基于移动IPv6的Adhoc网络跨层切换技术研究
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摘要
节点的移动不可避免的涉及到切换技术，并且切换也是无线资源移动性管理的一个重要组成部分。移动IPv6可在网络层为节点提供可行的移动性解决方案，并且Ad hoc网络具有能够快速部署、自组织等诸多优点，因而移动IPv6和Ad hoc网络的结合成为当前的研究热点。然而Ad hoc网络严格的分层限制使得基于移动IPv6的Ad hoc网络切换会产生较大的切换时延，不利于实时通信及多媒体等业务的发展，为此，本文主要研究基于移动IPv6的Ad hoc网络跨层切换技术，并做了以下几个方面的研究：
首先，本文在对分级Ad hoc网络下移动IPv6的切换流程和时延进行详细分析的基础上，提出了引入L2-Trigger的跨层切换方案。给出了适宜的具体L2-Trigger触发器名、参数信息及其在移动IPv6中的应用。理论分析说明了利用L2-Trigger触发的跨层切换可以改善切换时延并且引入L2-Trigger后可以减少总的控制信令开销。
其次，在分析和总结现有的L2-Trigger触发切换的基础上，提出基于运动预测的L2-Trigger切换方法。通过仿真验证，结果表明该方法能够较为准确的触发L2-Trigger，从而能够较好的起到提前触发L3切换的作用。
最后，在基于移动IPv6的分级Ad hoc网络切换场景下，针对切换过程中可能存在多个切换目标，且传统切换方式未考虑QoS等情况提出了基于灰色关联分析的跨层切换算法，并对该算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明，该算法能够提高切换的成功率，可在切换的过程中提供QoS保障，避免频繁切换动作浪费资源，从而提高网络性能。
The utilization of the handover technology, which is an important component ofradio resource management, is inevitable when mobile node moves. Mobile IPv6canprovide network layer’s feasible mobility solution for nodes, and Ad hoc network hasthe advantages of quick deployment, self-organizing and many other advantages, as aresult, the research on combing the merits of Mobile IPv6(MIPv6) and Ad hoc networkbecomes a hot topic at present. However, due to the strict hierarchy limitation for Adhoc network, much handover delay will be produced in the handover process of Ad hocnetwork based on MIPv6. It is less favorable for the development of services such as thereal-time communication and multimedia.For these reasons, this paper paied greatattention to the study on cross-layer handover technology for Ad hoc network based onMobile IPv6, and mainly made the following work:
Firstly, it analyzed the handover process of Mobile IPv6as well as the handoverdelay under hierarchical Ad hoc network in detail, based on this a cross-layer handovermethod which adopted L2-Trigger to reduce the handover delay was proposed. ProperL2-Trigger names together with their parameters were given in this paper. Also, theapplication of L2-Trigger in MIPv6was introduced. Theoretical analysis showed thatthe L2-Trigger can reduce handover delay, moreover, it would save the control signalingnumber rather than bring additional burden of control signaling cost.
Secondly, the L2-Trigger handover method based on movement prediction wasproposed depending on the analysis and summary of the existing handover methodtriggered by the L2-Trigger. The simulation results illustrated that the proposed methodcan trigger the L2-Trigger in a better way with greater accuracy, which can betterimprove the handover delay due to the trigger made the Layer3handover processconducting in advance.
Finally, under the handover scenario of hierarchical Ad hoc network based onMIPv6, the cross-layer handover algorithm based on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)was proposed to act as a solution to the situation that many handover targets may existin the handover process together with the traditional handover method didn’t take theQoS into consideration. The proposed algorithm was simulated and the results showedthat this method can improve the successful handover rate and avoid frequent handover actions which will lead to unnecessary waste of network resources, so it can provideQoS in the handover process and improve the performance of the network.
