,2003,21(4):30-34.
[30]中国地震年鉴编辑部.中国地震年鉴(1991-2004)[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]中国地震局监测预报司编.中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编(1996-2000)[M].地震出版社,2001.
[32]中国地震局震灾应急救援司编.2001-2005年中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,2010.
[33]张扬,马干,史保平.华北地区烈度衰减模型建立及其用于震中区域和震级的定量估计[J].地震学报,2009,31(3):290-306.
[34] Bruce A Bolt著马杏垣等译.地震九讲[W].地震出版社.2000
[35] A.Der Kiureghian and A. H-S Ang. A fault-rupture model for seismic risk analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1977,67:1173-1194.
[36] BaiLing Wang, Diao GuiLing et al. Accurate Location of small earthquakes beforeZhangBei earthquake and aftershock sequence and discussion on the rupture’sdirection of main event[J]. Earthquake,2005,25(2):26-32.
[37] Bonilla M Mark, R Lienkaemper J. Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude,surface length and surface fault displacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,1984,74:2379-2411.
[38] Butler R, Stewart GS, Kanamori H. The July27,1976Tangshan china earthquake: acomplex sequence of intraplate events[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,1979,69(1):207-220.
[39] Cornell,C.A. Engineering seismic risk analysis[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1968,58:1583-1606.
[40] Chyi-Tyi Lee,Bow-Shan Hsieh,Chih-Hsuan Sung,and Po-Shen Lin.Regional AriasIntensity Attenuation Relationship for Taiwan Considering VS30[J]. Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America February2012.102(1):129-142.
[41] Chinnery M A. Earthquake magnitude and source parameters. Bull Seism SocAm,1969,59:1969-1982.
[42] Dario Albarello. D’Amico,Validation of Intensity Attenuation Relation[J]. Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America.2005,95(2):719-724.
[43] Donald L.Wells and Kevin J.Coppersmith. New Empirical Relationships amongMagnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width,Rupture Area,and SurfaceDisplacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.1994,84(40):974-1002.
[44] Fukushima,Y.(1997). Comment on Ground motion attenuation relation for subduction,zones Seism[J]. Res. Lett.1997,68(2):947-949.
[45] Fukushima,Y.and T.Tanaka(1990). A new attenuation relation for peak horizontalacceleration of strong ground motion in Japan[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,1990,80(3):757-783.
[46] Grocnhalgh S A.et al. Magnitude-intensity relations for Australian earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(1):374-379.
[47] Kanamori H and Anderson DC. Theoretical basis of some empirical relations inseismology[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65:1073-1096.
[48] Kiehwa Lee and Jung-Ki kim. Intensity Attenuation in the Sinokorean Craton[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2002,92(2):783-793.
[49] LopezCasado,C.S.MolinaPalacios,J.Delgado,J.A.Pelaez(2000).Attenuation of intensitywith epicentral distance in the Iberian Deninsula[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America.90:34-47.
[50] M.Bose,E.Hauksson,K.Solanki,H.Kannmori and T.H.Heaton. Real-time Testing ofthe on-site Warning Analgonthm in Southern California and Its Performance Duringthe July29.2008M5.4Chino Hills Earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letter,2009,36(4):100-112.
[51] Midorikawa,S.and Y.Ohtake(2003). Empirical analysis of variance of ground motionintensity in attenuation relationships[J]. Japan Assoc.Earthquake Eng.2003,3(1):59-70.
[52] Seno,T.K.Otsaki,and C-N,Yang. The1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earthquake:a subductionzone earthquake on land[J]. Bull.Earthquake Res.Inst,2000,75:57-77.
[53] Wilson,R.C.and K.Keefer. Predicting areal limits of earthquake-induced landsliding, inEvaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Regine[J]. US Geol. Surv. Profess.1985,1360:317-345.
[2]陈定国.断层与地震烈度的关系[J].华南地震,第二卷,第二期,1982,1:6.
[3]蔡辉腾,韦永祥,郑师春.福建及邻近地区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].地震研究,2008,31(1):20-26.
[4]崔鑫.华南地区地震烈度衰减模型的建立[J].华南地震,2010,30(2):61-66.
[5]陈达生,刘汉兴.地震烈度椭圆衰减关系[J].华北地震科学,1989,7(1):31-42.
[6]高娜,贾军鹏,魏艳旭.地震灾害评估软件烈度衰减关系系数研究[J].华北地震科学,2012.30(1):6-11.
[7]国家地震局震害防御司编.中国近代强震目录（1912-1990）[M].地震出版社,1995.
[8]胡聿贤主编.地震安全性评价技术教程[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[9]胡聿贤著.地震工程学（第二版）[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.
[10]霍俊荣.近场强地面运动衰减规律的研究[D].哈尔滨:国家地震局工程力学研究所,1989.
[11]陆远忠,沈建文.地震破裂过程的研究[J].地球物理学报,1980,23(2):156-171.
[12]龙锋,闻学泽,徐锡伟.华北地区地震活断层的震级—破裂长度、破裂面积的经验关系[J].地震地质,2006,28(4):511-535.
[13]李永强,龚强,王景来.基于GIS的数字等震线模型[J].地震研究,2006,29(4):401-406.
[14]李新乐,窦慧娟,朱晞等.近断层强震地面运动的幅值与持时特性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(4):1-6.
[15]屈春燕,叶洪.利用GIS绘制综合等震线[J].地震地质,1999,21(2):156-158.
[16]沙海军,吕悦军,彭艳菊.测量等震线长短轴的拟合椭圆法及其Matlab语言实现[J].地壳构造与地壳应力文集(2),2010:19-23.
