五禽戏对女性膝骨关节炎患者本体感觉及平衡功能影响的研究
|
摘要
目的：本研究以中老年女性膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者为研究对象,测定研究对象在6个月习练健身气功五禽戏后平衡能力、本体感觉等指标的变化,探讨健身气功五禽戏对于中老年女性KOA患者平衡能力、本体感觉、临床症状等方面的影响,为膝关节骨关节炎的功能康复提供新的方法和理论支持,为健身气功五禽戏的养生健体作用提供新的思维途径。
方法：将40名接受了相同临床治疗的60-70岁的女性KOA患者随机分为实验组(n=20)和对照组(n=20),另随机选择20名同年龄阶段的健康女性作为健康组；实验组进行为期6个月的五禽戏练习,对照组和健康组不进行任何形式的规律体育活动。在实验的实验前BMI、体脂百分比、下肢反应时、纵跳高度、患肢无痛关节活动度、患肢本体感觉、平衡能力、WOMAC量表等项目。
结果：6个月的五禽戏练习能够降低KOA患者的体重和BMI,有效降低体脂百分比；提高KOA患者下肢反应时、纵跳高度、和患膝关节无痛关节活动度；有效减少KOA患者在主动和被动情况下在30。和60°的关节角度重置误差；有效增加KOA患者前后向和侧向的姿态稳定度,提高其稳定极限,降低其跌倒风险；临床医学治疗能够有效缓解KOA患者的疼痛、僵直和行为受限等症状并提高其功能,但上述效果并不能长期维持,但临床医学治疗并配合长期的五禽戏练习能够使上述效果长期维持。
结论：6个月的五禽戏练习能够有效提高中老年女性KOA患者膝关节的本体感觉,提升动、静态平衡能力,降低其跌倒风险。上述效果可能和6个月练习五禽戏所导致的体重和体脂百分比的降低,下肢的力量和反应速度的增加,患膝无痛关节活动度的提高有关；临床治疗可以有效缓解KOA患者的疼痛、僵直和行为受限等症状,但临床治疗配合五禽戏练习似乎能够使上述效果变得更加明显和持久。
Purpose:In this study, elderly female patients with KOA were objects. their balance, proprioception function and other indicators were determined and recorded after a long-term practise of Wuqinxi, on the basic of which we would explore the effect of Wuqinxi on the balance, proprioception and clinical symptoms of the objects. We also would explore its mechanism, in order to provide new methods and theoretical support for patients of KOA and new ways of thinking for health fitness effects of Wuqinxi.
Methods:4060-70year-old female KOA patients who had received the same clinical treatment were randomly divided into experimental team(n=20) and control group (n=20) and another20healthy women at the same age were also randomly selected as healthy group. Experimental group did a six-month practice of Wuqinxi, while control and healthy group could not do any form of regular sports activities. At the third and sixth month after the experiment, body weight, BMI, percentage of body fat, lower extremity response latencies, jump height and no pain ROM, proprioception and balance function of the affected limb, the WOMAC scale were detected.
Result:The body weight, BMI and the percentage of body fat of KOA patients can be reduced by long-term wuqingxi exercise,which could also effectively improve, the reaction time of lower limbs, the vertical jump height and the painless ROM of knee-joint without pain can be effectively reduce the active and passive30°and60°angle reconstruction error of KOA patients;Availably improve the sagittal and lateral stable ability, enhance their stable limit, and decrease the fall risk; Clinical medical treatment should effectively relieve pain, spasticity, action limited and improve their body function, but the effective can not lasting for a long time. However, combine clinical medical treatment with Wuqinxi can make a long-term effect.
Conclusion:It is good for middle-aged and elderly patients with KOA to practise Wuqinxi in a long term, which can effectively improve the proprioceptive function, dynamic and static balance of Knee and reduce their risk of falls. The effect may be related to the decrease of body weight and percentage of body fat and the increase of strength, reactive speed and ROM of the affective knee. Clinical treatment can effectively alleviate the KOA patients with symptoms such as pain, stiffness and behavior limited, but the clinical treatment with Wuqinxi practice seems to be able to make the effect more pronounced and lasting.
方法：将40名接受了相同临床治疗的60-70岁的女性KOA患者随机分为实验组(n=20)和对照组(n=20),另随机选择20名同年龄阶段的健康女性作为健康组；实验组进行为期6个月的五禽戏练习,对照组和健康组不进行任何形式的规律体育活动。在实验的实验前BMI、体脂百分比、下肢反应时、纵跳高度、患肢无痛关节活动度、患肢本体感觉、平衡能力、WOMAC量表等项目。
结果：6个月的五禽戏练习能够降低KOA患者的体重和BMI,有效降低体脂百分比；提高KOA患者下肢反应时、纵跳高度、和患膝关节无痛关节活动度；有效减少KOA患者在主动和被动情况下在30。和60°的关节角度重置误差；有效增加KOA患者前后向和侧向的姿态稳定度,提高其稳定极限,降低其跌倒风险；临床医学治疗能够有效缓解KOA患者的疼痛、僵直和行为受限等症状并提高其功能,但上述效果并不能长期维持,但临床医学治疗并配合长期的五禽戏练习能够使上述效果长期维持。
结论：6个月的五禽戏练习能够有效提高中老年女性KOA患者膝关节的本体感觉,提升动、静态平衡能力,降低其跌倒风险。上述效果可能和6个月练习五禽戏所导致的体重和体脂百分比的降低,下肢的力量和反应速度的增加,患膝无痛关节活动度的提高有关；临床治疗可以有效缓解KOA患者的疼痛、僵直和行为受限等症状,但临床治疗配合五禽戏练习似乎能够使上述效果变得更加明显和持久。
Purpose:In this study, elderly female patients with KOA were objects. their balance, proprioception function and other indicators were determined and recorded after a long-term practise of Wuqinxi, on the basic of which we would explore the effect of Wuqinxi on the balance, proprioception and clinical symptoms of the objects. We also would explore its mechanism, in order to provide new methods and theoretical support for patients of KOA and new ways of thinking for health fitness effects of Wuqinxi.
Methods:4060-70year-old female KOA patients who had received the same clinical treatment were randomly divided into experimental team(n=20) and control group (n=20) and another20healthy women at the same age were also randomly selected as healthy group. Experimental group did a six-month practice of Wuqinxi, while control and healthy group could not do any form of regular sports activities. At the third and sixth month after the experiment, body weight, BMI, percentage of body fat, lower extremity response latencies, jump height and no pain ROM, proprioception and balance function of the affected limb, the WOMAC scale were detected.
Result:The body weight, BMI and the percentage of body fat of KOA patients can be reduced by long-term wuqingxi exercise,which could also effectively improve, the reaction time of lower limbs, the vertical jump height and the painless ROM of knee-joint without pain can be effectively reduce the active and passive30°and60°angle reconstruction error of KOA patients;Availably improve the sagittal and lateral stable ability, enhance their stable limit, and decrease the fall risk; Clinical medical treatment should effectively relieve pain, spasticity, action limited and improve their body function, but the effective can not lasting for a long time. However, combine clinical medical treatment with Wuqinxi can make a long-term effect.
