基于OpenGIS的林业信息服务平台的构建
摘要
现代林业是实现生态文明的重要组成部分,林业信息化则是建设现代林业的基础和重要标志。建设林业信息服务平台是林业信息化过程中的重要手段。地理数据的共享一直是制约地理信息系统发展的重要方面,林业地理信息系统服务平台也不例外。OpenGIS规范致力于解决不同系统不同数据结构的空间数据之间的互操作问题。
用开源软件进行基于OpenGIS的林业信息服务平台的构建,不仅能实现昂贵的商业软件带来的效果,更带来了经济上的实惠以及功能的可扩展性。PostGIS开源数据库以其不逊于任何商业软件的对于空间数据的管理处理功能成为开源数据库中的佼佼者,被用于多个项目中并取得了良好的效果。GeoServer作为空间数据库服务器,能对多种空间数据库、多种数据格式的空间数据进行数据的发布功能,并能对数据进行操作,从而屏蔽了数据因为结构的不同而不能进行共享的限制。
本文首先介绍项目研究的背景、国内外关于OpenGIS在林业信息服务中的应用研究现状,接着对涉及到的相关理论技术进行了充分的研究,包括与OpenGIS相关的理论与技术、基于OpenGIS的林业信息服务平台、空间数据库的相关概念,其中,重点讲述了基础空间数据的预处理、数字化、入库以及管理过程,还有与平台应用相关的技术；对平台的逻辑结构、功能结构进行分析设计,运用遵循OpenGIS规范的系列开源软件：开源数据库PostGIS、数据库服务器GeoServer、客户端开源软件OpenLayer以及空间数据处理中间件GeoTools,基于J2EE框架对平台进行开发,实现用户管理、数据管理、地图数据服务、专题系统接口、综合信息发布等功能模块。
Modern forestry plays an important role in realizing ecological civilization, while basing forestry on information is the foundation and key guideline of modern foretry development. With basing forestry on information, building a forestry information service platform is regarded as a vital measure. Common pool in geodata is always a limitation to promote GIS, as well as to forestry GIS service platform. OpenGIS standard aims at settling the interoperation among special data in different sysytems and data structure.
It is better to build a forestry information service platform on the foundation of open resource software. This software not only has the equal effect which dear business software has, but also saves money and has an extendibility in function. As PostGIS open resource database has a function which is no worse than any business software in managering and dealing with special data, it outlines in all of databases and is uesd into many programs along with good result. GeoServer is a server of special databases and has a function in publish data from many special databases and special data in many data format. What's more, it can take operation on data so that the limitation—unable to share information because of differing in structure—is removed. It is a key point to publish maps in GIS.
This paper first describes the backgrounds of research project, status quo of domestic and international application research of forestry information services on the OpenGIS, then on the basis of full study on the theory of technology, including the theory and technology related OpenGIS, OpenGIS-based forestry information service platform, spatial database concepts, pre-process, digitization, storage and management the related spatial data; analysis and design the logical structure and function of the platform, The series follows the OpenGIS specification using open source software:open source database PostGIS, Database Server GeoServer, client-side open source software and spatial data processing middleware OpenLayer GeoTools, the platform based on J2EE framework for developing, implementing user management, data management, map data services, special system interface, comprehensive information dissemination and other functional modules.
用开源软件进行基于OpenGIS的林业信息服务平台的构建,不仅能实现昂贵的商业软件带来的效果,更带来了经济上的实惠以及功能的可扩展性。PostGIS开源数据库以其不逊于任何商业软件的对于空间数据的管理处理功能成为开源数据库中的佼佼者,被用于多个项目中并取得了良好的效果。GeoServer作为空间数据库服务器,能对多种空间数据库、多种数据格式的空间数据进行数据的发布功能,并能对数据进行操作,从而屏蔽了数据因为结构的不同而不能进行共享的限制。
本文首先介绍项目研究的背景、国内外关于OpenGIS在林业信息服务中的应用研究现状,接着对涉及到的相关理论技术进行了充分的研究,包括与OpenGIS相关的理论与技术、基于OpenGIS的林业信息服务平台、空间数据库的相关概念,其中,重点讲述了基础空间数据的预处理、数字化、入库以及管理过程,还有与平台应用相关的技术；对平台的逻辑结构、功能结构进行分析设计,运用遵循OpenGIS规范的系列开源软件：开源数据库PostGIS、数据库服务器GeoServer、客户端开源软件OpenLayer以及空间数据处理中间件GeoTools,基于J2EE框架对平台进行开发,实现用户管理、数据管理、地图数据服务、专题系统接口、综合信息发布等功能模块。
Modern forestry plays an important role in realizing ecological civilization, while basing forestry on information is the foundation and key guideline of modern foretry development. With basing forestry on information, building a forestry information service platform is regarded as a vital measure. Common pool in geodata is always a limitation to promote GIS, as well as to forestry GIS service platform. OpenGIS standard aims at settling the interoperation among special data in different sysytems and data structure.
