高尚堡油田基于单砂体地质模型的剩余油分布研究
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摘要
冀东油田是复杂小断块油田的典型代表,油田内断层多,断块面积小,加上河流相储层非均质性强,纵向上油层层数多,油水关系复杂。进入特高含水期后,且由于在开发过程中实施单采开采方式,开采的主要矛盾变为层内乃至砂体内部结构之间的矛盾,剩余油分布受断块内的储层单砂体控制。
本文以冀东高尚堡油田高29断块区的六个典型的主力层(NmⅡ3、NmⅡ5、NmⅢ5、NgⅠ1、NgⅡ6、NgⅣ2)作为研究对象,在油藏地质特征研究基础上,采用了油藏工程分析方法,利用油田生产数据和各种监测数据,结合静态数据和实验资料,对复杂断块特高含水期油藏开发特征进行了分析,明确提出了层间、层内、平面矛盾突出,剩余油认识不清;水驱储量控制程度低,可采储量损失严重;注采系统极不完善,油田稳产难度大等开发中存在的突出问题。针对复杂断块油藏地质特征及分层开采特点,从剩余油形成与分布的控制因素出发,开展基于单砂体三维地质建模的油藏数值模拟研究,揭示了剩余油在单砂体内部垂向上和平面上的分布状况,指出单砂体内的上部以及内部受夹层控制的剩余油富集部位,并对剩余油潜力区分四类进行了定量评价。在此基础上,针对开发中存在的问题提出了高效挖潜措施,对指导复杂断块特高含水期油藏剩余油挖潜、减缓产量递减、改善复杂断块油藏开发效果具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
Ji Dong Oil Field is a typical complex little fault-block oil field, which has many faults, small fault block area, strong heterogeneous reservoir in fluvial facies, multiple oil bearing formations and complicated relationship of oil and water. After been developed for many years, some blocks have come into the intermediary and later stage of extra high water cut, the oil and water relationship becomes extremely complicated and more difficult to develop. The distribution of remaining oil is controlled by the single sand body in fault-block oil reservoir.
This paper studied on the six typical main layers of fault block Gao 29 of shallow layer Gao Nan in Ji Dong Oil Field. Based on the study of oil reservoir geological property, the characteristics of the complicated fault-block oil reservoir development at extra high water cut stage are summarized by applying the oil reservoir engineering method on the analysis of field production data, kinds of monitoring data, static data and testing data. Moreover, the outstanding issues are revealed, such as extremely imperfect injection-production system, low control degree of water drive reserves, and highly unequal reserves producing. Considering the geological character of complicated fault-block oil reservoir and beginning with the controlling factors of the remaining oil’s forming and distributing, the numerical reservoir simulation based on the 3D geological modeling of the single sand body was carried out to characterize the distribution of remaining oil in the single sand body vertically and horizontally. It shows that on the top of the single sand body and inside controlled by the interbedding are rich accumulations of remaining oil, which have been classified into four types and quantitatively evaluated. Through the above study, the efficient measures of further extracting remaining oil are put forward according to the problems existing in the development practice, which has important theoretical and practical guidance to the development of remaining oil and slows down the decline of production.
本文以冀东高尚堡油田高29断块区的六个典型的主力层(NmⅡ3、NmⅡ5、NmⅢ5、NgⅠ1、NgⅡ6、NgⅣ2)作为研究对象,在油藏地质特征研究基础上,采用了油藏工程分析方法,利用油田生产数据和各种监测数据,结合静态数据和实验资料,对复杂断块特高含水期油藏开发特征进行了分析,明确提出了层间、层内、平面矛盾突出,剩余油认识不清;水驱储量控制程度低,可采储量损失严重;注采系统极不完善,油田稳产难度大等开发中存在的突出问题。针对复杂断块油藏地质特征及分层开采特点,从剩余油形成与分布的控制因素出发,开展基于单砂体三维地质建模的油藏数值模拟研究,揭示了剩余油在单砂体内部垂向上和平面上的分布状况,指出单砂体内的上部以及内部受夹层控制的剩余油富集部位,并对剩余油潜力区分四类进行了定量评价。在此基础上,针对开发中存在的问题提出了高效挖潜措施,对指导复杂断块特高含水期油藏剩余油挖潜、减缓产量递减、改善复杂断块油藏开发效果具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
Ji Dong Oil Field is a typical complex little fault-block oil field, which has many faults, small fault block area, strong heterogeneous reservoir in fluvial facies, multiple oil bearing formations and complicated relationship of oil and water. After been developed for many years, some blocks have come into the intermediary and later stage of extra high water cut, the oil and water relationship becomes extremely complicated and more difficult to develop. The distribution of remaining oil is controlled by the single sand body in fault-block oil reservoir.
