深水重力式网箱水动力学特性研究
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摘要
由于过度的海洋捕捞和近海海洋环境的破坏,野生海产品产量逐年萎缩。为满足人们对高质量海产品日益增长的需求,海洋牧场一直扮演着重要的角色。今年来,深水网箱养殖产业在国内发展迅速,但基础理论研究相对落后,深水网箱在近海风浪条件下的安全可靠性缺乏理论依据。为此,国家863计划和自然科学基金分别设立了研究项目,对深水网箱展开系统的研究并实现深水网箱养殖的产业化。本文研究工作依托于导师的国家自然科学基金项目和863计划合作项目。
研究论文共包含五大部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍深水网箱养殖产业及相关学科研究的现状和进展。第二部分为基础性研究工作,包括网衣的模型相似准则以及试验技术等研究内容。研究工作在网衣的模型相似率和CCD动态图像处理技术方面取得了较好成果。第三部分为重力式网箱试验研究的主体工作,包括网箱网衣系统和浮架系统的水动力特性研究以及配重系统对网箱水动力特性的影响、单体重力式网箱的水动力特性研究等内容。其中单纯浮架结构开展了数值模拟研究,对这类小尺度漂浮结构物的波浪力系数进行了探讨,获得了阻力系数的取值范围,为网箱等飘浮性结构物的水动力计算提供了依据,相关研究工作具有创新性。网箱配重系统的研究为重力式网箱的配重型式和配重大小的设计提供了依据。第四部分为网箱选型比较,对国内外常用的重力式、碟形及拟碟形网箱的受力及运动特性进行了试验研究。基于网箱的水动力特性、网箱成本、运营管理的便利性、沿海海况条件以及我国国情的考虑,建议目前国内深水养殖网箱在一段时期内仍应以重力式网箱为主要型式。第五部分为研究工作总结,介绍本文取得的主要成果和存在的不足,同时对未来我国网箱产业和学科发展进行了讨论。
To satisfy the global need for seafood, marine aquaculture is expected to play an increasing role as wild fish stocks decline due to environmental degradation and over-fishing. The deep-water sea cage industry developed fast in domestic. However, theoretical researches on the hydrodynamic behaviors of sea cages leg behind the applications. Safety and security of sea cages deployed in open ocean are lack of assurance. As a result, a national 863 high technology project has been initiated to develop basic researches on the hydrodynamic behaviors of open ocean sea cages and to establish an open ocean aquaculture industry. This dissertation is based on the National Natural Science Fund Project and the National 863 High Technology Development Plan Project of author's supervisor.The contents are mainly composed of five parts. In the first part, the author gives a general description on the development and prospects of open ocean aquaculture industry and relative researches. The second part is about basic researches including the similarity criterion of fishing net models and experimental technologies. Innovation achievements are obtained including the similarity criterion for fishing net and the CCD dynamic image technique. The third part is the main work about experimental researches on a gravity sea cage, in which the hydrodynamic behaviors of the plane fishing net and the floating system are discussed. Also, the influence of weight systems on the hydrodynamic behaviors of gravity cage are presented. Numerical researches are also developed to simulate the responses of the floating system under pure wave conditions. Values of drag coefficients are obtained, which will be useful to calculate the wave forces on small-sized floating structures, such as sea cages and floating oil pipes. This work is innovative in this field. In addition, the researches on weight system will give guidance to the design of weight style and weight size of gravity cage. In the following part, the author gives a comprehensive comparison on the hydrodynamic behaviors of three different styles of cages: gravity cage, Sea-station cage and Quasi-sea-station cage. Gravity cage is recommended in domestic based on the comparisons of hydrodynamic behaviors, prices, convenience of management, environment loads and our country's realities. In the last part, the author summarized the achievements and the limitations. Prospects of open ocean aquaculture are discussed at the end of the dissertation.
研究论文共包含五大部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍深水网箱养殖产业及相关学科研究的现状和进展。第二部分为基础性研究工作,包括网衣的模型相似准则以及试验技术等研究内容。研究工作在网衣的模型相似率和CCD动态图像处理技术方面取得了较好成果。第三部分为重力式网箱试验研究的主体工作,包括网箱网衣系统和浮架系统的水动力特性研究以及配重系统对网箱水动力特性的影响、单体重力式网箱的水动力特性研究等内容。其中单纯浮架结构开展了数值模拟研究,对这类小尺度漂浮结构物的波浪力系数进行了探讨,获得了阻力系数的取值范围,为网箱等飘浮性结构物的水动力计算提供了依据,相关研究工作具有创新性。网箱配重系统的研究为重力式网箱的配重型式和配重大小的设计提供了依据。第四部分为网箱选型比较,对国内外常用的重力式、碟形及拟碟形网箱的受力及运动特性进行了试验研究。基于网箱的水动力特性、网箱成本、运营管理的便利性、沿海海况条件以及我国国情的考虑,建议目前国内深水养殖网箱在一段时期内仍应以重力式网箱为主要型式。第五部分为研究工作总结,介绍本文取得的主要成果和存在的不足,同时对未来我国网箱产业和学科发展进行了讨论。
To satisfy the global need for seafood, marine aquaculture is expected to play an increasing role as wild fish stocks decline due to environmental degradation and over-fishing. The deep-water sea cage industry developed fast in domestic. However, theoretical researches on the hydrodynamic behaviors of sea cages leg behind the applications. Safety and security of sea cages deployed in open ocean are lack of assurance. As a result, a national 863 high technology project has been initiated to develop basic researches on the hydrodynamic behaviors of open ocean sea cages and to establish an open ocean aquaculture industry. This dissertation is based on the National Natural Science Fund Project and the National 863 High Technology Development Plan Project of author's supervisor.The contents are mainly composed of five parts. In the first part, the author gives a general description on the development and prospects of open ocean aquaculture industry and relative researches. The second part is about basic researches including the similarity criterion of fishing net models and experimental technologies. Innovation achievements are obtained including the similarity criterion for fishing net and the CCD dynamic image technique. The third part is the main work about experimental researches on a gravity sea cage, in which the hydrodynamic behaviors of the plane fishing net and the floating system are discussed. Also, the influence of weight systems on the hydrodynamic behaviors of gravity cage are presented. Numerical researches are also developed to simulate the responses of the floating system under pure wave conditions. Values of drag coefficients are obtained, which will be useful to calculate the wave forces on small-sized floating structures, such as sea cages and floating oil pipes. This work is innovative in this field. In addition, the researches on weight system will give guidance to the design of weight style and weight size of gravity cage. In the following part, the author gives a comprehensive comparison on the hydrodynamic behaviors of three different styles of cages: gravity cage, Sea-station cage and Quasi-sea-station cage. Gravity cage is recommended in domestic based on the comparisons of hydrodynamic behaviors, prices, convenience of management, environment loads and our country's realities. In the last part, the author summarized the achievements and the limitations. Prospects of open ocean aquaculture are discussed at the end of the dissertation.
引文
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