LD端面泵浦的全固化单频蓝光激光器
摘要
全固体化激光器是一种优良的新型光源，在工业、科研、军事等领域发挥着越来越大的作用，一直是近年来激光领域研究的热点之一。激光二极管端面泵浦的固体激光器具有效率高、谱线窄、寿命长、结构简单、使用方便等优点，特别是采用环行谐振腔内加光学单向器构成的单频激光器，由于频率稳定，使其成为许多高水平量子光学实验的主要光源。本论文围绕全固态单频蓝，绿，红外激光器进行了一系列实验研究工作。
1) 设计完成了全固化单频蓝光激光器。首先，我们对增益介质的性质和非线性晶体BBO和LBO的一些性质进行了比较，选取Nd：YAG作为增益介质，LBO作为倍频晶体。理论上分析了激光器设计中的一些参数值，如增益介质长度、模式交叠率、最佳倍频条件，并根据理论分析结果设计了谐振腔。测量了输出激光偏振方向随泵浦光偏振方向变化的关系曲线，得出用线偏振光泵浦时输出激光的偏振度大约为8：1，加Ⅰ类位相匹配的倍频晶体后，基频光的偏振度大于150：1。根据这个结论，无需在腔内插入起偏器，基频光就能偏振运转。在此基础上，我们在实验上设计完成了全固化单频蓝光激光器。在2.4W泵浦功率下，最大单频蓝光输出功率为12mW，光．光转化效率为0.5％，实测的蓝光功率稳定性优于±1.5％，自由运转时的频率漂移小于±22MHz(1分钟)，输出蓝光的光束质量接近衍射极限，腰斑不对称度为1.06。
2) 实验上得到了高效全固化单频Nd：YVO_4激光器。实验上测量了激光器的内腔损耗，并计算得到在泵浦功率等于2.2W时，最佳输出耦合透射率T_(opt)=5.2％。我们用透射率T=4.9％的镜片作为输出镜，当泵浦功率等于2.2W时，最大单频红外激光输出为1W，斜效率为54.1％。
3)试制了整体腔瓦级连续单频绿光激光器，获得1.3W稳定的单频绿光输出，单频绿光激光器的长期功率稳定度小于±1.5％(3小时)。
All-Solid-State laser is an advantage lamp-house.It has many important applications and potential commercial value in many fields,such as industry, scientific research, military.So it's always the research focus of laser field.diode end-pumped solid-state laser has many merits.including high efficiency,long lifetime,high frequency stability,narrow line width,compact configuration,convenient for use et al,which made her a necessity in many high level quantum optics experiments.In this thesis,A series of experiment research was done with regard to blue laser,green laser and infrared laser.
1.) Designing and completing the all-solid-state blue laser of single-frequency operation. Firstly,We analyze the character of Nd:YAG,BBO and LBO,For Nd:YAG crystal and select the Nd:YAG as the gain medium and LBO as doubling-frequency crystal.ln the theory, Analyzing the parameter of the gain medium length ,the ratio of the pump- and laser-beam waists.Based on the above analysis, We design the resonance cavity. In the experiment, We make the curve of the relation of the output light's polarization direction and pump light's polarization direction.and the result is 8:1 of the output light's polarization rate, when the pump light is linear polarization. Using the above analysis. We design the blue laser of single-frequency operation. When the power of pumping light equals to 2.4W,The outputting power is 12mW of blue laser and 13mW of infrared light, M2 of the laser beam is 1.02 in x direction and 1.14 in y direction and asymmetry is 1.062 only to the astigmation of the ring cavity, the intensity fluctuations
and frequency shift of the laser output is less than
±1.5% and better than
±5.4MHz,respetively,when the laser is free running.
2.)In the base of the optimum the cavity parameter. We gain the high efficient Nd:YVO4 laser of single-frequency operation. Measuring the intracavity loss of laser.In the theory ,We analyze the relation of output power and input power of the different transmission rate of output mirror.Using the experiment validated the theory result. The experiment result accord with the theory's.When the transmission rate of output mirror equal to 4.9 percent.The output power is 1W. The slope efficiency is 54.1%.
3.)Designing and completing the CW YVO4/KTP laser of the whole cavity with watt level. And obtaining the 1.3W green laser of single-frequency operation, the fluctuations of the laser's power is less than
±1.5%(3 hour),when the laser is free running.
