饲粮添加L-精氨酸或N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对感染PRRSV妊娠母猪繁殖性能及免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本文旨在研究饲粮添加L-精氨酸或N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(N-carbamylglutamate,NCG)对感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)妊娠母猪繁殖性能及免疫功能的影响。选用3-5胎感染PRRSV的母猪(长白×大约克)100头,妊娠第1-29天饲喂相同的对照组饲粮,妊娠第30天,按体况将母猪随机分为5个处理组,每组20头,单栏饲养。其中3个处理组从妊娠第30-90天分别饲喂对照组饲粮,添加1%L-精氨酸和0.1%NCG饲粮,妊娠第91天-分娩饲喂对照组饲粮,另外两个组从妊娠30天-分娩分别饲喂添加1%L-精氨酸和0.1%NCG的饲粮,所有饲粮等氮平衡。分娩时记录窝产仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、初生个体重,并计算窝重、死亡率和弱仔率。妊娠第30、90和110天早上采食后2h收集母猪血样。采用氨基酸全自动分析仪测定血浆游离氨基酸,全自动生化分析仪测定血浆尿素和总蛋白,硝酸还原酶法测定血清一氧化氮(NO),比色法测定血清一氧化氮合酶活性(TNOS),猪酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assay, ELISA)测定血清PRRSV-Ab、IL-10、IFN-γ水平,免疫透射比浊法测定血清免疫球蛋白(IgG和IgM)。
试验结果表明：
1、母猪妊娠第30-90天阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG,与对照组相比：
1.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组窝产活仔数提高0.89头(P=0.061),窝活仔重提高1.02 kg(P=0.071),0.1%NCG添加组窝产活仔数提高0.33头(P>0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组与0.1%NCG添加组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
1.2、1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸、脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清IFN-γ水平显著降低(P<0.05),妊娠第110天母猪血清IgG水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血清NO和TNOS含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清PRRSV抗体、IgG和IgM水平显著增加(P<0.05),但血浆尿素浓度显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组较0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸浓度及血清IgG水平显著升高(P<0.05)。
2、母猪妊娠第30天-分娩阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG,与对照组相比：
2.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组分别提高窝产活仔数1.33头(P<0.05)和0.5头(P>0.05),窝活仔重2.70 kg和1.21 kg(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组初生个体活仔重提高4.86%(P<0.05),死胎率降低75.88%(P<0.05)；与0.1%NCG添加组相比,1%L-精氨酸添加组窝产活仔数提高0.83头(P=0.075),窝活仔重提高1.49 kg(P<0.05),死胎率降低67.15%(P<0.05)。
2.2、妊娠第90和110天,1%L-精氨酸添加组的母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸和脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清IgG、IgM及PRRSV抗体水平显著增加(P<0.05),但IFN-γ,水平显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组的母猪血清NO和TNOS含量显著升高,但血浆尿素浓度显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第110天母猪血清IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血清IgG、IgM及PRRSV抗体水平显著增加(P<0.05),妊娠第110天母猪血清IgG、IgM和IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组较0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度及血清IgG水平显著升高(P<0.05)。
3、母猪妊娠第30天-分娩阶段与妊娠第30-90天阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG相比：
3.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组窝活仔重提高1.68kg(P<0.05),初生个体活仔重提高7.09%(P<0.05),死胎率降低67.05(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组初生个体活仔重提高4.23%(P=0.096)。
3.2、1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第110天母猪血浆游离鸟氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清NO和TNOS含量均显著增加(P<0.05),血清IgM和IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05),但IFN-y水平显著降低(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第11 0天血清IgM和IgG水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第110天母猪血浆尿素浓度均有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论：
1、饲粮中添加精氨酸或NCG通过提高母猪机体氨基酸利用率和增强母猪免疫功能,降低母猪死胎率和弱仔率,进而提高窝产活仔数和窝活仔重。
2、与妊娠中期相比,妊娠中后期饲粮中添加精氨酸或NCG提高母猪繁殖性能的效果最佳,且精氨酸较NCG的效果好。
The study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on reproductive performance and immune function of pregnant sows infected with porcine productive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). At d 30 of gestation, One hundred Yorkshire x Landrace multiparous sows infected with PRRSV were selected and randomly assigned to five treatment groups, three treatment groups were fed diet supplemented with 1.7% alanine (control diet, n=20),1% L-Arg (n=20) and 0.1% NCG (n=20) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, and all sows fed the control diet from d 91 of gestation to parturition, sows in other two treatment groups were fed diet supplemented with 1% L-Arg (n=20) and 0.1% NCG (n=20) until parturition. We recorded the number of stillbirths and their BW less than 900 g and their BW at birth, counted the total number of piglets and litter BW. Blood samples were collected at 2 h after feeding at d 30,90 and 110 of gestation. Plasma concentrations of amino acids were analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer, plasma samples were assayed for urea and total protein concentrations by automatic biochemical analyzer, serum concentrations of NO were assayed using nitric acid reductase method, serum concentrations of TOS and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgM) concentration were assayed using a colorimetric method, serum levels of PRRSV-Ab, IL-10 and IFN-y were assayed using enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assay.