Conclusion:It is good for middle-aged and elderly patients with KOA to practise Wuqinxi in a long term, which can effectively improve the proprioceptive function, dynamic and static balance of Knee and reduce their risk of falls. The effect may be related to the decrease of body weight and percentage of body fat and the increase of strength, reactive speed and ROM of the affective knee. Clinical treatment can effectively alleviate the KOA patients with symptoms such as pain, stiffness and behavior limited, but the clinical treatment with Wuqinxi practice seems to be able to make the effect more pronounced and lasting.
引文
[1]Fiske DN, Edw ards NL. Clinical pathogenesis and diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Contemp Intern Med,1995 Jun,7(6):13-16,21-25,30-31.
[2]栗占国.骨关节炎诊治指南(草案).中华风湿病学杂志,2003,7(11)：702-704.
[3]李宁华.中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征,中国临床康复,2005,9(38)：133-135.
[4]Felson DT, Naim ark A, Anderson J. et al. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly. The Fram ingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum,1987,30(8):914-918.
[5]Zhang Y, Xu L, Nev ittMC, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis between the elderly Chinese population in Beijing and whites in the United States:the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum,2001,44(9):2065-2071.
[6]Sudo A, M iyamoto N, H orikaw a K, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in elderly Japanese men and women. J O rthop Sci,2008,13(5):413-418.
[7]Kang X, Fransen M, Zhang Y, et al. The high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in a rural Chinese population:the Wuchuan osteoarthritis study. Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(5):641-647.
[8]Gokhale JA, Frenkel SR, Dices are PE. Estrogen and osteoarthritis. Am J Orthop,2004, 33(2):71-80.
[9]Vianda SS, JanHS, SaskiaMF, et al. Balance and mobility performance as treatable risk factors for recurrent falling in older persons[J] Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2003,56:659-668
[10]Ummuhan BA Ugur Cavlak, NesrinYagei, et al.Balance Performance, aging and falling: A comparative study based on a Turkish sample[J].Achives of Gerontology and Geriatries.2008,46:283-292
[11]陈君,石凤英,李译萍,等.预测老年人跌倒危险的平衡和步态功能性评定研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志.2004,19：713-715.
[12]肖春梅,周巨林,李阳,等.老年人跌倒相关因素的国外研究进展[J].中国临床康复.2002,6：1014-1015.
[13]Vick scot,Kristine votova,Andria scanlan, et al. Multifactorial and functional mobility assessment tools for fall risk among older adults in community, home-support, long-term and acute care settings[J].Ageand Ageing.2007,36:130-139.
[14]王敏,江勇.浅谈五禽戏在康复临床中的应用[J].按摩与导引,2008,28(2)：42-43.
[15]工培明.膝宁方治疗膝关节骨关节炎肝肾亏虚证的临床研究.南京中医药大学2002级博士研究生学位论文.
[16]苏阳,朱志刚,等.广州地区中老年人症状性膝关节骨关节炎流行病学的调查研究.中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2010,4(4)：438-444.
[17]李宁华,中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征.中国临床康复,2005,9(38)：133-135
[18]王宇强,王小华,等.西安、天津、广州3城市膝骨性关节炎患者、门诊就治者及社区人员膝骨关节炎主要致病因素：多中心整群抽样分层调查.中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009,13(41)：8155-8159.
[19]王蕾.天津市城区40岁以上职工膝骨关节炎流行病学调查.天津医科大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[20]Tzu-TingHuang, Woan-Shyyuan Wang. Comparison of three established measures of fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults:Psychometric testing[J]. J.Nurs.stud. 2009:1-7.
[21]JH Kellgren and JS Lawrenee.Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis,Dec 1957; 16(4):494-502.
[22]徐虎,张春礼,等.关节镜下膝关节骨关节炎关节清理术的疗效分析.中国康复,2002,22(1)：16-17.
[23]白雪,王志强,等.关节镜下关节清理扩创微骨折术后配合运动疗法治疗中老年膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察.中国矫形外科杂志,2011,19(5)：35-438.
[24]夏铃,王欢,等.膝骨性关节炎的非手术治疗现状.中国老年学杂志,2011,31(8)：1491-1494.
[25]俞晓杰,吴毅.运动疗法在膝关节骨关节炎中的应用.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005,7(9)：559-561.
[26]邓军民.老年人静态平衡能力的分析及其评价系统的初步建立.北京体育大学硕士学位毕业论文,2002.
[27]徐国会,郑洁皎,等.老年双膝骨性关节炎患者膝关节屈伸肌力与静态平衡的变化特征,2009,15(12)：1153-1155.
[28]周斌.运动疗法在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的应用.中国中医骨伤科杂志,2009,17(4)：36-38.
[29]陈裔英,沈红星,付本升.膝关节骨性关节炎患者接受针刀治疗后不同阶段的运动处方.中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,12(24)：4773-4776.
[30]Johanson H,Sjolander P,Sojka P.A sensory role for the cruciate ligmens[J].Clin Orthop,1991,268:161.
[31]王萍.膝关节骨性关节炎的康复治疗.中国康复医学杂志,2005,20(7)：558—560.
[32]孙启良,谢欲晓,李汇川,等.股四头肌等长训练治疗膝关节骨性关节病.中国康复医学杂志,1989,4(2)：22.
[33]李放,白玉龙,杨晓冰,等.膝关节骨关节炎的多点间歇等长练习.中国康复医学杂志,1996,11(4)：148.
[34]孙启良.股四头肌等张训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中国康复医学杂志,1993,8(1)：14-16.
[35]倪国新.股四头肌等长并等张训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2000,22：312—313.
[36]王海芹.等速肌力训练对膝部骨性关节炎康复治疗的应用研究.武汉体育学院硕士学位论文,2011.
[37]卓大宏主编.中国康复医学.第1版.北京：华夏出版社.1990·298.
[38]窦娜,金晶.等速离心肌力训练在膝关节骨关节炎康复治疗中的应用.华北煤炭医学院学报,2009,11(5)：633—634.
[39]谷爱武,白玉龙,等.等速离心肌力训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎的研究.中国康复医学杂志,1997,12(5)：197—199.
[40]HuangMH,Lin YS,YangRC.A comparison of various therapeutic exercises on the functional status of patient:with knee osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2003,32: 398-406.
[41]Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, GoldbergVM, et al. Osteoarthritis:diagnosis and management [M]. Philadelphia:Saunders,1984.294-295.
[42]曲绵域,于长隆.实用运动医学[M].北京：北京大学医学出版社,2003：1004.
[43]高晓平,韩瑞,等.关节松动术结合肌力训练在膝关节骨关节炎康复中的作用.安徽医药,2003,7(5)：344—345.
[44]官伦昌,郭智荣.应用关节松动术治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中国康复.1999,14(4):235-236.
[45]吴佳,王丹.肌力训练结合关节松动术在膝关节骨关节炎康复治疗中的疗效.2008年浙江省物理医学与康复学术年会.
[46]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Prorioception of the ankle and knee[J]. Sports Med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[47]李伟,汪宗保,李国平,等.膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态运动学参数的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(1)：11-13.