This paper studied on the six typical main layers of fault block Gao 29 of shallow layer Gao Nan in Ji Dong Oil Field. Based on the study of oil reservoir geological property, the characteristics of the complicated fault-block oil reservoir development at extra high water cut stage are summarized by applying the oil reservoir engineering method on the analysis of field production data, kinds of monitoring data, static data and testing data. Moreover, the outstanding issues are revealed, such as extremely imperfect injection-production system, low control degree of water drive reserves, and highly unequal reserves producing. Considering the geological character of complicated fault-block oil reservoir and beginning with the controlling factors of the remaining oil’s forming and distributing, the numerical reservoir simulation based on the 3D geological modeling of the single sand body was carried out to characterize the distribution of remaining oil in the single sand body vertically and horizontally. It shows that on the top of the single sand body and inside controlled by the interbedding are rich accumulations of remaining oil, which have been classified into four types and quantitatively evaluated. Through the above study, the efficient measures of further extracting remaining oil are put forward according to the problems existing in the development practice, which has important theoretical and practical guidance to the development of remaining oil and slows down the decline of production.
引文
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[35]孟立新,周嘉玺,刘树明,等.高含水复杂断块油田精细油藏描述与油藏数值模拟技术[A].高含水油田改善开发效果技术文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:20-25.
[36]袁奕群,袁庆峰.黑油模型在油田开发中的应用[M].北京:石油工业版,1995:47-52.
[37]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:74-76.
[38]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:1-7.
[39] Du Qinglong, Shi Chengfang, Zhu Lihong, et al. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Remaining Oil in Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoirs at High Water Cut Stage [J].SPE84875, 2003:1-4.
[40]束青林,张本华.河道砂储层油藏动态模型和剩余油预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:81-84.
[41]郑松青,李阳.辫状河厚油层夹层对剩余油分布的影响[A].高含水期油藏提高采收率国际会议论文集[C].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:198-201.
[42] Liu Bing, Sui Xinguang, Zhao Minjiao, et al. Horizontal Wells Drilling in Vertical Lateral Beddings Successfully Tap the Upside Remaining Oil in Heavy Flooded Sandy Zones[J]. SPE 99551,2006:1-6.
[43]彭仕宓,黄述旺.油藏开发地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:22-23.
[44]潘晓霞.复杂小断块高含水油藏剩余油分布特征及开发对策研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2001.
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[2]谢俊,张金亮.剩余油描述与预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003 :1-3.
[3]冯少太,常士奘编译.国外剩余油饱和度的测量技术[J].断块油气田, 1994,1(1):20-23.
[4]林承焰.剩余油的形成与分布[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2000:68-70.
[5] David R. Spain. Petrophysical evaluation of a slope fan/ Basin-Floor Fan complex: Cherry Canyon Formation, Ward Country, Texas[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1992, 76(6): 805-827.
[6]陈四平,李木元,仲艳华.剩余油饱和度测井技术进展.测井技术[J],2004,28(1):8-10.
[7] Nick P. Valenti, R.M. Valenti, L.F. Koederitz. A Unified Theory on Residual Oil Saturation and Irreducible Water Saturation[J]. SPE, 77545, 2002:1-16.
[8]朱平,毛凤鸣,李亚辉.复杂断块油藏形成机理和成藏模式[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008:30-32.
[9]刘丁曾.多油层砂岩油田开发[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1986,28-66.
[10]王乃举.中国油藏开发模式总论[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1999:111-123.
[11]陈元.复杂断块油田高含水期开发特征及挖潜研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.
[12]张琪、信荃磷、刘泽容,等.国外小断块油田开发历程及工艺技术系列研究[M],东营,石油大学出版社,1994:1-5.
[13]姜汉桥,姚军,姜瑞忠.油藏工程原理与方法[M].东营,中国石油大学出版社,2006:245.
