HIV/AIDS职业接触者心理健康状况调查
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摘要
【目的】：了解HIV/AIDS职业接触者的职业心理健康状况，了解在工作中是否接触过HIV/MDS对职业人群的工作紧张感、焦虑、抑郁、工作满意度的影响，了解职业人群的HIV/AIDS知识掌握情况、职业人群的职业风险对职业人群心理健康的影响，了解职业人群的HIV/AIDS知识掌握情况、职业人群的职业风险及在工作中接触HIV/AIDS对职业人群从业态度的影响。为针对性地开展职业人群心理健康干预，提高职业人群心理健康水平提供依据，同时为以后更深入的研究提供借鉴。
【方法】：采用现况调查，以凉山州职业人群在工作中接触HIV/AIDS的情况与心理健康的现状为研究内容，通过问卷调查凉山州各市、县、乡镇医疗卫生单位的医务人员和戒毒所、看守所、监狱的警察和保安共543人，对所收集数据采用SPSS13．0进行统计处理与分析研究。
【结果】：在工作中接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(接触组)的工作紧张评分高于未接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(未接触组)(P＜0．001)；接触组的焦虑评分高于未接触组(P＜0．001)：接触组的抑郁评分高于未接触组(P＜0．001)；接触组的工作满意度较未接触组低(P＜0．001)：不同职业类别的职业人群其HIV综合知识掌握情况不同(P＜0．05)；不同职业类别的职业人群其职业风险指数(OHI)(P＜0．001)、职业风险分级(OHIC)(P＜0．001)有差别；未接触组认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响更大(P＜0．05)；不同职业类别的职业人群从业态度影响指数(CAEI)(P＜0．001)、从业态度影响分级(CAEIC)(P＜0．05)不同；职业人群的职业风险与职业人群的工作紧张评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与焦虑评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与抑郁评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与工作满意度评分呈正相关(P＜0．05)。
【结论】：在工作中接触HIV/AIDS会对职业人群的心理健康产生影响。在工作中接触过艾滋病人/感染者的职业人群(接触组)比在工作中未接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(未接触组)更易感到紧张，焦虑和抑郁症状更明显；接触组的工作满意度较未接触组低。
职业人群具有一些艾滋病传播及预防基本知识，但总体艾滋病综合知识掌握情况不佳，且在接触组和未接触组中分布无差别；检验师对HIV综合知识的掌握较其他职业好，警察、戒毒所保安对HW综合知识的掌握较差。不同职业间职业风险有差别，戒毒所保安、检验师、医生的职业风险更高。在工作中是否接触过HIV/AIDS对从业态度的影响有差别，未接触组认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响更大；不同职业类别者认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响有差别，HIV/AIDS对医务人员从业态度的影响更大。
职业人群的职业风险越高，在工作中越紧张、焦虑、抑郁症状越明显，工作满意度越低。
[Objectives]: To describe the physiological health among occupational groups who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS in their career. To compare the difference of work tension, anxiety, depression, overall job satisfaction between people who had contacted HIV/AIDS in their career (case group) and people who un-contacted HIV/AIDS (control group) , to explore the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, occupational hazards and work tension, anxiety, depression, overall job satisfaction of people who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS during their career, and to explore the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, occupational hazards and influence of career attitude of people who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS during their career.
[Methods]: (Cross-section study) A questionnaire was used to investigate 543 occupational groups who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS in their career in hospitals, CDCs , the custody centers, jails, etc. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.
[Result]:People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on work tension(P＜0.001); People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on anxiety(P＜0.001); People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on depression(P＜0.05) ; People who had contacted HIV/AIDS felt lower job satisfaction(P＜0.001); People' knowledge of HIV/AIDS had dissimilarity of their different occupational category (P＜0.05);The occupation groups' OHI(P＜0.001),OHIC(P＜0.001) had difference among the different occupational category; Control group thought HIV/AIDS had stronger influence on their career attitude(P＜0.05); The occupation groups' CAEI(P＜0.001),CAEIC(P＜0.05) was dissimilar of the different occupational category. There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of work tension (P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of anxiety(P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of depression (P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of overall job satisfaction (P＜0.05).
[Conclusions]: Getting in touch with HIV/AIDS in the work would influence the physiological health of the occupation group. Getting in touch with HIV/AIDS in the work would influence work tension, anxiety and depression;people who had contacted HIV/AIDS had a lower level of overall work satisfaction. The occupation group had some HIV/AIDS disseminations and prevention knowledge, but professional HIV/AIDS knowledge was in a bad condition. The different occupation category' occupation risk differed. Whether or not they had contacted HIV/AIDS and the different occupation category had different influence of the career attitude. The occupation hazard is higher, occupation group will get more work tension, anxiety, depression, and overall work satisfaction is lower.