[48]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JI, et al. The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of ath-letic injuries[J]. Am J Sports Med,1997,25:130-134.
[49]巩尊科,翟宏伟,等.本体感觉强化训练对膝骨性关节炎的影响.中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(2)：158—160.
[50]蒋拥军,李克军,等.平衡促进训练对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后患膝本体感觉的影响.2011,26(3)：251—253.
[51]马校军,王安利,等.动态平衡训练对膝关节位置觉干预效果的研究.山东体育学院学报,2011,27(7)：37—43.
[52]王俊,张志杰,等.水中PNF技术对膝关节损伤后功能障碍的治疗作用.中国康复,2009,24(3)：187—189.
[53]吴毅,范振华,等.膝关节骨性关节炎等速肌力测试的研究.中国康复医学杂志,1995,10(4)：145—148.
[54]虞定海,崔永胜.论“健身气功五禽戏”创编理念[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(5)：83-86.
[55]虞定海,陈文鹤,张素珍；等.五禽戏新功法的编创及实验效果[J].上海体育学院学报,2003(2)：55-58.
[56]司马承祯.气功第四卷合订本[M].杭州：浙江科学技术出版社,1983：189.
[57]茅飞波.中医老年保健古代文献资料整理研究[D].广州中医药大学学位论文,2007.
[58]刘兆杰.我国传统运动养生法简述[J].健康教育,2006(8)：83-85.
[59]赵刚,虞定海,张素珍等.中老年女性练习五禽戏时的实时心率变化[J].中国理论康复与实践,2005,11(8)：671-673.
[60]沈仲元,竺英祺,余平等.健身气功习练的动态过程生理研究[J].搏击,2009,1(2)：1-2.
[61]吴京梅,虞定海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人部分即时功效生理指标的实验研究[J].第八届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(二),2007：365.
[62]虞定海,陈文鹤,张素珍.五禽戏练习对中老年女性体质的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2004,25(3)：309-310.
[63]朱寒笑,郏孙勇,陈雪莲.16周新编五禽戏锻炼对老年女性身体机能相关指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2008,27(4):499-500.
[64]崔永胜,虞定海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年女性身心健康的影响[J].北京体育大学学报.2004,27(11)：1504-1506.
[65]朱寒笑.新编五禽戏延缓人体衰老的效果[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(23)：16-18.
[66]虞定海.6个月健身气功·五禽戏锻炼前后中老年人脂代谢变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2008,27(5)：610-611.
[67]李兆伟,周丽娟.健身气功·五禽戏对血脂异常患者干预作用的研究[J].广州体育学院学报.2009,29(4)：97-99,103.
[68]沙鹏.健身气功五禽戏对中老年女性血脂指标及平衡能力的影响[J].陕西中医.2010,31(10)：1332-1333.
[69]闫严.健身气功·五禽戏对高脂血症患者细胞黏附分子及血脂水平的影响. 辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2009,32(3)：356-358
[70]李兴海.健身气功·五禽戏对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液流变性研究的研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版).2007,30(3)：369-371.
[71]虞定海,吴京梅.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人NK细胞的影响[J].上海体育学院学报.2008,32(1)：56-58,94.
[72]虞定海,王敬浩.中老年人五禽戏锻炼3个月前后NK细胞活性的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2005,24(5)：602-603.
[73]吴京梅,虞定海.“健身气功五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人外周血T细胞亚群的影响[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,29(8)：1074-1075,1078.
[74]虞定海,王敬浩.6个月健身气功五禽戏锻炼前后中老年人外周血T淋巴细胞的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2007,26(2)：206-207,234.
[75]朱毅,李凝,金宏柱.五禽戏早期十预对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2010,12(6)：107-109.
[76]黎光异.健身气功五禽戏结合放松功治疗慢性失眠的研究.南京中医药大学博士论文(2009年)
[77]唐辉,殷晓东,殷晓艳.益气壮骨汤并五禽戏治疗原发性骨质疏松症[J].现代康复.2000,4(12)：109.
[78]何宜忠,郑德梅.健身气功·五禽戏之“熊戏”健身养生作用[J].郧阳师范高等专科学校学报.2010,30(3)：49-50
[79]健身气功[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2005：114、130
[80]谢萌,健身气功五禽戏平衡动作对下肢稳定性的运动解剖学与肌电分析,上海体育学院硕士毕业论文,2011.05.
[81]Lemmey AB, Marcora SM, Chester K, et al. Effects of high—intensityresistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:a randomizedcontrolled trial [J]. Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(12):1726-1734.
[82]Formsma SA, van der Sluis CK, Dijkstra PU. Effectiveness of a MP— blocking splint and therapy in rheumatoid arthritis:a descriptivepilot study[J]. J Hand Ther,2008,21(4): 347-353.
[83]李方.前交叉韧带本体感觉功能的临床认识[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(8)：756-759
[84]钱京京,李春治.人体本体感觉的研究及其进展[J].中外医疗,2011,18.
[85]Emery CA,Cassidy JD.Klassen TP,et al.Effectiveness of a home based balance training program in reducing sports related injuries among healthy adolescents:a cluster randomized controlled trial[J].c MAJ,2005,172(6):49-754.
[86]Arnold CM,Sran MM,Harrison EI.Exercise for fall"s k reduction in community dwelling older adults:a systematic review[J].Physiotherapy Can,2008,60(4)358-372.
[87]Browne J,Hare N,Development of a novel method for assessing balance:the quantitative posturography system[J].PhysiolMeas.2000,21(4)525-534.
[88]Tiedemann A,Shimada H,sherrington C,et aLThe comparative ability of eight functional mobility tests for predicting falls in community dwelling older people[J].Age Ageing,2008,37(4):430-435.
[89]李擎.乒乓球运动员平衡训练效果的研究.上海体育学院博士论文(2009年)
[90]任玉衡,田得祥,史和福,等.优秀运动员的运动创伤流行病学调查[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(4)：377-386
[91]吴毅,胡永善,范文可等.功能评定量表信度和效度的研究[J]；中国康复医学杂志,2004,19(3)：230-231.
[92]金冬梅,燕铁斌,曾海辉Berg平衡量表的效度和信度研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2003,18(1)：25-27.
[93]金冬梅,燕铁斌.平衡功能临床评定研究进展[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2002,24(3)：187-189.
[94]Tyson S, DeSouza L.Aclinical model for the assessment of posture and balance post stroke. Disability Rehabilitation 2003,25:120-6.
[95]郭敏,陈洪沛,黄佳等Brunel平衡量表：一种新型的脑卒中平衡量表[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(32)：150-151.
[96]李浩范Rivermead运动指数的简要回顾[J]国外医学.物理医学与康复学分册,2000,20(4)：189.
[97]马文龙,洪军.平衡评定的理论思考[J].国外医学(物理医学与康复学分册),2002,22(4)：159-162.
[98]翟浩瀚,王玉龙,王玉珍等.平衡仪反馈训练法和Bobath平衡训练法对偏瘫患者平衡和功能性行走能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志；2005,20(10)：753-755.
