外部扰动条件下高温超导YBCO块材在永磁轨道上的磁悬浮性能
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摘要
2000年12月31日,我国西南交通大学超导技术研究所研制成功世界首辆载人高温超导磁悬浮实验车。2004年,德国、俄罗斯也相继研制出了载人高温超导磁悬浮实验车。高温超导磁悬浮车技术以其独特的优势在交通运输领域显示出良好的应用前景和巨大的经济开发潜力。随着对高温超导磁悬浮性能研究的深入,高温超导磁悬浮车技术离实际应用越来越近。因此,很有必要对其进行实用化研究。本论文采用实验和计算相结合的方法,主要研究了实际运行过程中的三种外部扰动条件下高温超导块材在永磁轨道上的磁悬浮性能。实验研究方面,利用国家“863”项目研制的高温超导磁悬浮发射样机系统和高温超导磁悬浮测试装置SCML-2搭建论文所需的实验平台,对轨道坡度、载重、振动条件下的磁悬浮性能进行了相关实验研究。计算方面,论文根据磁通流动和蠕动模型,采用数值计算方法对悬浮于永磁轨道上方的高温超导块材的悬浮力进行计算,并对计算结果的正确性进行了深入细致的实验验证,证明了这种计算方法具有较高的可靠度,同时利用该算法分析了块材在永磁轨道上方运动过程中电流密度分布的变化情况。在此基础上,利用该算法进行相关的计算研究。
本论文首先对轨道坡度情况下的高温超导磁悬浮性能进行了实验研究。作者通过对高温超导磁悬浮车爬坡过程的简化分析,得出研究方案,之后进行了相关的爬坡实验研究;然后首次进行了爬坡过程的模拟实验,主要针对坡度情况下高温超导磁悬浮性能参数(悬浮力、导向力、悬浮力刚度及悬浮高度等)的变化情况进行研究。这一部分内容的研究,国内外尚属首次。
其次,作者对载荷变化条件下的高温超导磁悬浮性能(主要包括车体悬浮高度漂移、悬浮力弛豫)进行了研究。主要针对高温超导磁悬浮实验车在加载和减载条件以及重复加减载条件下的悬浮漂移情况进行了实验研究;然后,作者利用高温超导磁悬浮测试装置对加载条件下悬浮力的弛豫情况进行了实验研究,用以检验计算结果的正确性,实验结果和计算结果显示出较好的一致性;在此基础上,对加载和减载过程中的悬浮力弛豫情况进行了数值仿真计算,并从定量上提出了抑制悬浮力弛豫的方法。国内外暂未发现载荷变化条件下的高温超导磁悬浮车性能研究的相关报道。
再次,实验研究了高温超导磁悬浮实验车在由永磁轨道外场的不均匀性引起振动的情况下低速运行过程中车体的悬浮漂移情况,国内外暂无相关报道。为了探寻振动对磁悬浮性能的影响规律,利用数值计算方法对垂直和水平方向振动条件下块材的悬浮力及电流分布变化规律进行了研究。水平方向振动对磁悬浮性能影响的研究,国内外尚未发现相关报道。
最后,讨论了外部扰动条件下高温超导磁悬浮性能优化方法。主要内容包括悬浮力密度的提高方法、悬浮力磁滞的调节方法和悬浮力弛豫的减小方法。
本论文的研究工作为高温超导磁悬浮车爬坡能力和载重能力的研究奠定了一定的研究基础;同时该研究工作可为高温超导磁悬浮车运行的稳定性和可靠性研究奠定一定的研究基础,并为高温超导磁悬浮车的优化设计提供一定的理论依据。
The first man-loading high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev test vehicle in the world was tested successfully on Dec. 31, 2000 in Applied Superconductivity Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, China. Consequently, in 2004, Germany and Russia developed HTS maglev test vehicles. The HTS maglev vehicle, along with its distinctive and advantageous characteristics, shows a good prospect and has great potential economically in the transportation field. With further research on the characteristics of the HTS maglev vehicle, this technology is coming closer and closer to be a reality. Therefore, practical research on the HTS maglev vehicle technology is necessary. This dissertation mainly studied the maglev characteristics of HTS bulk samples above a permanent magnet guideway (PMG) under three external disturbances both experimentally and computationally. The experimental data were obtained from the platforms that were constructed with the HTS maglev launch prototype system and the HTS maglev measurement system SCML-2 developed by the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863" Program) of China. The maglev characteristics of the YBCO bulk were studied above the PMG with different ramp angles, under loads, and under the presence of vibrations. Computationally, according to the flux flow and creep model, the author adopted numerical method to calculate the levitation force of the HTS bulk above PMG, and concurrently verified experimentally to confirm the validity of the numerical method. Results showed that this method was reliable. In addition, the variation of the current density distribution was analyzed when the bulk traveled above the PMG. Based on the results, relevant calculations were carried out with the same numerical method.