The results were as follows:
1. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 to 90 of gestation, compared with the control group:
1.11% L-Arg supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 0.89 (P=0.061), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.02 kg (P=0.071); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased the number of pigs born alive by 0.33 (P>0.05); however, all of the measured indices did not differ between the 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation (P>0.05).
1.21% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine and proline (P<0.05), but serum levels of IFN-y at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05), serum levels of IgG increased at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of NO and TOS(P<0.05), and serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab(P<0.05), but reduced plasma concentrations of urea at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05); Plasma concentrations of arginine and ornithine(P<0.05), and serum levels of IgG were higher in the 1% L-Arg supplementation than in the 0.1% NCG supplementation (P<0.05).
2. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 of gestation to parturition, compared with the control group:
2.11% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 1.33 (P<0.05) and 0.5 (P>0.05), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 2.70 and 1.21 kg (P<0.05), respectively,1% L-Arg supplementation increased BW of piglets born alive by 4.86%(P<0.05) and reduced the rate of stillbirths by 75.88%; compared with 0.1% NCG supplementation,1% L-Arg supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 0.83 (P=0.075), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.49 kg (P<0.05), but reduced the rate of stillbirths by 67.15%(P<0.05).
2.21% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine, proline (P<0.05), and serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab(P<0.05), but reduced levels of IFN-γ(P<0.05),1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of NO and TOS (P<0.05), but reduced plasma concentrations of urea at d 90 and 110 of gestation (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg supplementation increase levels of IL-10 at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05),0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05), levels of IgM, IgG and IL-10 increased significantly at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05); plasma concentration of arginine and ornithine (P<0.05), and serum levels of IgG were significantly higher in 1% L-Arg supplementation compared with 0.1% NCG supplementation at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05).
3. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 of gestation to parturition compared with from d 30 to 90 of gestation:
3.11% L-Arg supplementation increased litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.68 kg (P<0.05), and BW of piglets born alive by 7.09% (P<0.05), but reduced the rate of stillbirths by 67.05%(P<0.05); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased BW of piglets born alive by 4.23%(P=0.096).
3.2 At d 110 of gestation,1% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine and proline (P<0.05), and serum concentrations of NO and TOS, and serum levels of IgG and IL-10(P<0.05), but reduced serum levels of IFN-y (P<0.05); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum levels of IgM and IgG (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation reduced plasma concentrations of urea (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
1. Dietary supplementation with L-Arg or NCG improved the reproductive performance of pregnant sows by improving the utilization of amino acids and immune function, and reducing the rate of piglets body weight less than 900 g and stillbirths.
2. Effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate on reproductive performance were better during middle and late gestation than during middle gestation, and L-Arg were better than NCG supplementation.
试验结果表明：
1、母猪妊娠第30-90天阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG,与对照组相比：
1.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组窝产活仔数提高0.89头(P=0.061),窝活仔重提高1.02 kg(P=0.071),0.1%NCG添加组窝产活仔数提高0.33头(P>0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组与0.1%NCG添加组之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。
1.2、1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸、脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清IFN-γ水平显著降低(P<0.05),妊娠第110天母猪血清IgG水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血清NO和TNOS含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清PRRSV抗体、IgG和IgM水平显著增加(P<0.05),但血浆尿素浓度显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组较0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸浓度及血清IgG水平显著升高(P<0.05)。
2、母猪妊娠第30天-分娩阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG,与对照组相比：
2.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组分别提高窝产活仔数1.33头(P<0.05)和0.5头(P>0.05),窝活仔重2.70 kg和1.21 kg(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组初生个体活仔重提高4.86%(P<0.05),死胎率降低75.88%(P<0.05)；与0.1%NCG添加组相比,1%L-精氨酸添加组窝产活仔数提高0.83头(P=0.075),窝活仔重提高1.49 kg(P<0.05),死胎率降低67.15%(P<0.05)。
2.2、妊娠第90和110天,1%L-精氨酸添加组的母猪血浆游离精氨酸、鸟氨酸和脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清IgG、IgM及PRRSV抗体水平显著增加(P<0.05),但IFN-γ,水平显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组的母猪血清NO和TNOS含量显著升高,但血浆尿素浓度显著降低(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第110天母猪血清IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血清IgG、IgM及PRRSV抗体水平显著增加(P<0.05),妊娠第110天母猪血清IgG、IgM和IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组较0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第90天母猪血浆游离精氨酸和鸟氨酸浓度及血清IgG水平显著升高(P<0.05)。
3、母猪妊娠第30天-分娩阶段与妊娠第30-90天阶段饲粮添加L-精氨酸或NCG相比：
3.1、1%L-精氨酸添加组窝活仔重提高1.68kg(P<0.05),初生个体活仔重提高7.09%(P<0.05),死胎率降低67.05(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组初生个体活仔重提高4.23%(P=0.096)。
