高住低训对少年女子低血色素运动员红细胞膜流动性和有氧能力的影响
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摘要
高住低训是近年来被提出的一种有效的训练方法,指的是运动员居住在高原上(2500m左右)或低氧舱内,而在常氧处(300m以下)训练。为了探讨高住低训方法对运动性低血色素运动员的影响,本文试图从有氧能力和红细胞膜流动性等方面进行实验研究。
本研究选取14名运动性低血色素运动员,均为女性,随机分成两组,低氧组6名,对照组8名,低氧组每天晚上20:00——第二天早上7:00居住在模拟2500m高度的低氧房,白天在常氧下训练;对照组晚上住在常氧房间,白天在常氧下训练。要求低氧组和对照组白天训练、饮食一致。另外低氧组每周进行三次为时25分钟的低氧下功率车训练(70%VO2max);对照组每周进行三次为时25分钟的常氧下功率车训练(80%VO2max),在进行功率车训练的当天不训练。训练和低氧训练持续时间为25天。
实验前后测量受试者的最大摄氧量和乳酸无氧阈。分别在实验前、急性低氧暴露后(11个小时后)、一周后、两周后和三周半(第25天)取受试者的晨血,测量红细胞膜的流动性。研究发现:
(1)模拟25天海拔2500m高住低训后,低氧组运动员的红细胞膜流动性在前15天出现上升趋势,并且在第22天,红细胞膜流动性显著高于实验前(P<0.05);对照组的红细胞膜流动性变化不明显。
(2)在模拟海拔2500m高住低训过程中,低氧组运动员在低氧环境中运动的SpO2显著升高(P<0.05),并且SpO2恢复到安静时的速度显著加快(P<0.05)。
(3) 25天模拟海拔2500m高住低训后,所有受试者的最大摄氧量均没有发生显著性变化(P>0.05);低氧组运动员的乳酸无氧阈没有发生显著性变化(P>0.05),而对照组的乳酸无氧阈显著下降(P<0.05)。
本研究结果提示,高住低训能够提高低血色素运动员的红细胞膜流动性,并且能够提高运动员在低氧环境下运动时的SpO2以及SpO2的恢复速度。
HiLo is a new and effective endurance training method these days. It refers to living in altitude (about 2500m) and training in normoxia. Many reports suggested that HiLo can improve the adaption of the body to hypoxia by meanings of respiration, cardiovascular, blood and skeletal muscles, and can improve oxygen transportation in amount and rate, thereby improve somatic function and performance. But subjects of those studies were athletes. No body once kept anemic athletes as subjects. The trait of the anemic athletes is poor hemoglobin level, and somatic function and performance are affected by it. In order to discuss the effect of HiLo to anemic athletes, the study try to carry through aerobic performance and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fluidity.
The subjects of the study are 14 sports anemic athletes, they are all female and randomly divided into 2 groups: living high-training low group (6) and control group (8). During the 25 days experimental period, test group slept in the hypoxic chamber (equivalent to 2500m altitude) from 8p.m. to 7a.m. the next day and trained in normoxia in days. Another group slept and trained in normoxia all of the time. The training and eating of both groups must be the same. In addition, there are 3 ergometer exercises (70%VO2max) in hypoxia once a week for test group, and each lasts 25min. The same to control group except for oxygen environment. They trained in normoxia. Meanwhile the normal training of these days was canceled.
VO2max and blood lactate threshold were obtained before and after the experiment. Blood samples were obtained before, during and after the hypoxic exposure, measuring red cell membrane fluidity. Through the above research, logical induction led to the following:
(1) After 25-day HiLo, the RBC membrane fluidity of control group changed abnormally, but the RBC membrane fluidity of test group was raised 3 weeks after the experiment。
(2) After 25-day HiLo, the exercising SpO2 and the recovering speed of the text group were raised(P<0.05)
(3) After 25-day HiLo, the VO2max of control and test group were not changed; the lactate threshold of test group was not changed, but the lactate threshold of control group declined.
The results suggested that HiLo could improve the RBC membrane fluidity of sports anemic athletes and improve the exercising SpO2 and recovering time in hypoxia. Because the training program has been changed, so the maximum oxygen uptake and lactate threshold have not been improved.
本研究选取14名运动性低血色素运动员,均为女性,随机分成两组,低氧组6名,对照组8名,低氧组每天晚上20:00——第二天早上7:00居住在模拟2500m高度的低氧房,白天在常氧下训练;对照组晚上住在常氧房间,白天在常氧下训练。要求低氧组和对照组白天训练、饮食一致。另外低氧组每周进行三次为时25分钟的低氧下功率车训练(70%VO2max);对照组每周进行三次为时25分钟的常氧下功率车训练(80%VO2max),在进行功率车训练的当天不训练。训练和低氧训练持续时间为25天。
实验前后测量受试者的最大摄氧量和乳酸无氧阈。分别在实验前、急性低氧暴露后(11个小时后)、一周后、两周后和三周半(第25天)取受试者的晨血,测量红细胞膜的流动性。研究发现:
(1)模拟25天海拔2500m高住低训后,低氧组运动员的红细胞膜流动性在前15天出现上升趋势,并且在第22天,红细胞膜流动性显著高于实验前(P<0.05);对照组的红细胞膜流动性变化不明显。
(2)在模拟海拔2500m高住低训过程中,低氧组运动员在低氧环境中运动的SpO2显著升高(P<0.05),并且SpO2恢复到安静时的速度显著加快(P<0.05)。
(3) 25天模拟海拔2500m高住低训后,所有受试者的最大摄氧量均没有发生显著性变化(P>0.05);低氧组运动员的乳酸无氧阈没有发生显著性变化(P>0.05),而对照组的乳酸无氧阈显著下降(P<0.05)。
本研究结果提示,高住低训能够提高低血色素运动员的红细胞膜流动性,并且能够提高运动员在低氧环境下运动时的SpO2以及SpO2的恢复速度。
HiLo is a new and effective endurance training method these days. It refers to living in altitude (about 2500m) and training in normoxia. Many reports suggested that HiLo can improve the adaption of the body to hypoxia by meanings of respiration, cardiovascular, blood and skeletal muscles, and can improve oxygen transportation in amount and rate, thereby improve somatic function and performance. But subjects of those studies were athletes. No body once kept anemic athletes as subjects. The trait of the anemic athletes is poor hemoglobin level, and somatic function and performance are affected by it. In order to discuss the effect of HiLo to anemic athletes, the study try to carry through aerobic performance and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fluidity.