[99]文诗广,陈伟群,重心平衡测定仪检测人体平衡功能[J].现代康复,2000,4(5)：672-673.
[100]王津存,万琪,王卫东,重心动摇平衡检查在共济失调患者诊断中的应用价值[J].中国临 床康复,2002,6(19)：2869-2870.
[101]Karinkanta s.Heinonen A-Sievanen H,et al.Factors predicting dynamic balance and quality of life in home dwelling elderly women[J].Gerontology,2005,51(2):116-121.
[102]翟浩瀚,王玉龙,陈惠德等,应用平衡测试训练系统测量平衡功能的效度和敏感性[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(21)：1-3.
[103]张丽,黎春华,瓮长水等.Tetrax平衡测试系统用于老年人平衡功能测试的重测信度[J].中国康复理论与实践,2011,17(7)：637-639.
[104]刘汉良,尤春景,黄晓琳等.正常人动态平衡能力测试的信度及效度分析[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(3)：152-155.
[105]张新华.试论运动康复训练原则体系[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,6：：172-173.
[106]沈敏,方栋,顾秋燕等Tetrax平衡测试与训练对脑梗死偏瘫患者平衡功能的影响[J].中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(3)：249-250.
[107]刘景隆,周连元,张红.脑卒中后本体感觉障碍对日常生活能力的影响[J].中国康复理论与实践；2006,12(6)：496-497.
[108]张盘德,刘翠华,皮周凯等.应用平衡功能检测训练系统改善脑卒中患者平衡功能的疗效观察[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005,27(9)：530-533.
[109]冯南尧,顾旭东,姚云海等.平衡功能训练对偏瘫患者步行能力提高的临床研究[A].中国康复医学会第五届全国康复治疗学术会议论文集[C].2006.
[110]程嘉,王玉凤,任园春.平衡功能对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿临床特点的影响[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2010,25(12)：882-883.
[111]张丽华,金彩君.感觉统合训练对痉挛型脑瘫儿童立位平衡功能的影响[A].第四届全国儿童康复、第十一届全国小儿脑瘫康复学术会议暨国际学术交流会议论文集[C].2010.
[112]白玉龙,吴毅,胡永善等.小脑性共济失调患者的康复评定与治疗[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(28)：3876-3878.
[113]乔柱,袁伟男.S-E-T悬吊训练对田径运动员平衡能力的影响[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2010,29(5)：85-87.
[114]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[115]Grigg P.Peripheral-neural mechanisms in proprioception[J].J Sport Rehab,1994,3:2-17.
[116]Friden T,Roberts D,Movin T,et aLFunction after anterior ligament in juries. Influence of visual control and proprioception.Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69:590-594.
[117]李玉周.本体感觉测训方法在膝关节半月板损伤康复中的应用研究[D].北京：北京体育大学,2011.
[118]马燕红,程安龙,江澜等.前交叉韧带损伤后膝关节本体感觉的改变[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(4)：242-243.
[119]Barrett DS.Proprioception and function after anterior cruciate reconstruction.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1991,73:833-837.
[120]Panics QTallay A,Pavlik A,et aLEffect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players[J].Br J Sports MED,2008,42:472-476.
[121]李放,张蕙,胡永善.闭链测定负荷对健康成人下肢位置觉的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2007,22(10)：930.
[122]Grob K R,Knster MS,Higgins SA,et al.Lack of correlation between different measurements of proprioception in the knee.J Bone Joint Surg Br,2002,84:614-618.
[123]陈蔚,郭燕梅,翁长水等.膝骨关节炎患者下肢动静态位置觉的临床测试分析[J].中国康复理论与实践,2011,17(1)：77-79
[124]Nordez A,Casari P,Cornu C.Accuracy of Biodex system-3 pro computerized dynamometer in passive mode[J].Med Eng Phys,2005,30(7):6-8.
[125]朱燕,裘敏蕾,陈永强等使用Biodex等速测试仪进行踝关节内外翻本体感觉测试的信度研究[J].中国康复,2011,26(5)：347-349.
[126]张秋霞,花秀琴,施永健.踝关节本体感觉的测量方法研究与应用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011,15(35)：6619-6623.
[127]王嵘Neurothrophin-3对本体感觉神经作用的研究进展[J].医学研究生学报,2007,20(7)：774-775.
[128]Chen H H,Tourtellotte WG,Frank E.Muscle spindle-derived neurothrophin-3 regulates synaptic connectivity between muscle sensory and motor neurons[J].J Neuroscience,2002,22(9)3512-3519.
[129]郑荣强,王予彬.肌肉疲劳对膝关节本体感觉的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2010,14(28)：5251-5253.
[130]张秋霞,张林,王国祥.局部肌肉疲劳对踝关节本体感觉的影响[J].体育科学,2011,31(3)：68-73.
[131]升宽,丸山仁司,高桥直子.膝关节本体感觉与膝关节转矩间关系的考察[A].中日脑瘫学术交流大会暨康复新技术论坛[C].2005.
[132]谷莉,周谋望,陈亚平等.前交叉韧带重建术后影响本体感觉恢复的因素[J].中国康复医学杂志,2007,22(12)：1095-1096.
[133]马燕红,程安龙,江澜等.本体感觉训练在膝前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用[J].中国物理医学与康复杂志,2005,27(7)：413-415.
[134]沈梅,金可心,毛世刚等.前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉训练前后步行参数变化的计算机辅助三维步态分析系统比较[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011,15(48)：8947-8950.
[135]陈香仙,邹华刚.膝侧副韧带损伤后本体感觉恢复的训练研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(3):400-413.
[136]吕新颖,王文忠,刘正.超等长训练的生理学分析[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2000,17(1)：44-47.
[137]宋磊刚.不同训练方法对踝关节外侧韧带损伤后本体感觉恢复效果的对比研究[D].河北师范大学,2010.
[138]王春阳,宋君毅,吕秋壮.篮球运动运踝关节柔韧性、本体感觉与踝关节损伤的预期性研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2003,23(3)：21-22.
[139]陈瑞凯,王勇.本体感觉与表象训练的关系及二者在运动技能形成中的重要意义[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：194-196.
[140]汪浩.浅谈少体校射击运动员的本体感觉训练[J].运动,2010,5.
[141]陈丽霞,吴润辉,张光宇.本体感觉训练对儿童血友病患者下肢靶关节出血频率的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2010,25(4):340-342.
[142]张鹰,危昔均.Thera-band技术对灾区伤员截肢残端本体感觉训练后敏感程度的变化观察[A].中国康复医学会第十届全国运动疗法大会暨“5.12”康复医学国际论坛论文汇编[C].2009.
[143]燕铁斌.功能性电刺激改善急性脑卒中患者膝关节本体感觉阈值的随机对照研究[A].中华医学会第九次全国物理医学与康复学学术会议[C],2007.
[144]潘华平,冯慧,李亚娟等.负荷控制的本体感觉训练队脑卒中患者平衡功能及下肢运动能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2011,26(11)：1025-1028.
[145]Marc Roig,Janice JE, Jeremy DR, et aL Falls in patients with chronic obstructive pumonary disease:A call for further research[J]. Respiratory medicine.2009:1-13.