1) 设计完成了全固化单频蓝光激光器。首先，我们对增益介质的性质和非线性晶体BBO和LBO的一些性质进行了比较，选取Nd：YAG作为增益介质，LBO作为倍频晶体。理论上分析了激光器设计中的一些参数值，如增益介质长度、模式交叠率、最佳倍频条件，并根据理论分析结果设计了谐振腔。测量了输出激光偏振方向随泵浦光偏振方向变化的关系曲线，得出用线偏振光泵浦时输出激光的偏振度大约为8：1，加Ⅰ类位相匹配的倍频晶体后，基频光的偏振度大于150：1。根据这个结论，无需在腔内插入起偏器，基频光就能偏振运转。在此基础上，我们在实验上设计完成了全固化单频蓝光激光器。在2.4W泵浦功率下，最大单频蓝光输出功率为12mW，光．光转化效率为0.5％，实测的蓝光功率稳定性优于±1.5％，自由运转时的频率漂移小于±22MHz(1分钟)，输出蓝光的光束质量接近衍射极限，腰斑不对称度为1.06。
2) 实验上得到了高效全固化单频Nd：YVO_4激光器。实验上测量了激光器的内腔损耗，并计算得到在泵浦功率等于2.2W时，最佳输出耦合透射率T_(opt)=5.2％。我们用透射率T=4.9％的镜片作为输出镜，当泵浦功率等于2.2W时，最大单频红外激光输出为1W，斜效率为54.1％。
3)试制了整体腔瓦级连续单频绿光激光器，获得1.3W稳定的单频绿光输出，单频绿光激光器的长期功率稳定度小于±1.5％(3小时)。
All-Solid-State laser is an advantage lamp-house.It has many important applications and potential commercial value in many fields,such as industry, scientific research, military.So it's always the research focus of laser field.diode end-pumped solid-state laser has many merits.including high efficiency,long lifetime,high frequency stability,narrow line width,compact configuration,convenient for use et al,which made her a necessity in many high level quantum optics experiments.In this thesis,A series of experiment research was done with regard to blue laser,green laser and infrared laser.
1.) Designing and completing the all-solid-state blue laser of single-frequency operation. Firstly,We analyze the character of Nd:YAG,BBO and LBO,For Nd:YAG crystal and select the Nd:YAG as the gain medium and LBO as doubling-frequency crystal.ln the theory, Analyzing the parameter of the gain medium length ,the ratio of the pump- and laser-beam waists.Based on the above analysis, We design the resonance cavity. In the experiment, We make the curve of the relation of the output light's polarization direction and pump light's polarization direction.and the result is 8:1 of the output light's polarization rate, when the pump light is linear polarization. Using the above analysis. We design the blue laser of single-frequency operation. When the power of pumping light equals to 2.4W,The outputting power is 12mW of blue laser and 13mW of infrared light, M2 of the laser beam is 1.02 in x direction and 1.14 in y direction and asymmetry is 1.062 only to the astigmation of the ring cavity, the intensity fluctuations
and frequency shift of the laser output is less than
±1.5% and better than
±5.4MHz,respetively,when the laser is free running.
2.)In the base of the optimum the cavity parameter. We gain the high efficient Nd:YVO4 laser of single-frequency operation. Measuring the intracavity loss of laser.In the theory ,We analyze the relation of output power and input power of the different transmission rate of output mirror.Using the experiment validated the theory result. The experiment result accord with the theory's.When the transmission rate of output mirror equal to 4.9 percent.The output power is 1W. The slope efficiency is 54.1%.
3.)Designing and completing the CW YVO4/KTP laser of the whole cavity with watt level. And obtaining the 1.3W green laser of single-frequency operation, the fluctuations of the laser's power is less than
±1.5%(3 hour),when the laser is free running.