【方法】：采用现况调查，以凉山州职业人群在工作中接触HIV/AIDS的情况与心理健康的现状为研究内容，通过问卷调查凉山州各市、县、乡镇医疗卫生单位的医务人员和戒毒所、看守所、监狱的警察和保安共543人，对所收集数据采用SPSS13．0进行统计处理与分析研究。
【结果】：在工作中接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(接触组)的工作紧张评分高于未接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(未接触组)(P＜0．001)；接触组的焦虑评分高于未接触组(P＜0．001)：接触组的抑郁评分高于未接触组(P＜0．001)；接触组的工作满意度较未接触组低(P＜0．001)：不同职业类别的职业人群其HIV综合知识掌握情况不同(P＜0．05)；不同职业类别的职业人群其职业风险指数(OHI)(P＜0．001)、职业风险分级(OHIC)(P＜0．001)有差别；未接触组认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响更大(P＜0．05)；不同职业类别的职业人群从业态度影响指数(CAEI)(P＜0．001)、从业态度影响分级(CAEIC)(P＜0．05)不同；职业人群的职业风险与职业人群的工作紧张评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与焦虑评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与抑郁评分呈正相关(P＜0．001)；与工作满意度评分呈正相关(P＜0．05)。
【结论】：在工作中接触HIV/AIDS会对职业人群的心理健康产生影响。在工作中接触过艾滋病人/感染者的职业人群(接触组)比在工作中未接触过HIV/AIDS的职业人群(未接触组)更易感到紧张，焦虑和抑郁症状更明显；接触组的工作满意度较未接触组低。
职业人群具有一些艾滋病传播及预防基本知识，但总体艾滋病综合知识掌握情况不佳，且在接触组和未接触组中分布无差别；检验师对HIV综合知识的掌握较其他职业好，警察、戒毒所保安对HW综合知识的掌握较差。不同职业间职业风险有差别，戒毒所保安、检验师、医生的职业风险更高。在工作中是否接触过HIV/AIDS对从业态度的影响有差别，未接触组认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响更大；不同职业类别者认为HIV/AIDS对其从业态度的影响有差别，HIV/AIDS对医务人员从业态度的影响更大。
职业人群的职业风险越高，在工作中越紧张、焦虑、抑郁症状越明显，工作满意度越低。
[Objectives]: To describe the physiological health among occupational groups who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS in their career. To compare the difference of work tension, anxiety, depression, overall job satisfaction between people who had contacted HIV/AIDS in their career (case group) and people who un-contacted HIV/AIDS (control group) , to explore the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, occupational hazards and work tension, anxiety, depression, overall job satisfaction of people who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS during their career, and to explore the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, occupational hazards and influence of career attitude of people who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS during their career.
[Methods]: (Cross-section study) A questionnaire was used to investigate 543 occupational groups who had contacted/may contact HIV/AIDS in their career in hospitals, CDCs , the custody centers, jails, etc. All data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0.
[Result]:People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on work tension(P＜0.001); People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on anxiety(P＜0.001); People who had contacted HIV/AIDS got higher scores on depression(P＜0.05) ; People who had contacted HIV/AIDS felt lower job satisfaction(P＜0.001); People' knowledge of HIV/AIDS had dissimilarity of their different occupational category (P＜0.05);The occupation groups' OHI(P＜0.001),OHIC(P＜0.001) had difference among the different occupational category; Control group thought HIV/AIDS had stronger influence on their career attitude(P＜0.05); The occupation groups' CAEI(P＜0.001),CAEIC(P＜0.05) was dissimilar of the different occupational category. There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of work tension (P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of anxiety(P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of depression (P＜0.001) ; There was a positive relationship between OHI and the scores of overall job satisfaction (P＜0.05).
[Conclusions]: Getting in touch with HIV/AIDS in the work would influence the physiological health of the occupation group. Getting in touch with HIV/AIDS in the work would influence work tension, anxiety and depression;people who had contacted HIV/AIDS had a lower level of overall work satisfaction. The occupation group had some HIV/AIDS disseminations and prevention knowledge, but professional HIV/AIDS knowledge was in a bad condition. The different occupation category' occupation risk differed. Whether or not they had contacted HIV/AIDS and the different occupation category had different influence of the career attitude. The occupation hazard is higher, occupation group will get more work tension, anxiety, depression, and overall work satisfaction is lower.
引文
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