[146]虞定海,王敬浩.中老年人五禽戏锻炼3个月前后NK细胞活性的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2005,24(5)：602-603
[147]国家体育总局健身气功管理中心.健身气功·五禽戏[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003.
[148]Stalenhoef P.A, Diederiks J.P.M.,Knottnerus J.A., et al. A risk model for the Prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly:A prospective cohort study[J]Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2002,55:1088-1094.
[149]Marika Salminen, Tero Vahlberg, Sanna Sihvonen, et al. Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention on postural balance in the community-dwelling aged:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2009,48:22-27.
[150]Paul Gerdhem, Karin AM, Kristina AK, et al. Clinical history and biologic age predicted falls better than objective functional tests[J]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2005,58:226-232.
[151]Campbell AJ, Robertson MC. Rethinking individual and community fall prevention strategies:a meta-regression comparing single and multifactorial interventions[J].Age and Ageing.2007,36:656-662.
[152]Bellamy N,Buchanan WW,Goldmith CH,et al. Validation study of WOMAC:a health status instrument for measuring clinic ally-important patientrelevant outcomes following total hip or knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis[J]. Orthop Rheumatol. 1988,1:95-108
[153]Me Connell S, Kolopack P, Davis AM. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC):a review of its utility and measurement properties[J].Arthritis Care Res.2001,45:453-61.
[154]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[155]Thomas CL, ed. Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary. PhiladelPhia,PA:F.A.Davis;1985.
[156]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JL, Fu Fh. The role of proprioception in the management of athletic injuries. Am J Sports Med.1997;25:130-137.
[157]Stillman BC, Mcmeeken JM. The role of weight bearing in the clinical assessment of knee joint position sense[J].Anst J Physiother.2001,47(4):247-53.
[158]Chen LF. Reproducibility of Knee Joint Position under Active and Passive Conditions[J]. JPTAROC.1993,18(2):163-76.
[159]Corrigan JP, Cashman WF, Brady MP. Proprioception in the cruciate deficient knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br,1992,74247-250.
[160]PINCIVERO,D.M.,RBACHMEIER, .J.COELHO.The effects of joint angle and reliability on knee proprioception.Med.SciSportsExerc.2001,33(10):1708-1712.
[161]Tinetti MW, Williams TF, Mayewshi R. Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities [J]. Am J Med,1986,80:429.
[162]Voorhees RL. The role of dynamic posturography in neurotologicdiagnosis Laryngoscope, 1989,99(10):995.
[163]Laurence Z. Rubenstein. Falls in older People:epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention[J]. Age and Ageing.2006,35:1137-1141
[164]Larson L, Bergmann TF. Taking on the fall:The etiology and prevention of falls in the elderly[J]. Clin Chiroprac.2008,11:148-154.
[165]Bennell K, Hinman R, Metcalf B, et al. Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis[J].Orthop Res.2003,21(5):792-797.
[166]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Proprioception of ankle and knee[J]. Spoils med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[167]Hassan BS, Doherty SA, Mockett S, et al. Effect of pain reduction on postural sway, proprioception, and quadriceps strength in subjects with knee osteoarthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2002,61(5):422-428.
[168]B S Hassan S Mockett, M Doherty. Static postural sway, proprioception, and maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction in patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal control subjects[J].Ann Rheum Dis.2001,60:612-618.
[169]Laura AW, Darryl GT,Albert BS, et al. Age and gender diffeerence in peak lower extremity joint torques and ranges of motion used during single-step balance recovery from a forward fall[J].Biomech.2001,34:67-73.
[170]ZhangJG, Kazuko IT, Yamazaki H, et al. The effeets of TaiChiChuan on Physiological function and fear of falling in the less robust elderly:An intervention study for preventing falls[J]. Arch Geront Geriatr.2006,42:107-116
[171]李伟,汪宗保,李同平等.膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态运动学参数的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志.2008,23(1)：11-13.
[172]王文,刘庆山.太极拳对老年人下肢运动机能影响的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2003.23(5)：36-38
[173]金昌龙.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报.,2005,29(1)：44-48
[174]Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Hochberg MC, et aL Osteoarthritis:new insights. Part 2: treatment approaches [J]. Ann Intern Med,2000,133(9):726-737.
[175]燕铁斌.太极拳对健康老年妇女平衡功能影响的对照研究.[J].中国临床康 复,2005.9.(4)：159-161
[176]崔永胜,虞宝海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年女性身心健康的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(11)：1504-1506
[177]LordSR.老年人健身活动对平衡、力量、神经肌肉调节和反映时间的作用[J].国外医学物理医学与康复学分册,15(3)：129-130
[178]国家体育总局健身气功管理中心.健身气功[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2005：114-130
[179]Hart D J, S pector T D. The relationship of obesity, fat distribution and osteoarthritis in women in the general population:the Chingford Study[J]. J Rheumatol,1993,20:331-335.
[180]Cyrus Cooper, Shelagh Snow, Timothy E. M. Cal indon, et al. Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2000,43 (5):995-1000.
[181]A Powell, AJ Teichtahl, AE Whika, et al. Obesity:a preventable risk factor for large joint osteoarthritis which may act through biomechanical factors[J]. Br J Sports Med,2005,39: 4-5.
[182]Sharma L,Lou C,Cahue S,et al. The mechanism of the effect of obesity in knee osteoarthritis:the mediating role of malalignment [J]. Arthritis Rheum,2000,43:568-575.
[183]李琦,段王平,曹晓明等.膝骨关节炎患者体重指数与下肢力线关系的病例对照研究[J].中国骨伤,2011,11(24)：911-914
[184]张雁,恽晓平.反应时测试的应用[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(1)：34-7.
[185]Aley L, Miller EW, Bode S, et al. Effects of age, task complexity, and exercise on reaction time of women during ambulation tasks [J]. Geriatri Phys Ther,2007,30:1-7.
[186]Fozard JL,Vercryssen M, Reynolds SL, et al. Age differences and changes in reaction time: The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging [J]. J Gerontol,1994,49:179-189.
[187]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[188]Grigg p. Peripheral-neural mechanisms in proprioception. J Sport Rehab,1994,3:2-17.
[189]Petrella R J, Lattanzio P J, Nelson MG Effect of age and activity on knee joint proprioception [J]. Am J Sports Med,1995,23:251-253.
[190]Koralew icz LM, Engh GA. Comparison of proprioception in arthritic and age matched normal knees [J]. J Bone Joint Surg,2000,82A:1582-1588.
[191]Bennell K, Hinman R, Metcalf B, et al. Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [J]. J Orthop Res,2003, 21(5):792-797.
[192]Pai YC, Rymer WZ, Chang RW, et al. Effect of age and osteoarthritis on knee proprioception[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1997,40:2260-2265.
[193]van der Esch M, Steultjens M, Harlaar J, et al. Joint proprioception, muscle strength, and functional ability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum,2007,57(5): 787-793.
[194]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Prorioception of the ankle and knee[J]. Sports Med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[195]周斌.运动疗法在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的应用,中国中医骨伤科杂志,2009,17(4)：36-38.