It is better to build a forestry information service platform on the foundation of open resource software. This software not only has the equal effect which dear business software has, but also saves money and has an extendibility in function. As PostGIS open resource database has a function which is no worse than any business software in managering and dealing with special data, it outlines in all of databases and is uesd into many programs along with good result. GeoServer is a server of special databases and has a function in publish data from many special databases and special data in many data format. What's more, it can take operation on data so that the limitation—unable to share information because of differing in structure—is removed. It is a key point to publish maps in GIS.
This paper first describes the backgrounds of research project, status quo of domestic and international application research of forestry information services on the OpenGIS, then on the basis of full study on the theory of technology, including the theory and technology related OpenGIS, OpenGIS-based forestry information service platform, spatial database concepts, pre-process, digitization, storage and management the related spatial data; analysis and design the logical structure and function of the platform, The series follows the OpenGIS specification using open source software:open source database PostGIS, Database Server GeoServer, client-side open source software and spatial data processing middleware OpenLayer GeoTools, the platform based on J2EE framework for developing, implementing user management, data management, map data services, special system interface, comprehensive information dissemination and other functional modules.
引文
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[34]Gholam Reza Fallahi, Andrew U. Frank, Mohammad Saadi Mesgari, Abbas Rajabifard. An ontological structure for semantic interoperability of GIS and environmental modeling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,9,10(3):342-357
[35]吴小芳,蔡忠亮,邬国锋,杜清运.基于数据引擎思想的GIS数据集成与共享.测绘工程,2003,9,12(3)
[36]蔡璐,伍艺.农村公共文化信息网络服务平台的构建.农业现代化研究,2009,3,30(2)
[37]黄妮妮,廖永生.基于MDB的OpenGIS统一数据交换格式探讨.南方国土资,2007,11
[38]李红勋,柯水发,温亚利,于百川.中国区域林业非均衡发展分析.北京林业大学学报,2009,12,8(4)
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[41]Claudia Hess, Marian de Vries. From models to data:A prototype Query Translator for the cadastral domain. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2006,9,30(5):529-542
[42]余冬梅,曹阳,高虎.GIS中空间数据结构综述.福建电脑,2010(2)
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[2]李世明,李增元等.利用开源软件开发基于WebGIS的县级林业空间信息共享系统.2006,7,42(7)
[3]C.Farcy, B.de Terwangne, P.Blerot. A distributed information system for public forest and wildlife management in the Walloon Region (Belgium) using open GIS standards. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,6,47(3):207-220
[4]杨建宇,杨崇俊,刘冬林,明冬萍.基于组建的Web GIS关键技术研究.小型微型计算机系统,2005,6,26(6)
[5]Seongeun Jeong,Yao Liang, Xu Liang. Design of an integrated data retrieval, analysis, and visualization system. Application in the hydrology domain Environmental Modelling & Software,2006,12,21 (12):1722-1740
[6]周炎坤,李满春,王志兵.开放式地理信息系统的初步研究.微型电脑应用,1999,15(10).
[7]徐开明.地理信息公共服务平台建设与现代测绘服务模式.地理信息世界,2006,6(3)
[8]Arnald Marcer,Victor Garcia, Agusti Escobar,Xavier Pons. Handling historical information on protected-area systems and coverage. An information system for the Natura 2000 European context.Environmental Modelling & Software,2010,8,25(8):956-964
[9]Rafael Moreno-Sanchez,Mary Hayden,CraigJanes,Geoffrey Anderson. A web-based multimedia spatial information system to document Aedes aegypti breeding sites and dengue fever risk along the US-Mexico border. Health & Place,2006,12,12(4):715-727
[10]郑美芳,古辉.基于WebGIS的教育信息服务平台的建设.电脑学习,2009,12,(6)
[11]周艳明,陈镇虎.分布式GIS软件体系结构.计算机工程,2001,9,27(9)
[12]任金铜,王志红.基于开源软件的WebGIS框架设计研究.测绘标准化,2010:26(1)
[13]A.R.Graves, P.J.Burgess, J.H.N.Palma, F.Herzog, G Moreno, M. Bertomeu, C.Dupraz, F. Liagre, K. Keesman, W. van der Werf, A. Koeffeman de Nooy, J.P. van den Briel. Development and application of bio-economic modelling to compare silvoarable, arable, and forestry systems in three European countries. Ecological Engineering, 2007,4,29(4):434-449
[14]刘纬梅,苏成岭,孟丽秋.开放式地理信息系统OpenGIS网络服务研究.科技信息,2009,(2)
[15]Tatiana Delgado-Fernandez, Dora Ines Rey-Martinez, Martha Ivette Chaparro-Dominguez. Metadata Standards Development Activities in Central and South America and the Caribbean. World Spatial Metadata Standards,2005:103-121
[16]易善桢,李琦,承继成.互操作GIS模型及其在空间信息基础设施体系结构中的实现途径[J].中国图象图形学报,1999,4A(11):991-995
[17]田波,丁丽霞,周云轩,汤臣栋.多层分布式林业信息服务平台的构建.浙江林学院学报,2006,23(4):429-434
[18]肖广强,陆守一,唐丽华.基于WebGIS构建森林资源信息发布系统.林业资源管理,2003,(4)：70-72
[19]蔡璐,伍艺.农村公共文化信息网络服务平台的构建.农业现代化研究,2009,3,30(2).