首先，本文在对分级Ad hoc网络下移动IPv6的切换流程和时延进行详细分析的基础上，提出了引入L2-Trigger的跨层切换方案。给出了适宜的具体L2-Trigger触发器名、参数信息及其在移动IPv6中的应用。理论分析说明了利用L2-Trigger触发的跨层切换可以改善切换时延并且引入L2-Trigger后可以减少总的控制信令开销。
其次，在分析和总结现有的L2-Trigger触发切换的基础上，提出基于运动预测的L2-Trigger切换方法。通过仿真验证，结果表明该方法能够较为准确的触发L2-Trigger，从而能够较好的起到提前触发L3切换的作用。
最后，在基于移动IPv6的分级Ad hoc网络切换场景下，针对切换过程中可能存在多个切换目标，且传统切换方式未考虑QoS等情况提出了基于灰色关联分析的跨层切换算法，并对该算法进行了仿真验证。结果表明，该算法能够提高切换的成功率，可在切换的过程中提供QoS保障，避免频繁切换动作浪费资源，从而提高网络性能。
The utilization of the handover technology, which is an important component ofradio resource management, is inevitable when mobile node moves. Mobile IPv6canprovide network layer’s feasible mobility solution for nodes, and Ad hoc network hasthe advantages of quick deployment, self-organizing and many other advantages, as aresult, the research on combing the merits of Mobile IPv6(MIPv6) and Ad hoc networkbecomes a hot topic at present. However, due to the strict hierarchy limitation for Adhoc network, much handover delay will be produced in the handover process of Ad hocnetwork based on MIPv6. It is less favorable for the development of services such as thereal-time communication and multimedia.For these reasons, this paper paied greatattention to the study on cross-layer handover technology for Ad hoc network based onMobile IPv6, and mainly made the following work:
Firstly, it analyzed the handover process of Mobile IPv6as well as the handoverdelay under hierarchical Ad hoc network in detail, based on this a cross-layer handovermethod which adopted L2-Trigger to reduce the handover delay was proposed. ProperL2-Trigger names together with their parameters were given in this paper. Also, theapplication of L2-Trigger in MIPv6was introduced. Theoretical analysis showed thatthe L2-Trigger can reduce handover delay, moreover, it would save the control signalingnumber rather than bring additional burden of control signaling cost.
Secondly, the L2-Trigger handover method based on movement prediction wasproposed depending on the analysis and summary of the existing handover methodtriggered by the L2-Trigger. The simulation results illustrated that the proposed methodcan trigger the L2-Trigger in a better way with greater accuracy, which can betterimprove the handover delay due to the trigger made the Layer3handover processconducting in advance.
Finally, under the handover scenario of hierarchical Ad hoc network based onMIPv6, the cross-layer handover algorithm based on Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)was proposed to act as a solution to the situation that many handover targets may existin the handover process together with the traditional handover method didn’t take theQoS into consideration. The proposed algorithm was simulated and the results showedthat this method can improve the successful handover rate and avoid frequent handover actions which will lead to unnecessary waste of network resources, so it can provideQoS in the handover process and improve the performance of the network.
引文
[1]于宏毅等.无线移动自组织网络[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.
[2]郑相全等.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2004年6月.
[3] Johnson D, Perkins C, ARKKO J, Mobility support in IPv6[S], RFC3775,2004,06.
[4] R.koodli, Ed.,“Mobile IPv6Fast Handovers”[S].RFC5268,2008.06.
[5] C. Perkins, Ed.,“Mobility Support in IPv6”[S]. RFC6275,2011.07.
[6]杨娟，李颖，刘鸿飞.大规模移动自组织网络分层优化策略研究[J].计算机科学，2011，38（3）：115-119.
[7]刘峰，冯士民，杨璇.一种用于无线自组网的移动互联协议研究[J].计算机与数字工程，2011，39（9）：92-94.
[8]王晓喃，钱焕延.基于IPv6的移动自组网移动切换方案[J].计算机应用研究，2011，28（12）：4705-4707.
[9]周耀斌.一种基于MIPv6的Ad Hoc网络接入方法[C].2010年全国通信新理论与新技术学术大会，2010，P40-44.
[10] N.P.Singh， Brahmjit Singh.“Impact of L2Triggering Time on HandoverPerformance for4G Wireless Networks”[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2011, P1-20.
[11] Kyungtae Kim, Young-June Choi, Junhoon Jee,Eunah Kim.“L2-TriggeredMobility Management in Heterogeneous IP Wireless Networks”[C].3rdInternational Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN2011), June15,2011, P375-380.