[196]庞丹丹.太极拳运动对中老年人静态平衡能力影响的实验研究.上海体育学院硕士学位论文,2011年.
[197]King et al. J-Gerontol,1994,49(6):258-63.
[198]木村.睁眼、闭眼单脚站立能力与老年者的平衡机能[J].日本体育科学,1996,24.
[199]Laura AW, Darryl GT,Albert BS, et al. Age and gender diffeerence in peak lower extremity joint torques and ranges of motion used during single-step balance recovery from a forward fall[J]. Biomech.2001,34:67-73.
[200]ZhangJG, Kazuko IT, Yamazaki H, et al. The effeets of TaiChiChuan on Physiological function and fear of falling in the less robust elderly:An intervention study for preventing falls[J]. Arch Geront Geriatr.2006,42:107-1161
[201]Hassan BS, Mockett S, Doherty M. Static postural sway, proprioception, and maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction in patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal control subjects[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2001,60(6):612-618.
[202]Hinman RS, Bennell KL, Metcalf BR, et al. Balance impairments in individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:a comparison with matched controls using clinical tests [J]. Rheumatology,2002,41(12):1388-1394.
[203]金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳的练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(1)：44-48.
[204]陈敏雄,王恬,陈佩杰.健身锻炼对老年妇女身体素质和健康能力的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4)：162.
[205]张铁明,谭延敏.秧歌与太极拳对中老年女性健身作用的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(36)：76-78.
[206]姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(1)：75-77.
[207]Wolf S L, Sattin R W, Kutne R M, et al. Intense tai chi exercise training and fall occurrences in older, transitionally frail adults:A randomized, controlled trial [J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2003,51 (12):1693-1701
[208]Stalenhoef P.A, Diederiks J.P.M.,Knottnerus J.A., et al. A risk model for the Prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly:A prospective cohort study[J] Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2002,55:1088-1094.
[209]Marika Salminen, Tero Vahlberg, Sanna Sihvonen, et al. Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention on postural balance in the community-dwelling aged:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2009,48:22-27.
[210]Paul Gerdhem, Karin AM, Kristina AK, et al. Clinical history and biologic age predicted falls better than objective functional tests[J]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2005,58:226-232.
[211]Campbell AJ, Robertson MC. Rethinking individual and community fall prevention strategies:a meta-regression comparing single and multifactorial interventions[J].Age and Ageing.2007,36:656-662.
[2]栗占国.骨关节炎诊治指南(草案).中华风湿病学杂志,2003,7(11)：702-704.
[3]李宁华.中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征,中国临床康复,2005,9(38)：133-135.
[4]Felson DT, Naim ark A, Anderson J. et al. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly. The Fram ingham Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum,1987,30(8):914-918.
[5]Zhang Y, Xu L, Nev ittMC, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis between the elderly Chinese population in Beijing and whites in the United States:the Beijing Osteoarthritis Study. Arthritis Rheum,2001,44(9):2065-2071.
[6]Sudo A, M iyamoto N, H orikaw a K, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in elderly Japanese men and women. J O rthop Sci,2008,13(5):413-418.
[7]Kang X, Fransen M, Zhang Y, et al. The high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in a rural Chinese population:the Wuchuan osteoarthritis study. Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(5):641-647.
[8]Gokhale JA, Frenkel SR, Dices are PE. Estrogen and osteoarthritis. Am J Orthop,2004, 33(2):71-80.
[9]Vianda SS, JanHS, SaskiaMF, et al. Balance and mobility performance as treatable risk factors for recurrent falling in older persons[J] Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2003,56:659-668
[10]Ummuhan BA Ugur Cavlak, NesrinYagei, et al.Balance Performance, aging and falling: A comparative study based on a Turkish sample[J].Achives of Gerontology and Geriatries.2008,46:283-292
[11]陈君,石凤英,李译萍,等.预测老年人跌倒危险的平衡和步态功能性评定研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志.2004,19：713-715.
[12]肖春梅,周巨林,李阳,等.老年人跌倒相关因素的国外研究进展[J].中国临床康复.2002,6：1014-1015.
[13]Vick scot,Kristine votova,Andria scanlan, et al. Multifactorial and functional mobility assessment tools for fall risk among older adults in community, home-support, long-term and acute care settings[J].Ageand Ageing.2007,36:130-139.
[14]王敏,江勇.浅谈五禽戏在康复临床中的应用[J].按摩与导引,2008,28(2)：42-43.
[15]工培明.膝宁方治疗膝关节骨关节炎肝肾亏虚证的临床研究.南京中医药大学2002级博士研究生学位论文.
[16]苏阳,朱志刚,等.广州地区中老年人症状性膝关节骨关节炎流行病学的调查研究.中华关节外科杂志(电子版),2010,4(4)：438-444.
[17]李宁华,中老年人群骨关节炎的流行病学特征.中国临床康复,2005,9(38)：133-135
[18]王宇强,王小华,等.西安、天津、广州3城市膝骨性关节炎患者、门诊就治者及社区人员膝骨关节炎主要致病因素：多中心整群抽样分层调查.中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2009,13(41)：8155-8159.
[19]王蕾.天津市城区40岁以上职工膝骨关节炎流行病学调查.天津医科大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[20]Tzu-TingHuang, Woan-Shyyuan Wang. Comparison of three established measures of fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults:Psychometric testing[J]. J.Nurs.stud. 2009:1-7.
[21]JH Kellgren and JS Lawrenee.Radiological assessment of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis,Dec 1957; 16(4):494-502.
[22]徐虎,张春礼,等.关节镜下膝关节骨关节炎关节清理术的疗效分析.中国康复,2002,22(1)：16-17.
[23]白雪,王志强,等.关节镜下关节清理扩创微骨折术后配合运动疗法治疗中老年膝骨关节炎临床疗效观察.中国矫形外科杂志,2011,19(5)：35-438.
[24]夏铃,王欢,等.膝骨性关节炎的非手术治疗现状.中国老年学杂志,2011,31(8)：1491-1494.
[25]俞晓杰,吴毅.运动疗法在膝关节骨关节炎中的应用.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005,7(9)：559-561.
[26]邓军民.老年人静态平衡能力的分析及其评价系统的初步建立.北京体育大学硕士学位毕业论文,2002.
[27]徐国会,郑洁皎,等.老年双膝骨性关节炎患者膝关节屈伸肌力与静态平衡的变化特征,2009,15(12)：1153-1155.
[28]周斌.运动疗法在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的应用.中国中医骨伤科杂志,2009,17(4)：36-38.
[29]陈裔英,沈红星,付本升.膝关节骨性关节炎患者接受针刀治疗后不同阶段的运动处方.中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2008,12(24)：4773-4776.
[30]Johanson H,Sjolander P,Sojka P.A sensory role for the cruciate ligmens[J].Clin Orthop,1991,268:161.
[31]王萍.膝关节骨性关节炎的康复治疗.中国康复医学杂志,2005,20(7)：558—560.