引文
1. R. Newman, J, Appl. Phys., 34(1963)437
2. R. J. Keyes et al., Appl.Phys. Lett., 4(1964)50
3. M. Ross, Proc, IEEE, 56(1968) 196
4. Danielmeyer et al. J. Appl. Phys., 43(1972)2911
5. L. J. Rosenkrantz, J. Appl. Phys. 43(1973)4603
6. R. B. Chesler, Appl. Phys. Lett., 23(1973)235
7. D. A. Draegert, IEEE J QE, 9(1973)1146
8. R. B. Chesler, J. Appl. Phys., 44(1973)5443
9. K. Washio, Appl. Phys. Lett., 29(1976)720
10. R. B. Chesler, J. Appl. Phys., 44(1973)5441
11. Liu Junhai, Lu Junhua, Li Guangming et, Efficient 15-W CW Nd: YVO4 Solid-state Laser Single-end-pumped by a Fiber-epupled Diode-laser-array, Joural of china laser
12．彭堃墀，李瑞宁，黄茂全等稳频环行Nd：YAG激光器，16(8)1989
13．郜江瑞，张小虎，李军等，连续Nd：YAG稳频倍频激光器18(10)1991
14．张宽收，张云，谢常德，彭堃墀，全固化非平面单频Nd：YAG环行激光器，16(8)1996
15. Gao Jiangrui, Wang Hai, Peng Kunchi et, Intracavity frequency-doubled and stabilized cw ring Nd: YAG laser with a jpair of KTP crystals, 34(9) 1995
16. Qing Pan,Tiancai Zhang, Kunchi Peng et, Intracavity frequency-doubled and frequency-stabilized cw ring Nd: YAP laser, 37(12)1998
17．李小英，荆杰泰，彭堃墀等，LD抽运Ⅱ类非临界位相匹配内腔倍频单频Nd：YAP／KTP激光器的设计，28(10)2001，
18．张靖，张宽收，彭堃墀等，全固化单频Nd：YVO_4环行激光器27(8)2000
19. T. Takase, Y. Akiyama, A. Takada et al., CLEO'2000 CtuE2 P 198
20. Jim J. Chang, Ernie PISragon, and Isaac L. Bass, CLEO'98 CPD2
21. E. C. Honea, et al., Opt. Lett., 1203(1998)
22. William L. Nighan, Laser Focus World, April(1996)63
23. Zhang Hengli, Hou Wei et al., Chin. Journal of lasers, Vol. B9(2000)30
24．来引娟 硕士毕业论文
25. W. P. Risk, and W. Lenth, Opt. Lett., 1987, 12(12)
26. W. P. Risk, SPIE, 1989, 104
27. D. G. Mattews, R. S. Conray, B. D. Sinclair and N. Mackinnon, Opt. Lett., 1996, 21
28. M. Pierrou and F. Laurell et al, Opt. Lett., 1999, 24
29. P. Zeller and P. Peuser, Opt. Lett., 2000, 25
30. P. X. Li, D. H. Li, Z. G. Zhang and S. W. Zhang Chia, Phys. Lett., 20(7). 2003
31. C. Czeranowsky, E. Heumann, and F. Huber., Opt. Lett., 28(6). 2003
32. C. Czeranowsky, E. Heumann, and G. Huber," All-solid-state continuous-wave frequency-doubled Nd: YAG-BiBO laser weth 2.8W output power at 473nm", Optics Letters. 28(6), 432-434(2003)
33．刘伟仁，霍玉晶，何淑芳，激光二极管抽运的全固体457nm深蓝激光器，光学学报，22(8)，2002
34．《激光晶体》编写组，激光晶体。
35. T. Kellner, F. Heine and G. Huber "Efficient laser performance of Nd: YAG at 946nm and intracavity frequency doubling with LiJO_3, β-BaB_2O_4, and LiB_3O_5", Appl Phys B. 65(6), 789-792 (1997)
36. C. Q. Wang, L. Reekie, Y. T. Chow and W. A. Gambling, "Efficient blue ligut generation from a diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser", optics communications 167(1999) 155-158.