[12]史登连.MANET与INTERNET互联-一种基于按需动态源（DSR）路由协议动态网关的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学，2010年1月.
[13]张海霞，袁东风，马艳波.无线通信跨层设计---从原理到应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2010年7月.
[14]卢先领.无线Ad hoc网络跨层设计研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2008年10月.
[15] S.H. Gajjar, S.N. Pradhan，K.S. Dasgupta.“Cross Layer Architectural Approachesfor Wireless Sensor Networks”[C].2011IEEE Recent Advances in IntelligentComputational Systems, RAICS2011,2011, P557-562.
[16] G. Adam, C. Bouras, A. Gkamas, V. Kapoulas, G. Kioumourtzis, N. Tavoularis.“Cross-layer mechanism for efficient video transmission over mobile ad hocnetworks”[C].20113rd International Workshop on Cross Layer Design, IWCLD2011, November30,2011.
[17]韩冰青.移动Ad hoc网络中资源分配及跨层技术研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2010年6月.
[18]任智，郭伟，刘军，蒋艳.基于跨层协同设计的Ad Hoc按需定向路由算法[J].计算机科学，2006，33（5）：39-42.
[19]朱颖锋，雷磊，许宗泽.基于综合度量的Ad Hoc网络跨层路由协议[J].2010，36（18）79-81.
[20]李晓辉，顾华玺，党岚君.移动IP技术与网络移动性[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2009年5月.
[21]陈吉，郑红霞，谢高岗. MIPv6切换性能测量和瓶颈分析[J].计算机研究与发展，2008，45（3）：443-453.
[22]李卓燃.基于移动IPv6的Ad Hoc网络移动切换研究与实现[D].成都：电子科技大学,2009.
[23]张宏科，苏伟，郜帅，秦雅娟.一种基于IPv6的移动互联网接入方法[P].中国发明专利，CN100384167C，2008年4月.
[24] Sebastian Speicher, Clemens H.Cap.“Fast Layer3Handoffs in AODV-basedIEEE802.11Wireless Mesh Networks”[C].3rd International Symposium onWireless Communication Systems, ISWCS’06,2006, P233–237.
[25]贺昕，李斌.异构无线网络切换技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2008年6月.
[26]王小军，陆建德，陈玲. IEEE802.11网络中过后注册切换机制实现用性能分析[J].计算机应用与软件.2008，25（1）：195-197.
[27]唐宏，陈前斌，吴中福，等.移动IP中L2-triger方法研究[J].重庆邮电大学学报（自然科学版），2003，15(4):88-91.
[28] Mamoun Hussein Mamoun.“A New Proactive Routing Protocol forMANET”[J].Advances on Information Sciences and Service Sciences,2011，3（2）：132-140.
[29]郑腾飞，朱琦.认知Ad Hoc网络中的跨层路由协议[J].计算机应用，2011，31（Suppl.2）：9-13.
[30]张鹏，崔勇.移动自组织网络路由选择算法研究进展[J].计算机科学.2010，37（1）：10-38.
[31] Mohamed Alnas, Irfan Awan, D.R.W Holton.“Enhanced Mobile IP Handoff usingLink Layer Information”[C]. Proceedings of iiWAS2009, The11th InternationalConference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services(iiWAS2009),2009, P344-349.
[32] Yong-Hoon Choi, Jaesung Park, Young-uk Chung, Hyukjoon Lee,“Cross-layerhandover optimization using linear regression model”[C], ICOIN2008,International Conference On Information Networking,2008(1-4).
[33]胡曦，李喆，刘军.移动Ad hoc网络中基于链路稳定性预测的按需路由协议[J].电子信息学报，2010，32（2）：284-289.
[34] Gao XM, Zhang XM, Shi D, Zhou FF,“Fuzzy logic mobility prediction routingalgorithm for mobile ad hoc networks”[J], Journal of Software,2009,20(12):3205-3212.
[35] Saleem. Sheik Aalam.“Node Prediction–Routing in Mobile Ad HocNetworks”[J]. European Journal of Scientific Reasearch,2011,65(2):260-267.
