移动自组网能量保护策略的研究
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摘要
随着现代无线通信技术和因特网的发展与进步，人们对移动信息服务的需求也日益增长，任何人在任何时间、地点都能够获取信息并与他人通信的要求，已经成为人们对现代信息网络的切实需求。AdHoc网络，由于其无需固定基础设施支持、能快速、简单组网，而且按照其设计的初衷，能够自组织、自修复，因此，正在成为下一代无线网络的有力竞争者。降低能量消耗是无线网络协议中最重要的设计目标之一，MAC层的功率管理机制是降低无线网络能量消耗的重要手段。
本文首先总结了移动自组网能量研究现状，阐述了移动自组网中节能策略面临的问题，并对基于网络层以及MAC层能量的节能策略进行了比较和分析，总结了它们的优缺点以及未来的发展方向。然后详细的描述了移动自组网MAC层功率管理原理，以及MAC的功率管理策略的研究方向。
本文在对802.11PSM的工作模式进行深入研究的基础上，提出了在网络负载较轻情况下的一种新的节能策略——802.11EPSM，该节能策略通过ATIM帧信息交换，改变了在一个BI周期里面802.11PSM只能将数据传送一跳的问题，使数据包能够尽可能的在一个BI周期中向下游节点传送，从而使得中间节点苏醒周期减少，达到节能的目的。同时通过ATIM帧信息交换使得节点能够根据数据包的数量来预测数据到达节点的时间，从而节点只需要在相应的时间苏醒，错开了节点的竞争周期，达到节能的目的。通过仿真实验结果表明与802.11PSM相比，EPSM在减少传输时延、减少能耗以及提高节点生存时间等方面较PSM有了较大的提高，在BI周期中数据包发生率低，且数据包经过的中间节点较多时，节能效率甚至可以比802.11PSM提高30％以上。
With the development of wireless communication and Internet, the demand for mobile information services is growing gradually. Anybody, at any time and any location need to get access to information and contact with others. Ad Hoc networks, due to its ability of self-orgnization and self-repairing, is becoming a strong competitor of the next generation wireless networks. To increase the energy efficiency is the most important aim of designing wireless network protocols. The energy saving mechanism at MAC is one of the important approaches of improving energy efficiency of wireless networks.
This paper firstly summarized the recent research profile of Ad Hoc networks, introduced the problems of increasing energy efficiency, compared and analyzed different approaches of energy saving at MAC, and indicated the direction of future work, then described thoroughly the principles of energy saving mechanism at MAC.
This work presented a new energy saving approach-802.11EPSM when the data load was not heavy, based on deep research of 802.11PSM. 802.11EPSM improves PSM model, which could only send one package in one BI, by sending as many packages as possible in one BI through the information exchanging of ATIM frame, and at the same timedramatically reduces transfer delay, and prolongs the life span of central nodes to save energy using central nodes alternant wake-up. The results of simulation shows that EPSM has better performance than PSM in terms of decreasing transportation delays, saving energy, and prolonging life span of nodes, and has low rate of producing BI data packets, and energy efficiency is more than 30% higher than 802.11PSM when the data packets transit through many interim nodes.
本文首先总结了移动自组网能量研究现状，阐述了移动自组网中节能策略面临的问题，并对基于网络层以及MAC层能量的节能策略进行了比较和分析，总结了它们的优缺点以及未来的发展方向。然后详细的描述了移动自组网MAC层功率管理原理，以及MAC的功率管理策略的研究方向。
本文在对802.11PSM的工作模式进行深入研究的基础上，提出了在网络负载较轻情况下的一种新的节能策略——802.11EPSM，该节能策略通过ATIM帧信息交换，改变了在一个BI周期里面802.11PSM只能将数据传送一跳的问题，使数据包能够尽可能的在一个BI周期中向下游节点传送，从而使得中间节点苏醒周期减少，达到节能的目的。同时通过ATIM帧信息交换使得节点能够根据数据包的数量来预测数据到达节点的时间，从而节点只需要在相应的时间苏醒，错开了节点的竞争周期，达到节能的目的。通过仿真实验结果表明与802.11PSM相比，EPSM在减少传输时延、减少能耗以及提高节点生存时间等方面较PSM有了较大的提高，在BI周期中数据包发生率低，且数据包经过的中间节点较多时，节能效率甚至可以比802.11PSM提高30％以上。
With the development of wireless communication and Internet, the demand for mobile information services is growing gradually. Anybody, at any time and any location need to get access to information and contact with others. Ad Hoc networks, due to its ability of self-orgnization and self-repairing, is becoming a strong competitor of the next generation wireless networks. To increase the energy efficiency is the most important aim of designing wireless network protocols. The energy saving mechanism at MAC is one of the important approaches of improving energy efficiency of wireless networks.
