多元科学指标视角下的新兴研究领域识别探索
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摘要
由于科学的加速增长已经给人类社会带来了重要的影响,对于新兴研究领域的关注,已经不仅仅是科学家们的工作,其他各行各业的人们出于对科学技术的利用,也逐渐开始关注科学的发展,对新兴研究领域的研究已经成为各个国家科技与经济实力竞争的焦点。因此,识别新兴研究领域无论是对一国创新能力的提升和科技政策的制定,还是帮助科研人员识别本领域中的最新研究方向,都具有重要的意义。
本研究分别从科学计量学、科学增长的宏观理论、微观定量分析以及可视化识别的四种角度,及其相应的四种与识别新兴研究领域相关的基本思想,即普赖斯的科学前沿理论,库恩的科学发展模式,门纳德关于科学增长变化的探讨以及陈超美的研究前沿识别及可视化,建构了多视角识别新兴研究领域的理论框架,从主体和客体两个层面归纳出新兴研究领域的基本特征和过程特征。根据该理论构想,针对研究领域兴起的5个环节,即“科学家个体”、“主题词”、“文献”、“学科”以及“同行认可”,设计了“新作者数量”、“突现主题词共现”、“突现重要文献数量”、“引文年龄”、“学科跨度指数”、“基金资助项目数量”以及“基金项目资助额度”用于综合识别新兴研究领域的7个科学指标。
研究选取了“量子计算”、“RNA干扰”、“语义网”和“h指数及h类指数”四个新兴研究领域作为研究对象,前两项属于自然科学领域,后两项属于人文社会科学领域。为了研究结论的可靠性,本文还选取了一个衰退研究领域,即“冷聚变”,进行了相应的分析。结果显示,7个科学指标可以从新兴研究领域兴起的5个环节中,较好地识别出新兴研究领域。“突现主题词共现”在探测与识别某一新兴研究领域核心概念形成中起到基础作用。“突现重要文献数量”和“引文年龄”则可以标志新兴研究领域的发展成熟度。“新作者数量”、“学科跨度指数”、“基金资助项目数量”和“基金项目资助额度”则在反映研究领域的新兴程度、交叉程度及持续生命力方面起到支撑作用。
研究还总结了新兴研究领域形成过程的多元科学指标时序结构模式,一个研究领域的兴起与发展是由科学家,尤其是新兴科学家带动起来的,他们带来了许多新的科学想法,进而形成核心概念,并产生研究文献,有的文献对该领域的研究产生重要影响,从而成为重要文献,该领域在从最初的兴起向蓬勃发展的过渡中,吸引了来自多学科领域的科学家们进行更多的相关研究,体现出高度的学科交叉性,随后科学家们则倾向将研究理论投入实际应用,或者获得更多的资助来进行更深入的研究,表现为同行认可。
Since the acceleration of science brought significant influence to human society, the identification of emerging research trends is of key interest to diverse stakeholders, not only to scientists. Especially, the emerging research areas have become the competition focus of science, technology and economy of each countries worldwide. Hence, the identification of emerging research areas means much to the innovation capacity and science policy of one country, and helping scientists to recognize the newly research direction as well.
Based on four basic theories which are scientific fronts theory of Price, scientific development pattern of Kuhn, scientific growth and change research of Menard, and identification and visualization of scientific fronts of Chen, this study constructed the theoretical framework of identifying emerging research areas which is based on the summary the characteristics and the forming process and development of emerging research area from the level of research subject and object. These four basic theories are from different angles scientometrics. macro-theory, micro-quantification and visualization of scientific growth. According to this proposed theoretical conceptualization, this study designed seven science indicators to identify emerging research areas systematically, which is from the loops of individual, research topic, paper and peer review. They are "number of new author""co-occurrence of bursting topic words","bursting key references'","citation age""interdisciplinary","number of awards" and "amount of awards"
This study adopted four datasets of "Quantum Computation","RNA interference""Semantic Web" and "h index and h-type indices" research areas. The former two are from natural science and the latter two are from social science. Simultaneously, for the reliability of the conclusion, the dataset of "Cold Fusion" research area was also introduced here as a declined area which provided a comparative analysis. The results indicate that these seven science indicators can indentify emerging research areas from the five loops effectively. It should be noted that "co-occurrence of bursting topic words" can detect and identify the forming and shift of core concepts in emerging research areas precisely and play a basic role in this loop. The indicators of "number of bursting key references" and "citation age" can be viewed as indicating the mature of emerging research areas. The indicators of "number of new authors","interdisciplinarity"."number of awards" and "amount of awards" play the supportive roles in indicating the emerging, interdisciplinary and continous vitality of new research areas.
The temporal structure mode of multiple science indicators in the forming process of emerging research areas was proposed in this study. A certain research area is always driven up by scientists, especially those young scientists and they bring in fresh and diverse scientific idea which form the core concepts in later period. Furthermore, these core concepts are manifested by research literatures and some of them impact the areas quite a lot. which become the key references. This certain research area attracts many scientists from diverse background which proceed more relevant studies and shows very high interdisciplinarity. Afterwards, more scientists tend to apply their research into practice or gain more awards to demonstrate deep going studies which shows the highly agreement of peer reviews.