[32]孙启良,谢欲晓,李汇川,等.股四头肌等长训练治疗膝关节骨性关节病.中国康复医学杂志,1989,4(2)：22.
[33]李放,白玉龙,杨晓冰,等.膝关节骨关节炎的多点间歇等长练习.中国康复医学杂志,1996,11(4)：148.
[34]孙启良.股四头肌等张训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中国康复医学杂志,1993,8(1)：14-16.
[35]倪国新.股四头肌等长并等张训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中华物理医学与康复杂志,2000,22：312—313.
[36]王海芹.等速肌力训练对膝部骨性关节炎康复治疗的应用研究.武汉体育学院硕士学位论文,2011.
[37]卓大宏主编.中国康复医学.第1版.北京：华夏出版社.1990·298.
[38]窦娜,金晶.等速离心肌力训练在膝关节骨关节炎康复治疗中的应用.华北煤炭医学院学报,2009,11(5)：633—634.
[39]谷爱武,白玉龙,等.等速离心肌力训练治疗膝关节骨关节炎的研究.中国康复医学杂志,1997,12(5)：197—199.
[40]HuangMH,Lin YS,YangRC.A comparison of various therapeutic exercises on the functional status of patient:with knee osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum,2003,32: 398-406.
[41]Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, GoldbergVM, et al. Osteoarthritis:diagnosis and management [M]. Philadelphia:Saunders,1984.294-295.
[42]曲绵域,于长隆.实用运动医学[M].北京：北京大学医学出版社,2003：1004.
[43]高晓平,韩瑞,等.关节松动术结合肌力训练在膝关节骨关节炎康复中的作用.安徽医药,2003,7(5)：344—345.
[44]官伦昌,郭智荣.应用关节松动术治疗膝关节骨关节炎.中国康复.1999,14(4):235-236.
[45]吴佳,王丹.肌力训练结合关节松动术在膝关节骨关节炎康复治疗中的疗效.2008年浙江省物理医学与康复学术年会.
[46]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Prorioception of the ankle and knee[J]. Sports Med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[47]李伟,汪宗保,李国平,等.膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态运动学参数的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(1)：11-13.
[48]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JI, et al. The role of proprioception in the management and rehabilitation of ath-letic injuries[J]. Am J Sports Med,1997,25:130-134.
[49]巩尊科,翟宏伟,等.本体感觉强化训练对膝骨性关节炎的影响.中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(2)：158—160.
[50]蒋拥军,李克军,等.平衡促进训练对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤重建术后患膝本体感觉的影响.2011,26(3)：251—253.
[51]马校军,王安利,等.动态平衡训练对膝关节位置觉干预效果的研究.山东体育学院学报,2011,27(7)：37—43.
[52]王俊,张志杰,等.水中PNF技术对膝关节损伤后功能障碍的治疗作用.中国康复,2009,24(3)：187—189.
[53]吴毅,范振华,等.膝关节骨性关节炎等速肌力测试的研究.中国康复医学杂志,1995,10(4)：145—148.
[54]虞定海,崔永胜.论“健身气功五禽戏”创编理念[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(5)：83-86.
[55]虞定海,陈文鹤,张素珍；等.五禽戏新功法的编创及实验效果[J].上海体育学院学报,2003(2)：55-58.
[56]司马承祯.气功第四卷合订本[M].杭州：浙江科学技术出版社,1983：189.
[57]茅飞波.中医老年保健古代文献资料整理研究[D].广州中医药大学学位论文,2007.
[58]刘兆杰.我国传统运动养生法简述[J].健康教育,2006(8)：83-85.
[59]赵刚,虞定海,张素珍等.中老年女性练习五禽戏时的实时心率变化[J].中国理论康复与实践,2005,11(8)：671-673.
[60]沈仲元,竺英祺,余平等.健身气功习练的动态过程生理研究[J].搏击,2009,1(2)：1-2.
[61]吴京梅,虞定海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人部分即时功效生理指标的实验研究[J].第八届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编(二),2007：365.
[62]虞定海,陈文鹤,张素珍.五禽戏练习对中老年女性体质的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2004,25(3)：309-310.
[63]朱寒笑,郏孙勇,陈雪莲.16周新编五禽戏锻炼对老年女性身体机能相关指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志.2008,27(4):499-500.
[64]崔永胜,虞定海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年女性身心健康的影响[J].北京体育大学学报.2004,27(11)：1504-1506.
[65]朱寒笑.新编五禽戏延缓人体衰老的效果[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(23)：16-18.
[66]虞定海.6个月健身气功·五禽戏锻炼前后中老年人脂代谢变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2008,27(5)：610-611.
[67]李兆伟,周丽娟.健身气功·五禽戏对血脂异常患者干预作用的研究[J].广州体育学院学报.2009,29(4)：97-99,103.
[68]沙鹏.健身气功五禽戏对中老年女性血脂指标及平衡能力的影响[J].陕西中医.2010,31(10)：1332-1333.
[69]闫严.健身气功·五禽戏对高脂血症患者细胞黏附分子及血脂水平的影响. 辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2009,32(3)：356-358
[70]李兴海.健身气功·五禽戏对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血液流变性研究的研究[J].辽宁师范大学学报(自然科学版).2007,30(3)：369-371.
[71]虞定海,吴京梅.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人NK细胞的影响[J].上海体育学院学报.2008,32(1)：56-58,94.
[72]虞定海,王敬浩.中老年人五禽戏锻炼3个月前后NK细胞活性的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2005,24(5)：602-603.
[73]吴京梅,虞定海.“健身气功五禽戏”锻炼对中老年人外周血T细胞亚群的影响[J].北京体育大学学报.2006,29(8)：1074-1075,1078.
[74]虞定海,王敬浩.6个月健身气功五禽戏锻炼前后中老年人外周血T淋巴细胞的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2007,26(2)：206-207,234.
[75]朱毅,李凝,金宏柱.五禽戏早期十预对稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响[J].辽宁中医药大学学报.2010,12(6)：107-109.
[76]黎光异.健身气功五禽戏结合放松功治疗慢性失眠的研究.南京中医药大学博士论文(2009年)
[77]唐辉,殷晓东,殷晓艳.益气壮骨汤并五禽戏治疗原发性骨质疏松症[J].现代康复.2000,4(12)：109.
[78]何宜忠,郑德梅.健身气功·五禽戏之“熊戏”健身养生作用[J].郧阳师范高等专科学校学报.2010,30(3)：49-50
[79]健身气功[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2005：114、130
[80]谢萌,健身气功五禽戏平衡动作对下肢稳定性的运动解剖学与肌电分析,上海体育学院硕士毕业论文,2011.05.
[81]Lemmey AB, Marcora SM, Chester K, et al. Effects of high—intensityresistance training in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:a randomizedcontrolled trial [J]. Arthritis Rheum,2009,61(12):1726-1734.
[82]Formsma SA, van der Sluis CK, Dijkstra PU. Effectiveness of a MP— blocking splint and therapy in rheumatoid arthritis:a descriptivepilot study[J]. J Hand Ther,2008,21(4): 347-353.