The subjects of the study are 14 sports anemic athletes, they are all female and randomly divided into 2 groups: living high-training low group (6) and control group (8). During the 25 days experimental period, test group slept in the hypoxic chamber (equivalent to 2500m altitude) from 8p.m. to 7a.m. the next day and trained in normoxia in days. Another group slept and trained in normoxia all of the time. The training and eating of both groups must be the same. In addition, there are 3 ergometer exercises (70%VO2max) in hypoxia once a week for test group, and each lasts 25min. The same to control group except for oxygen environment. They trained in normoxia. Meanwhile the normal training of these days was canceled.
VO2max and blood lactate threshold were obtained before and after the experiment. Blood samples were obtained before, during and after the hypoxic exposure, measuring red cell membrane fluidity. Through the above research, logical induction led to the following:
(1) After 25-day HiLo, the RBC membrane fluidity of control group changed abnormally, but the RBC membrane fluidity of test group was raised 3 weeks after the experiment。
(2) After 25-day HiLo, the exercising SpO2 and the recovering speed of the text group were raised(P<0.05)
(3) After 25-day HiLo, the VO2max of control and test group were not changed; the lactate threshold of test group was not changed, but the lactate threshold of control group declined.
The results suggested that HiLo could improve the RBC membrane fluidity of sports anemic athletes and improve the exercising SpO2 and recovering time in hypoxia. Because the training program has been changed, so the maximum oxygen uptake and lactate threshold have not been improved.
引文
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2 张春林.中药营养合剂治疗运动性贫血的效果观察.中国体育科技.1999,35(8):19-21;
3 付蓉.贫血的分类与诊断.中华血液学杂志.2002,23(7):388-389;
4 张忠房.贫血的正确分类和诊断.齐鲁医学检验.2004,15(4):69-70;
5 肇庆市.谈贫血的国际疾病分类.中国病案.2005,6(6):32-33;
6 任金枝,姜彦更.运动性贫血.锦州医学院学报.1994,15(2):29-30;
7 胡有志.运动性贫血.医生的话.2000,11:40;
8 张缨,文茹.运动性贫血的发生机制与检测.北京体育大学学报.2001,24(3):331-334;
9 龙碧波.运动性贫血的发生机理.海南大学学报自然科学版.2000,18(1):89-91;
10 赵杰修,田野,曹建民,金丽,谢敏豪,满君.运动性贫血机理和防治的研究及探讨.中国运动医学杂志.2004,23(2):208-211;
11 崔玉萍.运动性贫血的机理.山东体育学院学报.1994,10(24):35-37;
12 于基国.运动性贫血机理探讨.山东体育科技.1996,18(3):45-47;
13 孙艳芝,李亚英.运动性贫血的预防和治疗.现代中西医结合杂志.2001,10(19):1882;
14 俞洁,郭海英,李越.运动性贫血的治疗.浙江体育科学.1995,17(2):41-43;
15 刘霞,杨春荣,闫红光,李岷.少儿运动员运动性贫血治疗方法比较.沈阳体育学院学报.2003,2:43-44;
16 魏高峡,徐刚.传统高原训练、HiLo 训练及间歇性低氧训练之理论比较刍议.沈阳体育学院学报.2004,23(4):469-470;
17 苏志雄,郝选明.高原训练、高住低练与人工低氧环境训练.中国体育教练员.2002,2:7;
18 胡扬,黄亚茹.耐力训练的新方法—(HiLo)高住低训法.体育科学.2001,21(2):66-70;
19 宋淑华,高春刚,曹建民.高住低训(HiLo)研究进展(综述).北京体育大学学报.2004,27(5):646-649;
20 Satoru Miyaziki Akio Sakai.The effect of “living high-training low” on physical performance in rats.Int J Biometeorol, 2000, 44:24-30;
21 James Stray-Gundersen ,Chapman RF,Levine BD.“Living high-training low” altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners.J Appl Physiol, 2001, 91:1113-1120;
22 Tian Z., Li W.-P.Effect of simulated living high-training low training on improvement of aerobic performance.Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2004, 8(12): 2333-2335;
23 Dehnert C, Hutler M, Liu Y, Menold E, Netzer C, Schick R, Kubanek B, Lehmann M, Boning D, Steinacker JM. Erythropoiesis and performance after two weeks of living high and training low in well trained triathletes. Int J Sports Med, 2002, 23(8):561-6;
24 Hahn AG, Gore CJ, Martin DT, Ashenden MJ, Roberts AD, Logan PA.An evaluation of the concept of living at moderate altitude and training at sea level.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol,2001, 128(4):777-89;
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