[36]章坚武，邹婧媛，赵琪.基于路径维持概率的Ad Hoc跨层路由方案[J].计算机工程与科学.2010，32(1)：8-17.
[37] Plamen I, BRATANOV.“User Mobility Modeling in Cellular CommunicationsNetworks”[D].Austria: Institute of Communications and Radio-FrequencyEngineering: Vienna University of Technology, February1999.
[38] Kui Wu, Janelle Harms,“Performance Study of Proactive Flow Handoff forMobile Ad Hoc Networks”[J]. ACM Wireless Networks (WINET) Journal,2006,12(1):119-135.
[39] S. Ding.“Mobile IP handoffs among multiple internet gateways in mobile ad hocnetworks”[J]. IET Communication,2009,3（5）：752-763.
[40]周秀文.灰色关联度的研究与应用[D].辽宁：吉林大学，2007年4月.
[41]张凯捷，向勇，史美林.基于路径质量各网关负载的无线自组网域内网关切换方案[J].通信学报，2008，29（3）：29-33.
[42] Zeinalipour-Yazti Demetrios,“A glance at Quality of Service in Mobile Ad hocNetworks”[EB/OL]. http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~csyiazti/cs260.html.
[43]吴智.基于IPv6的Ad hoc网络接入技术研究[D].江苏：江南大学，2009年3月.
[2]郑相全等.无线自组网技术实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2004年6月.
[3] Johnson D, Perkins C, ARKKO J, Mobility support in IPv6[S], RFC3775,2004,06.
[4] R.koodli, Ed.,“Mobile IPv6Fast Handovers”[S].RFC5268,2008.06.
[5] C. Perkins, Ed.,“Mobility Support in IPv6”[S]. RFC6275,2011.07.
[6]杨娟，李颖，刘鸿飞.大规模移动自组织网络分层优化策略研究[J].计算机科学，2011，38（3）：115-119.
[7]刘峰，冯士民，杨璇.一种用于无线自组网的移动互联协议研究[J].计算机与数字工程，2011，39（9）：92-94.
[8]王晓喃，钱焕延.基于IPv6的移动自组网移动切换方案[J].计算机应用研究，2011，28（12）：4705-4707.
[9]周耀斌.一种基于MIPv6的Ad Hoc网络接入方法[C].2010年全国通信新理论与新技术学术大会，2010，P40-44.
[10] N.P.Singh， Brahmjit Singh.“Impact of L2Triggering Time on HandoverPerformance for4G Wireless Networks”[J]. Wireless Personal Communications,2011, P1-20.
[11] Kyungtae Kim, Young-June Choi, Junhoon Jee,Eunah Kim.“L2-TriggeredMobility Management in Heterogeneous IP Wireless Networks”[C].3rdInternational Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN2011), June15,2011, P375-380.
[12]史登连.MANET与INTERNET互联-一种基于按需动态源（DSR）路由协议动态网关的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学，2010年1月.
[13]张海霞，袁东风，马艳波.无线通信跨层设计---从原理到应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2010年7月.
[14]卢先领.无线Ad hoc网络跨层设计研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2008年10月.
[15] S.H. Gajjar, S.N. Pradhan，K.S. Dasgupta.“Cross Layer Architectural Approachesfor Wireless Sensor Networks”[C].2011IEEE Recent Advances in IntelligentComputational Systems, RAICS2011,2011, P557-562.
[16] G. Adam, C. Bouras, A. Gkamas, V. Kapoulas, G. Kioumourtzis, N. Tavoularis.“Cross-layer mechanism for efficient video transmission over mobile ad hocnetworks”[C].20113rd International Workshop on Cross Layer Design, IWCLD2011, November30,2011.
[17]韩冰青.移动Ad hoc网络中资源分配及跨层技术研究[D].南京：南京理工大学,2010年6月.
[18]任智，郭伟，刘军，蒋艳.基于跨层协同设计的Ad Hoc按需定向路由算法[J].计算机科学，2006，33（5）：39-42.
[19]朱颖锋，雷磊，许宗泽.基于综合度量的Ad Hoc网络跨层路由协议[J].2010，36（18）79-81.