[17]孙继浩.川滇及邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系的适用性研究[D].中国地震局地震预测研究所硕士学位论文.2011.
[18]沈建文,邱英,赵志贺.震级—破裂长度关系与断层破裂模型[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):242-248.
[19]沈大开,高德潜.改进的断层破裂长度衰减模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1987(2):69-77.
[20]孙继浩,帅向华.川滇及其邻区中强地震烈度衰减关系适用性研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2011,31(1):12-18.
[21]汪素云,俞言祥等.中国分区地震动衰减关系的确定[J].中国地震,2000,16(2):99-106.
[22]王海云.近场强地震动预测的有限断层震源模型[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所工学博士论文,2004.
[23]王继,俞言祥.华中、华南中强地震区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].震灾防御技术.2008,3(1):20-26.
[24]肖亮,俞言祥.中国西部地区地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].震灾防御技术,2011,6(4):358-371.
[25]郁曙君.确定烈度衰减关系的椭圆投影两步拟合法[J].地震学报,1993,15(1):109-114.
[26]周锡元,苏经宁,王广军.以断层破裂震源模式为基础的烈度衰减规律[J].地震学报,1987,9(4):417-426.,[27]张晁军,李卫东,李大辉.由同震形变理论计算地震烈度分布的讨论[J].地震,2011,31(1):98-106.
[28]周中红,何少林,陈文凯.甘肃省地震烈度衰减关系研究[J].西北地震学报,2010,32(1):72-75.
[29]翟洪涛,刘欣,刘庆忠.江淮地区地震烈度衰减关系的研究[J].华北地震科学,2003,21(4):30-34.
[30]中国地震年鉴编辑部.中国地震年鉴(1991-2004)[M].北京:地震出版社,2005.
[31]中国地震局监测预报司编.中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编(1996-2000)[M].地震出版社,2001.
[32]中国地震局震灾应急救援司编.2001-2005年中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编[M].北京:地震出版社,2010.
[33]张扬,马干,史保平.华北地区烈度衰减模型建立及其用于震中区域和震级的定量估计[J].地震学报,2009,31(3):290-306.
[34] Bruce A Bolt著马杏垣等译.地震九讲[W].地震出版社.2000
[35] A.Der Kiureghian and A. H-S Ang. A fault-rupture model for seismic risk analysis[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1977,67:1173-1194.
[36] BaiLing Wang, Diao GuiLing et al. Accurate Location of small earthquakes beforeZhangBei earthquake and aftershock sequence and discussion on the rupture’sdirection of main event[J]. Earthquake,2005,25(2):26-32.
[37] Bonilla M Mark, R Lienkaemper J. Statistical relations among earthquake magnitude,surface length and surface fault displacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,1984,74:2379-2411.
[38] Butler R, Stewart GS, Kanamori H. The July27,1976Tangshan china earthquake: acomplex sequence of intraplate events[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society ofAmerica,1979,69(1):207-220.
[39] Cornell,C.A. Engineering seismic risk analysis[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America,1968,58:1583-1606.
[40] Chyi-Tyi Lee,Bow-Shan Hsieh,Chih-Hsuan Sung,and Po-Shen Lin.Regional AriasIntensity Attenuation Relationship for Taiwan Considering VS30[J]. Bulletin of theSeismological Society of America February2012.102(1):129-142.
[41] Chinnery M A. Earthquake magnitude and source parameters. Bull Seism SocAm,1969,59:1969-1982.
[42] Dario Albarello. D’Amico,Validation of Intensity Attenuation Relation[J]. Bulletin ofthe Seismological Society of America.2005,95(2):719-724.
[43] Donald L.Wells and Kevin J.Coppersmith. New Empirical Relationships amongMagnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width,Rupture Area,and SurfaceDisplacement[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.1994,84(40):974-1002.
[44] Fukushima,Y.(1997). Comment on Ground motion attenuation relation for subduction,zones Seism[J]. Res. Lett.1997,68(2):947-949.
[45] Fukushima,Y.and T.Tanaka(1990). A new attenuation relation for peak horizontalacceleration of strong ground motion in Japan[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Societyof America,1990,80(3):757-783.
[46] Grocnhalgh S A.et al. Magnitude-intensity relations for Australian earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1988,78(1):374-379.
[47] Kanamori H and Anderson DC. Theoretical basis of some empirical relations inseismology[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1975,65:1073-1096.
[48] Kiehwa Lee and Jung-Ki kim. Intensity Attenuation in the Sinokorean Craton[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.2002,92(2):783-793.
[49] LopezCasado,C.S.MolinaPalacios,J.Delgado,J.A.Pelaez(2000).Attenuation of intensitywith epicentral distance in the Iberian Deninsula[J]. Bulletin of the SeismologicalSociety of America.90:34-47.
[50] M.Bose,E.Hauksson,K.Solanki,H.Kannmori and T.H.Heaton. Real-time Testing ofthe on-site Warning Analgonthm in Southern California and Its Performance Duringthe July29.2008M5.4Chino Hills Earthquake[J]. Geophysical Research Letter,2009,36(4):100-112.
[51] Midorikawa,S.and Y.Ohtake(2003). Empirical analysis of variance of ground motionintensity in attenuation relationships[J]. Japan Assoc.Earthquake Eng.2003,3(1):59-70.
[52] Seno,T.K.Otsaki,and C-N,Yang. The1999Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earthquake:a subductionzone earthquake on land[J]. Bull.Earthquake Res.Inst,2000,75:57-77.
[53] Wilson,R.C.and K.Keefer. Predicting areal limits of earthquake-induced landsliding, inEvaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Regine[J]. US Geol. Surv. Profess.1985,1360:317-345.