This paper firstly summarized the recent research profile of Ad Hoc networks, introduced the problems of increasing energy efficiency, compared and analyzed different approaches of energy saving at MAC, and indicated the direction of future work, then described thoroughly the principles of energy saving mechanism at MAC.
This work presented a new energy saving approach-802.11EPSM when the data load was not heavy, based on deep research of 802.11PSM. 802.11EPSM improves PSM model, which could only send one package in one BI, by sending as many packages as possible in one BI through the information exchanging of ATIM frame, and at the same timedramatically reduces transfer delay, and prolongs the life span of central nodes to save energy using central nodes alternant wake-up. The results of simulation shows that EPSM has better performance than PSM in terms of decreasing transportation delays, saving energy, and prolonging life span of nodes, and has low rate of producing BI data packets, and energy efficiency is more than 30% higher than 802.11PSM when the data packets transit through many interim nodes.
引文
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[2] 万蕾，匡镜明．GSM系统中高效数据传输业务的实现．通信学报，2001，22(4)：112～116
[3] 郑洪明，朱为君，毕光国．基于智能天线阵接收的蜂窝CDMA网络性能分析．通信学报，2001，22(4)：19～25
[4] 孙永中．CDPD技术实验系统的研制．通信学报，2001，22(7)：117-122
[5] 王听，刘智广，任勇．NVE技术综述．《微电子学与计算机》，2003，10：66～72
[6] Jonsson U, Alriksson F, et al. MIPMANET-Mobile IP for mobile Ad Hoc networks. Proceedings of IEEE/ACM Workshop on Mobile and Ad Hoe Networking and Computing, Boston, MA USA, August 1999
[7] Macker J, Corson S. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter.html. IETF Working Group Veharter, 1997
[8] Bluetooth SIG Inc. Specification of the Bluetooth system: Core. http://www.bluetooth.org
[9] Megowan P G, Suvak D W, Knutson C D. IrDA infrared communications: An overview, http://www.ltclub.legend.com.cn/news/iral.html
[10] 许力，张继东等．移动自组网能量保护策略研究进展．通信学报，2004，25(9)：88～92
[11] 于宏毅等．无线移动自组织网．北京：人民邮电出版社，2005．11～12
[12] Xiaoyan Hong, Gerla M., Yunjung. Yi, Kaixin Xu. Tack Jin Kwon, Scalable Ad Hoc routing in large, dense wireless networks using clustering and landmarks. Communications, 2002. ICC 2002. IEEE International Conference on, Volume 5, 2002. vol.5, Pages: 3179～3185
[13] Gerasimov I., Simon R.. Performance analysis for Ad Hoc QoS routing protocols. Mobility and Wireless Access Workshop, 2002. MobiWac 2002. International, 2002, Pages: 87～94
[14] Koushik Kar, Murali Kodialam, T. V. Lakshman, Leandros Tassiulas. Routing for Network Capacity Maximization in Energy-constrained Ad hoc Networks. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Volume 1, 2003, Pages: 673～681
[15] Gil Zussman and Adrian Segall. Energy Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Disaster Recovery Networks. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 1, Issue 4, 2003, Pages: 405～421
[16] Sung-Ju Lee, Julian Hsu, Russell Hayashida, Mario Gerla and Rajive Bagrodia. Selecting a routing strategy for your ad hoc network. Computer Communications, Volume 26, Issue 7, 1 May 2003, Pages: 723～733
[17] Chia-Cheng Hu, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu and Gen-Huey Chen. OGHAM: On-demand global hosts for mobile ad-hoc multicast services.Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2006, Pages: 709～723