[20]李晓辉，顾华玺，党岚君.移动IP技术与网络移动性[M].北京：国防工业出版社，2009年5月.
[21]陈吉，郑红霞，谢高岗. MIPv6切换性能测量和瓶颈分析[J].计算机研究与发展，2008，45（3）：443-453.
[22]李卓燃.基于移动IPv6的Ad Hoc网络移动切换研究与实现[D].成都：电子科技大学,2009.
[23]张宏科，苏伟，郜帅，秦雅娟.一种基于IPv6的移动互联网接入方法[P].中国发明专利，CN100384167C，2008年4月.
[24] Sebastian Speicher, Clemens H.Cap.“Fast Layer3Handoffs in AODV-basedIEEE802.11Wireless Mesh Networks”[C].3rd International Symposium onWireless Communication Systems, ISWCS’06,2006, P233–237.
[25]贺昕，李斌.异构无线网络切换技术[M].北京：北京邮电大学出版社.2008年6月.
[26]王小军，陆建德，陈玲. IEEE802.11网络中过后注册切换机制实现用性能分析[J].计算机应用与软件.2008，25（1）：195-197.
[27]唐宏，陈前斌，吴中福，等.移动IP中L2-triger方法研究[J].重庆邮电大学学报（自然科学版），2003，15(4):88-91.
[28] Mamoun Hussein Mamoun.“A New Proactive Routing Protocol forMANET”[J].Advances on Information Sciences and Service Sciences,2011，3（2）：132-140.
[29]郑腾飞，朱琦.认知Ad Hoc网络中的跨层路由协议[J].计算机应用，2011，31（Suppl.2）：9-13.
[30]张鹏，崔勇.移动自组织网络路由选择算法研究进展[J].计算机科学.2010，37（1）：10-38.
[31] Mohamed Alnas, Irfan Awan, D.R.W Holton.“Enhanced Mobile IP Handoff usingLink Layer Information”[C]. Proceedings of iiWAS2009, The11th InternationalConference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications and Services(iiWAS2009),2009, P344-349.
[32] Yong-Hoon Choi, Jaesung Park, Young-uk Chung, Hyukjoon Lee,“Cross-layerhandover optimization using linear regression model”[C], ICOIN2008,International Conference On Information Networking,2008(1-4).
[33]胡曦，李喆，刘军.移动Ad hoc网络中基于链路稳定性预测的按需路由协议[J].电子信息学报，2010，32（2）：284-289.
[34] Gao XM, Zhang XM, Shi D, Zhou FF,“Fuzzy logic mobility prediction routingalgorithm for mobile ad hoc networks”[J], Journal of Software,2009,20(12):3205-3212.
[35] Saleem. Sheik Aalam.“Node Prediction–Routing in Mobile Ad HocNetworks”[J]. European Journal of Scientific Reasearch,2011,65(2):260-267.
[36]章坚武，邹婧媛，赵琪.基于路径维持概率的Ad Hoc跨层路由方案[J].计算机工程与科学.2010，32(1)：8-17.
[37] Plamen I, BRATANOV.“User Mobility Modeling in Cellular CommunicationsNetworks”[D].Austria: Institute of Communications and Radio-FrequencyEngineering: Vienna University of Technology, February1999.
[38] Kui Wu, Janelle Harms,“Performance Study of Proactive Flow Handoff forMobile Ad Hoc Networks”[J]. ACM Wireless Networks (WINET) Journal,2006,12(1):119-135.
[39] S. Ding.“Mobile IP handoffs among multiple internet gateways in mobile ad hocnetworks”[J]. IET Communication,2009,3（5）：752-763.
[40]周秀文.灰色关联度的研究与应用[D].辽宁：吉林大学，2007年4月.
[41]张凯捷，向勇，史美林.基于路径质量各网关负载的无线自组网域内网关切换方案[J].通信学报，2008，29（3）：29-33.
[42] Zeinalipour-Yazti Demetrios,“A glance at Quality of Service in Mobile Ad hocNetworks”[EB/OL]. http://alumni.cs.ucr.edu/~csyiazti/cs260.html.
[43]吴智.基于IPv6的Ad hoc网络接入技术研究[D].江苏：江南大学，2009年3月.