37. Pingxue Li, Dehua Li, Zhiguo Zhang and Shiwen Zhang, "Diode-pumped high-power cw blue laser at 473nm with a compact three-element eavity", Opties Communications 215(2003)159-162
38. T. Kellner, F. Heine, G. Huber, Efficient laser performance of Nd: YAG at 946nm and intraeavity frequency doubling with LiJO_3, β- BaB_2O_4, and LiB_3O_5, Appl. Phya. B 65, 789-792(1997)
39. T. Y. Fan, R. L. Byer, "Modeling and CW Operation of a Quasi-Three-Level 946nm Nd: YAG Laser", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 23(5)(1987)
40. Efficient generation of blue light by frequency doubling of a Nd: YAG laser operating on ~4F_(3/2)→~4I_(9/2) transitions, S. Bjurshagen, D. Evekull, R. Koch,
Appl. Phys. B 76. 135-141(2003)
41. Compact Blue-Green Lasers., W. P. Risk, T. R. Gosneel, and A. V. Nurmikko., Cambridge University Press
42．张靖，硕士论文
43．王海，博士论文
44．郑权，钱龙生等，LD泵浦的Nd：YAG／Cr：YAG激光器偏振特性的研究，激光与红外，2002，32(4)：248-249
45．郑权，薛庆华，王军营，全固态单频绿光、蓝光激光器的研究，激光产品世界，3，2003
46. D. G. Matthews, R. S. Conroy, and B. D. Sinclair., Blue microchip laser fabricated from Nd: YAG and KNbO_3., 21(3)1995
47. International Organization for Standardization.Terminology and test methods for lasers [S]. ISO/TC 172/Sc 9/WGI N14, No. 2, 1991
48．吴晗平．激光光束质量的评价与应用分析，光学 精密工程8(2)2000
49．刘均海，卢建仁，吕军华，邵宗书，蒋明华．半导体激光器端面抽运高功率高效Nd：YVO_4激光器．中国激光．2000，27(2)：110-112
50. K. I. Martin, W. A. Clarkson, D. C. Hanna. Hith-power single-frequeney operation, at 1064nm and 1061.4nm of a Nd: YAG ring laser end-pumped by a beam-shaped diode bar Optics Communications. 1997, 135(2): 89-92
51．崔芙云，王海波，马艳，郜江瑞．激光二极管抽运的高输出单频稳频 Nd：YVO_4激光器．光学学报．2001，21(3)：271-273
52．W．克希耐尔，固体激光工程
53. Zhang Jing, Xie Changde Peng Kuichi. Controlled dense coding for continuous variables using three-particle entanglement states. Phys. Rev. A, 2002, 66
54．王海波，马艳，翟泽辉，郜江瑞，彭堃墀，LD端面泵浦的1.5W单频稳频绿光激光器，29(2)2002
2. R. J. Keyes et al., Appl.Phys. Lett., 4(1964)50
3. M. Ross, Proc, IEEE, 56(1968) 196
4. Danielmeyer et al. J. Appl. Phys., 43(1972)2911
5. L. J. Rosenkrantz, J. Appl. Phys. 43(1973)4603
6. R. B. Chesler, Appl. Phys. Lett., 23(1973)235
7. D. A. Draegert, IEEE J QE, 9(1973)1146
8. R. B. Chesler, J. Appl. Phys., 44(1973)5443
9. K. Washio, Appl. Phys. Lett., 29(1976)720
10. R. B. Chesler, J. Appl. Phys., 44(1973)5441
11. Liu Junhai, Lu Junhua, Li Guangming et, Efficient 15-W CW Nd: YVO4 Solid-state Laser Single-end-pumped by a Fiber-epupled Diode-laser-array, Joural of china laser
12．彭堃墀，李瑞宁，黄茂全等稳频环行Nd：YAG激光器，16(8)1989
13．郜江瑞，张小虎，李军等，连续Nd：YAG稳频倍频激光器18(10)1991
14．张宽收，张云，谢常德，彭堃墀，全固化非平面单频Nd：YAG环行激光器，16(8)1996
15. Gao Jiangrui, Wang Hai, Peng Kunchi et, Intracavity frequency-doubled and stabilized cw ring Nd: YAG laser with a jpair of KTP crystals, 34(9) 1995
16. Qing Pan,Tiancai Zhang, Kunchi Peng et, Intracavity frequency-doubled and frequency-stabilized cw ring Nd: YAP laser, 37(12)1998
17．李小英，荆杰泰，彭堃墀等，LD抽运Ⅱ类非临界位相匹配内腔倍频单频Nd：YAP／KTP激光器的设计，28(10)2001，
18．张靖，张宽收，彭堃墀等，全固化单频Nd：YVO_4环行激光器27(8)2000
19. T. Takase, Y. Akiyama, A. Takada et al., CLEO'2000 CtuE2 P 198
20. Jim J. Chang, Ernie PISragon, and Isaac L. Bass, CLEO'98 CPD2