Firstly, the work in this dissertation experimentally investigated the characteristics of the HTS maglev on the PMG with ramp angles. The research scheme was obtained through simplified analysis for the ramp climbing process of the HTS maglev vehicle, and then carried out during the ramp climbing experiment. The simulation experiment was also carried out aiming at the variation of HTS maglev characteristic parameters (levitation force, guidance force, stiffness of levitation force, levitation gap, etc). No such research has been reported until now.
Secondly, the maglev characteristics of the HTS maglev vehicle under loads (drift of the levitation gap, relaxation of the levitation force) were studied. Studies on the drifts of the levitation gap under load, unloaded, and loaded again were carried out. To test the validity of the numerical calculation, the study on the levitation force relaxation of the HTS maglev system under load was carried out experimentally with the HTS maglev measurement system. The results of the experiment showed consistency with the calculation. Based on this, the levitation force relaxation under load and unload process was calculated by this numerical method, and a method which can be employed to decrease the levitation force relaxation was presented. The reports about the research on the characteristics of HTS maglev vehicle under load have not been found.
Thirdly, the research on the drift of the levitation gap of the vehicle body, which was under the vibration caused by the inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic field, was carried out when the vehicle was in the low-speed running process. No such research has been reported until now. In order to study the influence on the maglev characteristics caused by vibrations, investigations on the variation of the levitation force and current density distribution under vertical and horizontal vibrations were carried out. Reports about the study on the effects of horizontal vibration on maglev vehicles have not been found.
Lastly, optimization methods of the HTS maglev performance under external disturbances were discussed, including improving the levitation force density, adjusting levitation force hysteretic behavior and reducing levitation force relaxation.
The work in this dissertation establishes the foundations for the gradeability and loading capacity of the HTS maglev vehicle; at the same time, it help the study of stability and reliability of the HTS maglev vehicle as well as provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the HTS maglev vehicle system.
本论文首先对轨道坡度情况下的高温超导磁悬浮性能进行了实验研究。作者通过对高温超导磁悬浮车爬坡过程的简化分析,得出研究方案,之后进行了相关的爬坡实验研究;然后首次进行了爬坡过程的模拟实验,主要针对坡度情况下高温超导磁悬浮性能参数(悬浮力、导向力、悬浮力刚度及悬浮高度等)的变化情况进行研究。这一部分内容的研究,国内外尚属首次。
其次,作者对载荷变化条件下的高温超导磁悬浮性能(主要包括车体悬浮高度漂移、悬浮力弛豫)进行了研究。主要针对高温超导磁悬浮实验车在加载和减载条件以及重复加减载条件下的悬浮漂移情况进行了实验研究;然后,作者利用高温超导磁悬浮测试装置对加载条件下悬浮力的弛豫情况进行了实验研究,用以检验计算结果的正确性,实验结果和计算结果显示出较好的一致性;在此基础上,对加载和减载过程中的悬浮力弛豫情况进行了数值仿真计算,并从定量上提出了抑制悬浮力弛豫的方法。国内外暂未发现载荷变化条件下的高温超导磁悬浮车性能研究的相关报道。
再次,实验研究了高温超导磁悬浮实验车在由永磁轨道外场的不均匀性引起振动的情况下低速运行过程中车体的悬浮漂移情况,国内外暂无相关报道。为了探寻振动对磁悬浮性能的影响规律,利用数值计算方法对垂直和水平方向振动条件下块材的悬浮力及电流分布变化规律进行了研究。水平方向振动对磁悬浮性能影响的研究,国内外尚未发现相关报道。
最后,讨论了外部扰动条件下高温超导磁悬浮性能优化方法。主要内容包括悬浮力密度的提高方法、悬浮力磁滞的调节方法和悬浮力弛豫的减小方法。
本论文的研究工作为高温超导磁悬浮车爬坡能力和载重能力的研究奠定了一定的研究基础;同时该研究工作可为高温超导磁悬浮车运行的稳定性和可靠性研究奠定一定的研究基础,并为高温超导磁悬浮车的优化设计提供一定的理论依据。