本研究分别从科学计量学、科学增长的宏观理论、微观定量分析以及可视化识别的四种角度,及其相应的四种与识别新兴研究领域相关的基本思想,即普赖斯的科学前沿理论,库恩的科学发展模式,门纳德关于科学增长变化的探讨以及陈超美的研究前沿识别及可视化,建构了多视角识别新兴研究领域的理论框架,从主体和客体两个层面归纳出新兴研究领域的基本特征和过程特征。根据该理论构想,针对研究领域兴起的5个环节,即“科学家个体”、“主题词”、“文献”、“学科”以及“同行认可”,设计了“新作者数量”、“突现主题词共现”、“突现重要文献数量”、“引文年龄”、“学科跨度指数”、“基金资助项目数量”以及“基金项目资助额度”用于综合识别新兴研究领域的7个科学指标。
研究选取了“量子计算”、“RNA干扰”、“语义网”和“h指数及h类指数”四个新兴研究领域作为研究对象,前两项属于自然科学领域,后两项属于人文社会科学领域。为了研究结论的可靠性,本文还选取了一个衰退研究领域,即“冷聚变”,进行了相应的分析。结果显示,7个科学指标可以从新兴研究领域兴起的5个环节中,较好地识别出新兴研究领域。“突现主题词共现”在探测与识别某一新兴研究领域核心概念形成中起到基础作用。“突现重要文献数量”和“引文年龄”则可以标志新兴研究领域的发展成熟度。“新作者数量”、“学科跨度指数”、“基金资助项目数量”和“基金项目资助额度”则在反映研究领域的新兴程度、交叉程度及持续生命力方面起到支撑作用。
研究还总结了新兴研究领域形成过程的多元科学指标时序结构模式,一个研究领域的兴起与发展是由科学家,尤其是新兴科学家带动起来的,他们带来了许多新的科学想法,进而形成核心概念,并产生研究文献,有的文献对该领域的研究产生重要影响,从而成为重要文献,该领域在从最初的兴起向蓬勃发展的过渡中,吸引了来自多学科领域的科学家们进行更多的相关研究,体现出高度的学科交叉性,随后科学家们则倾向将研究理论投入实际应用,或者获得更多的资助来进行更深入的研究,表现为同行认可。
Since the acceleration of science brought significant influence to human society, the identification of emerging research trends is of key interest to diverse stakeholders, not only to scientists. Especially, the emerging research areas have become the competition focus of science, technology and economy of each countries worldwide. Hence, the identification of emerging research areas means much to the innovation capacity and science policy of one country, and helping scientists to recognize the newly research direction as well.
Based on four basic theories which are scientific fronts theory of Price, scientific development pattern of Kuhn, scientific growth and change research of Menard, and identification and visualization of scientific fronts of Chen, this study constructed the theoretical framework of identifying emerging research areas which is based on the summary the characteristics and the forming process and development of emerging research area from the level of research subject and object. These four basic theories are from different angles scientometrics. macro-theory, micro-quantification and visualization of scientific growth. According to this proposed theoretical conceptualization, this study designed seven science indicators to identify emerging research areas systematically, which is from the loops of individual, research topic, paper and peer review. They are "number of new author""co-occurrence of bursting topic words","bursting key references'","citation age""interdisciplinary","number of awards" and "amount of awards"
This study adopted four datasets of "Quantum Computation","RNA interference""Semantic Web" and "h index and h-type indices" research areas. The former two are from natural science and the latter two are from social science. Simultaneously, for the reliability of the conclusion, the dataset of "Cold Fusion" research area was also introduced here as a declined area which provided a comparative analysis. The results indicate that these seven science indicators can indentify emerging research areas from the five loops effectively. It should be noted that "co-occurrence of bursting topic words" can detect and identify the forming and shift of core concepts in emerging research areas precisely and play a basic role in this loop. The indicators of "number of bursting key references" and "citation age" can be viewed as indicating the mature of emerging research areas. The indicators of "number of new authors","interdisciplinarity"."number of awards" and "amount of awards" play the supportive roles in indicating the emerging, interdisciplinary and continous vitality of new research areas.
The temporal structure mode of multiple science indicators in the forming process of emerging research areas was proposed in this study. A certain research area is always driven up by scientists, especially those young scientists and they bring in fresh and diverse scientific idea which form the core concepts in later period. Furthermore, these core concepts are manifested by research literatures and some of them impact the areas quite a lot. which become the key references. This certain research area attracts many scientists from diverse background which proceed more relevant studies and shows very high interdisciplinarity. Afterwards, more scientists tend to apply their research into practice or gain more awards to demonstrate deep going studies which shows the highly agreement of peer reviews.
引文
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