[14]方凌云、万新德.砂岩油藏注水开发动态分析[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1998,36-99.
[15]王国先,谢建勇,范杰,等.用即时含水采出比评价油田水驱开发效果[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(3):239-241.
[16]高博禹.高含水期油藏剩余油预测方法研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2005.
[17]赵培华,谭廷栋,宋社民.利用生产测井资料确定水驱油藏产层剩余油饱和度方法[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):54-60.
[18]韩大匡,陈钦雷,闫存章.油藏数值模拟基础[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999.4:1-6
[19]赵永胜.储层三维地质模型难使数值模拟摆脱困境[J].石油学报,1998,19(3):135-137.
[20] Tan, J.C.T., Firoozabadi, Abbas. Dual-Porosity Simulation Incorporating Rein filtration and Capillary Continuity Concepts Part I: Single Grid cell [J]. SPE29113,1995:163-176.
[21]盖英杰,吕德灵,郭元灵.高含水期油藏分阶段数值模拟[J].油气采收率技术,2000,7(1):54-56
[22]高博禹,彭仕宓,黄述旺.胜坨油田二区沙二段3砂层组分阶段油藏数值模拟[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,31(6):82-84.
[23]田小川,邓爱居,蒋涛,等.复杂断块精细构造建模技术方法及实践[A].精细油藏描述技术交流会论文集(2005年)[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2005:88-89.
[24]胡向阳,熊琦华,吴胜和.储层建模方法研究进展[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(1):107-112.
[25]李兴国.陆相储层沉积微相与微型构造[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,2000:63-120.
[26]林承焰,李江南,董春梅,等.油藏仿真模型与剩余油预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2009:132-141.
[27]蒋廷学,杨艳丽.油藏数值模拟技术发展综述[J].河南石油,2000,5:19-21
[28] Naccache, P.F., GeoQuest. A Fully-Implicit Thermal Reservoir Simulator[J]. SPE 379852,1997:97-104.
[29] Peddibhotla, Sriram, Datta-Gupta, et al. Multiphase Streamline Modeling in Three Dimensions: Further Generalizations and a Field Application[J]. SPE 38003,1997:265-280.
[30] Thauvin, F., Mohanty, K.K.. Modeling of non-Darcy flow through porous media[J].SPE 38017,1997:313-315.
[31] Verma, Santosh, Aziz, Khalid. A control Volume Scheme for Flexible Grids in Reservoir Simulation[J], SPE37999, 1997:215-228.
[32] Ivar Aavatsmark, Tor Barkve, Trond Mannseth, et al. Control-Volume Discretization Method for 3D Quadrilateral Grids in Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Reservoir[J], SPE38000,1998:146-154.
[33] Heinemann Z.E., Brand C.W.. Gridding techniques in reservoir simulation[A]. Presented at First and second International Forum on Reservoir simulation[C]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989:339-426.
[34]邹胜林,常水涛,赵辉,等.吴旗油田高含水油藏精细描述与数值模拟技术[A].高含水油田改善开发效果技术文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:33-37.
[35]孟立新,周嘉玺,刘树明,等.高含水复杂断块油田精细油藏描述与油藏数值模拟技术[A].高含水油田改善开发效果技术文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:20-25.
[36]袁奕群,袁庆峰.黑油模型在油田开发中的应用[M].北京:石油工业版,1995:47-52.
[37]冯增昭.沉积岩石学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:74-76.
[38]任明达,王乃梁.现代沉积环境概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:1-7.
[39] Du Qinglong, Shi Chengfang, Zhu Lihong, et al. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Remaining Oil in Fluvial-Deltaic Reservoirs at High Water Cut Stage [J].SPE84875, 2003:1-4.
[40]束青林,张本华.河道砂储层油藏动态模型和剩余油预测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:81-84.
[41]郑松青,李阳.辫状河厚油层夹层对剩余油分布的影响[A].高含水期油藏提高采收率国际会议论文集[C].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:198-201.
[42] Liu Bing, Sui Xinguang, Zhao Minjiao, et al. Horizontal Wells Drilling in Vertical Lateral Beddings Successfully Tap the Upside Remaining Oil in Heavy Flooded Sandy Zones[J]. SPE 99551,2006:1-6.
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