3.2、1%L-精氨酸添加组妊娠第110天母猪血浆游离鸟氨酸、精氨酸和脯氨酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),血清NO和TNOS含量均显著增加(P<0.05),血清IgM和IL-10水平显著增加(P<0.05),但IFN-y水平显著降低(P<0.05)；0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第11 0天血清IgM和IgG水平显著增加(P<0.05)；1%L-精氨酸添加组和0.1%NCG添加组妊娠第110天母猪血浆尿素浓度均有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。
结论：
1、饲粮中添加精氨酸或NCG通过提高母猪机体氨基酸利用率和增强母猪免疫功能,降低母猪死胎率和弱仔率,进而提高窝产活仔数和窝活仔重。
2、与妊娠中期相比,妊娠中后期饲粮中添加精氨酸或NCG提高母猪繁殖性能的效果最佳,且精氨酸较NCG的效果好。
The study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine (Arg) or N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on reproductive performance and immune function of pregnant sows infected with porcine productive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). At d 30 of gestation, One hundred Yorkshire x Landrace multiparous sows infected with PRRSV were selected and randomly assigned to five treatment groups, three treatment groups were fed diet supplemented with 1.7% alanine (control diet, n=20),1% L-Arg (n=20) and 0.1% NCG (n=20) from d 30 to 90 of gestation, and all sows fed the control diet from d 91 of gestation to parturition, sows in other two treatment groups were fed diet supplemented with 1% L-Arg (n=20) and 0.1% NCG (n=20) until parturition. We recorded the number of stillbirths and their BW less than 900 g and their BW at birth, counted the total number of piglets and litter BW. Blood samples were collected at 2 h after feeding at d 30,90 and 110 of gestation. Plasma concentrations of amino acids were analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer, plasma samples were assayed for urea and total protein concentrations by automatic biochemical analyzer, serum concentrations of NO were assayed using nitric acid reductase method, serum concentrations of TOS and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgM) concentration were assayed using a colorimetric method, serum levels of PRRSV-Ab, IL-10 and IFN-y were assayed using enzyme-linked immuneosorbent assay.
The results were as follows:
1. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 to 90 of gestation, compared with the control group:
1.11% L-Arg supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 0.89 (P=0.061), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.02 kg (P=0.071); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased the number of pigs born alive by 0.33 (P>0.05); however, all of the measured indices did not differ between the 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation (P>0.05).
1.21% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine and proline (P<0.05), but serum levels of IFN-y at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05), serum levels of IgG increased at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of NO and TOS(P<0.05), and serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab(P<0.05), but reduced plasma concentrations of urea at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05); Plasma concentrations of arginine and ornithine(P<0.05), and serum levels of IgG were higher in the 1% L-Arg supplementation than in the 0.1% NCG supplementation (P<0.05).
2. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 of gestation to parturition, compared with the control group:
2.11% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 1.33 (P<0.05) and 0.5 (P>0.05), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 2.70 and 1.21 kg (P<0.05), respectively,1% L-Arg supplementation increased BW of piglets born alive by 4.86%(P<0.05) and reduced the rate of stillbirths by 75.88%; compared with 0.1% NCG supplementation,1% L-Arg supplementation increased the number of piglets born alive by 0.83 (P=0.075), and litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.49 kg (P<0.05), but reduced the rate of stillbirths by 67.15%(P<0.05).
2.21% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine, proline (P<0.05), and serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab(P<0.05), but reduced levels of IFN-γ(P<0.05),1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum concentrations of NO and TOS (P<0.05), but reduced plasma concentrations of urea at d 90 and 110 of gestation (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg supplementation increase levels of IL-10 at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05),0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum levels of IgM, IgG and PRRSV-Ab at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05), levels of IgM, IgG and IL-10 increased significantly at d 110 of gestation (P<0.05); plasma concentration of arginine and ornithine (P<0.05), and serum levels of IgG were significantly higher in 1% L-Arg supplementation compared with 0.1% NCG supplementation at d 90 of gestation (P<0.05).
3. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate from d 30 of gestation to parturition compared with from d 30 to 90 of gestation:
3.11% L-Arg supplementation increased litter birth weight of piglets born alive by 1.68 kg (P<0.05), and BW of piglets born alive by 7.09% (P<0.05), but reduced the rate of stillbirths by 67.05%(P<0.05); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased BW of piglets born alive by 4.23%(P=0.096).
3.2 At d 110 of gestation,1% L-Arg supplementation increased plasma concentrations of arginine, ornithine and proline (P<0.05), and serum concentrations of NO and TOS, and serum levels of IgG and IL-10(P<0.05), but reduced serum levels of IFN-y (P<0.05); 0.1% NCG supplementation increased serum levels of IgM and IgG (P<0.05); 1% L-Arg and 0.1% NCG supplementation reduced plasma concentrations of urea (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
1. Dietary supplementation with L-Arg or NCG improved the reproductive performance of pregnant sows by improving the utilization of amino acids and immune function, and reducing the rate of piglets body weight less than 900 g and stillbirths.
2. Effects of dietary supplementation with L-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate on reproductive performance were better during middle and late gestation than during middle gestation, and L-Arg were better than NCG supplementation.
引文
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