21. E. C. Honea, et al., Opt. Lett., 1203(1998)
22. William L. Nighan, Laser Focus World, April(1996)63
23. Zhang Hengli, Hou Wei et al., Chin. Journal of lasers, Vol. B9(2000)30
24．来引娟 硕士毕业论文
25. W. P. Risk, and W. Lenth, Opt. Lett., 1987, 12(12)
26. W. P. Risk, SPIE, 1989, 104
27. D. G. Mattews, R. S. Conray, B. D. Sinclair and N. Mackinnon, Opt. Lett., 1996, 21
28. M. Pierrou and F. Laurell et al, Opt. Lett., 1999, 24
29. P. Zeller and P. Peuser, Opt. Lett., 2000, 25
30. P. X. Li, D. H. Li, Z. G. Zhang and S. W. Zhang Chia, Phys. Lett., 20(7). 2003
31. C. Czeranowsky, E. Heumann, and F. Huber., Opt. Lett., 28(6). 2003
32. C. Czeranowsky, E. Heumann, and G. Huber," All-solid-state continuous-wave frequency-doubled Nd: YAG-BiBO laser weth 2.8W output power at 473nm", Optics Letters. 28(6), 432-434(2003)
33．刘伟仁，霍玉晶，何淑芳，激光二极管抽运的全固体457nm深蓝激光器，光学学报，22(8)，2002
34．《激光晶体》编写组，激光晶体。
35. T. Kellner, F. Heine and G. Huber "Efficient laser performance of Nd: YAG at 946nm and intracavity frequency doubling with LiJO_3, β-BaB_2O_4, and LiB_3O_5", Appl Phys B. 65(6), 789-792 (1997)
36. C. Q. Wang, L. Reekie, Y. T. Chow and W. A. Gambling, "Efficient blue ligut generation from a diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser", optics communications 167(1999) 155-158.
37. Pingxue Li, Dehua Li, Zhiguo Zhang and Shiwen Zhang, "Diode-pumped high-power cw blue laser at 473nm with a compact three-element eavity", Opties Communications 215(2003)159-162
38. T. Kellner, F. Heine, G. Huber, Efficient laser performance of Nd: YAG at 946nm and intraeavity frequency doubling with LiJO_3, β- BaB_2O_4, and LiB_3O_5, Appl. Phya. B 65, 789-792(1997)
39. T. Y. Fan, R. L. Byer, "Modeling and CW Operation of a Quasi-Three-Level 946nm Nd: YAG Laser", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 23(5)(1987)
40. Efficient generation of blue light by frequency doubling of a Nd: YAG laser operating on ~4F_(3/2)→~4I_(9/2) transitions, S. Bjurshagen, D. Evekull, R. Koch,
Appl. Phys. B 76. 135-141(2003)
41. Compact Blue-Green Lasers., W. P. Risk, T. R. Gosneel, and A. V. Nurmikko., Cambridge University Press
42．张靖，硕士论文
43．王海，博士论文
44．郑权，钱龙生等，LD泵浦的Nd：YAG／Cr：YAG激光器偏振特性的研究，激光与红外，2002，32(4)：248-249
45．郑权，薛庆华，王军营，全固态单频绿光、蓝光激光器的研究，激光产品世界，3，2003
46. D. G. Matthews, R. S. Conroy, and B. D. Sinclair., Blue microchip laser fabricated from Nd: YAG and KNbO_3., 21(3)1995
47. International Organization for Standardization.Terminology and test methods for lasers [S]. ISO/TC 172/Sc 9/WGI N14, No. 2, 1991
48．吴晗平．激光光束质量的评价与应用分析，光学 精密工程8(2)2000
49．刘均海，卢建仁，吕军华，邵宗书，蒋明华．半导体激光器端面抽运高功率高效Nd：YVO_4激光器．中国激光．2000，27(2)：110-112
50. K. I. Martin, W. A. Clarkson, D. C. Hanna. Hith-power single-frequeney operation, at 1064nm and 1061.4nm of a Nd: YAG ring laser end-pumped by a beam-shaped diode bar Optics Communications. 1997, 135(2): 89-92
51．崔芙云，王海波，马艳，郜江瑞．激光二极管抽运的高输出单频稳频 Nd：YVO_4激光器．光学学报．2001，21(3)：271-273
52．W．克希耐尔，固体激光工程
53. Zhang Jing, Xie Changde Peng Kuichi. Controlled dense coding for continuous variables using three-particle entanglement states. Phys. Rev. A, 2002, 66
54．王海波，马艳，翟泽辉，郜江瑞，彭堃墀，LD端面泵浦的1.5W单频稳频绿光激光器，29(2)2002