[20]王心同.中国林业发展的经济政策研究.北京林业大学2007年博士学位论文
[21]Glenn Dale, Mark Dieters. Economic returns from environmental problems:Breeding salt-and drought-tolerant eucalypts for salinity abatement and commercial forestry. Ecological Engineering,2007,11,31(3):175-182
[22]白玉琪,杨崇俊,刘冬林,朱华吉,卢亚辉,芮小平.基于OpenGIS WMS的空间信息搜索引擎系统原型.中国图象图形学报,2004,1,9(1)
[23]Peter Beaumont, Paul A. Longley, David J. Maguire. Geographic information portals—a UK perspective. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2005,1,29(1):49-69
[24]Peter A. Minang, Hans Th.A. Bressers, Margaret M. Skutsch, Michael K. McCall. National forest policy as a platform for biosphere carbon management:the case of community forestry in Cameroon. Environmental Science & Policy,2007,5,10(3):204-218
[25]Melanie Hughes McDermott. Locating benefits:Decision-spaces, resource access and equity in US community-based forestry. Geoforum,2009,3,40(2):249-259
[26]Kathy X. Tang, Nigel M. Waters. The internet, GIS and public participation in trans-portation planning. Progress in Planning,2005,7,64(1):7-62
[27]T.-X.Yue, Z.-P.Du, Y.-J. Song。 Spatial Models and Geographic Information Systems. Encyclopedia of Ecology,2008:3315-3325
[28]Martin Dawson.The Internet location services model. Computer Communications, 2008,4,31(6):1104-1113
[29]BISHER Y. Overcoming the semantic and other barriers to GIS interoperability [J].INT. J. Geographic Information Science,1998,12 (4):299-314
[30]于海龙,邬伦.OpenGIS参考模型ORM及地理信息服务应用模式.地理与地理信息科学,2004,9,20(5)
[31]方裕,周成虎,景贵飞,陆锋,骆剑承.第四代GIS软件研究.中国图像图形学报,2001,9.6(9)
[32]A. Schuck, G. Andrienko, N. Andrienko, S. Folving, M. K?hl, S. Miina, R. P?ivinen, T. Richards, H. Voss. The European Forest Information System—an Internet based interface between information providers and the user community. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,6,47(3):185-206
[33]Yuan Xiang-ru, Gong jian-ya, Lin Hui et al. Internet GIS approach to interoperability of heterogeneous geographic information processing environment[J]. Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping(WTUSM),1999,9,24(3)
[34]Gholam Reza Fallahi, Andrew U. Frank, Mohammad Saadi Mesgari, Abbas Rajabifard. An ontological structure for semantic interoperability of GIS and environmental modeling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,9,10(3):342-357
[35]吴小芳,蔡忠亮,邬国锋,杜清运.基于数据引擎思想的GIS数据集成与共享.测绘工程,2003,9,12(3)
[36]蔡璐,伍艺.农村公共文化信息网络服务平台的构建.农业现代化研究,2009,3,30(2)
[37]黄妮妮,廖永生.基于MDB的OpenGIS统一数据交换格式探讨.南方国土资,2007,11
[38]李红勋,柯水发,温亚利,于百川.中国区域林业非均衡发展分析.北京林业大学学报,2009,12,8(4)
[39]朱华吉,吴华瑞,冯臣,钟熙,孙想.GIS在新农村建设信息服务平台中的应用.农机化研究,2008,6,(6)
[40]F. Carbone, S. Savelli. Forestry programmes and the contribution of the forestry research community to the Italy experience. Forest Policy and Economics,2009,11,11(7):508-515
[41]Claudia Hess, Marian de Vries. From models to data:A prototype Query Translator for the cadastral domain. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems,2006,9,30(5):529-542
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