The first man-loading high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev test vehicle in the world was tested successfully on Dec. 31, 2000 in Applied Superconductivity Laboratory, Southwest Jiaotong University, China. Consequently, in 2004, Germany and Russia developed HTS maglev test vehicles. The HTS maglev vehicle, along with its distinctive and advantageous characteristics, shows a good prospect and has great potential economically in the transportation field. With further research on the characteristics of the HTS maglev vehicle, this technology is coming closer and closer to be a reality. Therefore, practical research on the HTS maglev vehicle technology is necessary. This dissertation mainly studied the maglev characteristics of HTS bulk samples above a permanent magnet guideway (PMG) under three external disturbances both experimentally and computationally. The experimental data were obtained from the platforms that were constructed with the HTS maglev launch prototype system and the HTS maglev measurement system SCML-2 developed by the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863" Program) of China. The maglev characteristics of the YBCO bulk were studied above the PMG with different ramp angles, under loads, and under the presence of vibrations. Computationally, according to the flux flow and creep model, the author adopted numerical method to calculate the levitation force of the HTS bulk above PMG, and concurrently verified experimentally to confirm the validity of the numerical method. Results showed that this method was reliable. In addition, the variation of the current density distribution was analyzed when the bulk traveled above the PMG. Based on the results, relevant calculations were carried out with the same numerical method.
Firstly, the work in this dissertation experimentally investigated the characteristics of the HTS maglev on the PMG with ramp angles. The research scheme was obtained through simplified analysis for the ramp climbing process of the HTS maglev vehicle, and then carried out during the ramp climbing experiment. The simulation experiment was also carried out aiming at the variation of HTS maglev characteristic parameters (levitation force, guidance force, stiffness of levitation force, levitation gap, etc). No such research has been reported until now.
Secondly, the maglev characteristics of the HTS maglev vehicle under loads (drift of the levitation gap, relaxation of the levitation force) were studied. Studies on the drifts of the levitation gap under load, unloaded, and loaded again were carried out. To test the validity of the numerical calculation, the study on the levitation force relaxation of the HTS maglev system under load was carried out experimentally with the HTS maglev measurement system. The results of the experiment showed consistency with the calculation. Based on this, the levitation force relaxation under load and unload process was calculated by this numerical method, and a method which can be employed to decrease the levitation force relaxation was presented. The reports about the research on the characteristics of HTS maglev vehicle under load have not been found.
Thirdly, the research on the drift of the levitation gap of the vehicle body, which was under the vibration caused by the inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic field, was carried out when the vehicle was in the low-speed running process. No such research has been reported until now. In order to study the influence on the maglev characteristics caused by vibrations, investigations on the variation of the levitation force and current density distribution under vertical and horizontal vibrations were carried out. Reports about the study on the effects of horizontal vibration on maglev vehicles have not been found.
Lastly, optimization methods of the HTS maglev performance under external disturbances were discussed, including improving the levitation force density, adjusting levitation force hysteretic behavior and reducing levitation force relaxation.
The work in this dissertation establishes the foundations for the gradeability and loading capacity of the HTS maglev vehicle; at the same time, it help the study of stability and reliability of the HTS maglev vehicle as well as provide a theoretical basis for the optimization design of the HTS maglev vehicle system.
引文
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