[18] http://www.etsi.org/frameset/home.htm?/technicalactiv/Hiperlan/hiperlan2.htm
[19] Xu, S., Saadawi, T.. Does the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol work well in multihop wireless Ad Hoc networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume: 39 Issue: 6, Jun 2001 Pages: 130～137
[20] 赵志峰，郑少仁，仇佩亮．Ad Hoc网络载波监听双信道接入协议．浙江大学学报，2005，39(4)：478～482
[21] 刘竞秀，赵明，姚彦．适用于无线Ad Hoc网络的多通道MAC协议．清华大学学报，2005，45(10)：1401～1404
[22] Sunil Kumar, Vineet S. Raghavan and Jing Deng. Medium Access Control protocols for ad hoc wireless networks: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2006, Pages: 326～358
[23] Roger M. Whitaker, Leigh Hodge and Imrich Chlamtac. Bluetooth scattemet formation: A survey. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 3, Issue 4, July 2005, Pages: 403～450
[24] Ching Law, Amar K. Mehta, Kai-Yeung Siu. Performance of a new Bluetooth scatternet formation protocol. Oct. 2001 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing, Pages: 183～192
[25] Wen-Zhan Song, Xiang-Yang Li, Yu Wang and Weizhao Wang. dBBlue: low diameter and self-routing Bluetooth scatternet. Joumal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Volume 65, Issue 2, February 2005, Pages: 178～190
[26] Song Guo and Oliver Yang. QoS-aware minimum energy multicast tree construction in wireless ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages: 217～229
[27] T. Bheemarjuna Reddy, I. Karthigeyan, B.S. Manoj and C. Siva Ram Murthy. Quality of service provisioning in ad hoc wireless networks: a survey of issues and solutions. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 83～124
[28] Qi Xue and Aura Ganz. Ad hoc QoS on-demand routing (AQOR) in mobile ad hoc networks. Joumal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, Volume 63, Issue 2, February 2003, Pages: 154～165
[29] 伏飞，刘晶，齐望东，沈洋．一种基于IEEE 802.11 PSM的增强节能机制．电子科技大学学报，2006，35(6)：883～886
[30] S. Singh and C.S. Raghavendra, PAMAS: Power aware multi-access protocol withsignalling for ad hoc networks, Computer Communication Review, Volume 28, Issue 3, 1998, Pages: 5～26
[31] Yalin Evren Sagduyu and Anthony Ephremides. Energy-efficient MAC in ad-hoc networks inspired by conflict resolution concepts. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2003, Pages: 65～86
[32] Dario Pompili and Marco Vittucci. PPMA, a probabilistic predictive multicast algorithm for ad hoe networks. Ad Hoe Networks, Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2006, Pages: 724～748
[33] Erol Gelenbe and Ricardo Lent. Power-aware ad hoc cognitive packet networks. Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 2, Issue 3, July 2004, Pages: 205～216
[34] SzuoChi Wang, David S.L. Wei and Sy-Yen Kuo. An SPT-based topology control algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, Volume 29, Issue 16, 12 October 2006, Pages: 3092～3103
[35] Peng Hu, Pei-lin Hong, Jin-sheng Li, Zhen-quan Qin. TAP: Traffic-aware topology control in on-demand ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, Volume 29, Issue 18, 28 November 2006, Pages: 3877～3885
[36] Douglas M. Blough, Mauro Leoncini, Giovanni Resta, Paolo Santi. Topology control with better radio models: Implications for energy and multi-hop interference. Performance Evaluation, Volume 64, Issue 5, June 2007, Pages: 379～398
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