[83]李方.前交叉韧带本体感觉功能的临床认识[J].中国康复医学杂志,2008,23(8)：756-759
[84]钱京京,李春治.人体本体感觉的研究及其进展[J].中外医疗,2011,18.
[85]Emery CA,Cassidy JD.Klassen TP,et al.Effectiveness of a home based balance training program in reducing sports related injuries among healthy adolescents:a cluster randomized controlled trial[J].c MAJ,2005,172(6):49-754.
[86]Arnold CM,Sran MM,Harrison EI.Exercise for fall"s k reduction in community dwelling older adults:a systematic review[J].Physiotherapy Can,2008,60(4)358-372.
[87]Browne J,Hare N,Development of a novel method for assessing balance:the quantitative posturography system[J].PhysiolMeas.2000,21(4)525-534.
[88]Tiedemann A,Shimada H,sherrington C,et aLThe comparative ability of eight functional mobility tests for predicting falls in community dwelling older people[J].Age Ageing,2008,37(4):430-435.
[89]李擎.乒乓球运动员平衡训练效果的研究.上海体育学院博士论文(2009年)
[90]任玉衡,田得祥,史和福,等.优秀运动员的运动创伤流行病学调查[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(4)：377-386
[91]吴毅,胡永善,范文可等.功能评定量表信度和效度的研究[J]；中国康复医学杂志,2004,19(3)：230-231.
[92]金冬梅,燕铁斌,曾海辉Berg平衡量表的效度和信度研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2003,18(1)：25-27.
[93]金冬梅,燕铁斌.平衡功能临床评定研究进展[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2002,24(3)：187-189.
[94]Tyson S, DeSouza L.Aclinical model for the assessment of posture and balance post stroke. Disability Rehabilitation 2003,25:120-6.
[95]郭敏,陈洪沛,黄佳等Brunel平衡量表：一种新型的脑卒中平衡量表[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(32)：150-151.
[96]李浩范Rivermead运动指数的简要回顾[J]国外医学.物理医学与康复学分册,2000,20(4)：189.
[97]马文龙,洪军.平衡评定的理论思考[J].国外医学(物理医学与康复学分册),2002,22(4)：159-162.
[98]翟浩瀚,王玉龙,王玉珍等.平衡仪反馈训练法和Bobath平衡训练法对偏瘫患者平衡和功能性行走能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志；2005,20(10)：753-755.
[99]文诗广,陈伟群,重心平衡测定仪检测人体平衡功能[J].现代康复,2000,4(5)：672-673.
[100]王津存,万琪,王卫东,重心动摇平衡检查在共济失调患者诊断中的应用价值[J].中国临 床康复,2002,6(19)：2869-2870.
[101]Karinkanta s.Heinonen A-Sievanen H,et al.Factors predicting dynamic balance and quality of life in home dwelling elderly women[J].Gerontology,2005,51(2):116-121.
[102]翟浩瀚,王玉龙,陈惠德等,应用平衡测试训练系统测量平衡功能的效度和敏感性[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(21)：1-3.
[103]张丽,黎春华,瓮长水等.Tetrax平衡测试系统用于老年人平衡功能测试的重测信度[J].中国康复理论与实践,2011,17(7)：637-639.
[104]刘汉良,尤春景,黄晓琳等.正常人动态平衡能力测试的信度及效度分析[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(3)：152-155.
[105]张新华.试论运动康复训练原则体系[J].齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2009,6：：172-173.
[106]沈敏,方栋,顾秋燕等Tetrax平衡测试与训练对脑梗死偏瘫患者平衡功能的影响[J].中国康复理论与实践,2010,16(3)：249-250.
[107]刘景隆,周连元,张红.脑卒中后本体感觉障碍对日常生活能力的影响[J].中国康复理论与实践；2006,12(6)：496-497.
[108]张盘德,刘翠华,皮周凯等.应用平衡功能检测训练系统改善脑卒中患者平衡功能的疗效观察[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2005,27(9)：530-533.
[109]冯南尧,顾旭东,姚云海等.平衡功能训练对偏瘫患者步行能力提高的临床研究[A].中国康复医学会第五届全国康复治疗学术会议论文集[C].2006.
[110]程嘉,王玉凤,任园春.平衡功能对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿临床特点的影响[J].实用儿科临床杂志,2010,25(12)：882-883.
[111]张丽华,金彩君.感觉统合训练对痉挛型脑瘫儿童立位平衡功能的影响[A].第四届全国儿童康复、第十一届全国小儿脑瘫康复学术会议暨国际学术交流会议论文集[C].2010.
[112]白玉龙,吴毅,胡永善等.小脑性共济失调患者的康复评定与治疗[J].中国临床康复,2003,7(28)：3876-3878.
[113]乔柱,袁伟男.S-E-T悬吊训练对田径运动员平衡能力的影响[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2010,29(5)：85-87.
[114]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[115]Grigg P.Peripheral-neural mechanisms in proprioception[J].J Sport Rehab,1994,3:2-17.
[116]Friden T,Roberts D,Movin T,et aLFunction after anterior ligament in juries. Influence of visual control and proprioception.Acta Orthop Scand,1998,69:590-594.
[117]李玉周.本体感觉测训方法在膝关节半月板损伤康复中的应用研究[D].北京：北京体育大学,2011.
[118]马燕红,程安龙,江澜等.前交叉韧带损伤后膝关节本体感觉的改变[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2004,26(4)：242-243.
[119]Barrett DS.Proprioception and function after anterior cruciate reconstruction.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1991,73:833-837.
[120]Panics QTallay A,Pavlik A,et aLEffect of proprioception training on knee joint position sense in female team handball players[J].Br J Sports MED,2008,42:472-476.
[121]李放,张蕙,胡永善.闭链测定负荷对健康成人下肢位置觉的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2007,22(10)：930.
[122]Grob K R,Knster MS,Higgins SA,et al.Lack of correlation between different measurements of proprioception in the knee.J Bone Joint Surg Br,2002,84:614-618.
[123]陈蔚,郭燕梅,翁长水等.膝骨关节炎患者下肢动静态位置觉的临床测试分析[J].中国康复理论与实践,2011,17(1)：77-79
[124]Nordez A,Casari P,Cornu C.Accuracy of Biodex system-3 pro computerized dynamometer in passive mode[J].Med Eng Phys,2005,30(7):6-8.
[125]朱燕,裘敏蕾,陈永强等使用Biodex等速测试仪进行踝关节内外翻本体感觉测试的信度研究[J].中国康复,2011,26(5)：347-349.
[126]张秋霞,花秀琴,施永健.踝关节本体感觉的测量方法研究与应用[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011,15(35)：6619-6623.
[127]王嵘Neurothrophin-3对本体感觉神经作用的研究进展[J].医学研究生学报,2007,20(7)：774-775.
[128]Chen H H,Tourtellotte WG,Frank E.Muscle spindle-derived neurothrophin-3 regulates synaptic connectivity between muscle sensory and motor neurons[J].J Neuroscience,2002,22(9)3512-3519.
[129]郑荣强,王予彬.肌肉疲劳对膝关节本体感觉的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2010,14(28)：5251-5253.
[130]张秋霞,张林,王国祥.局部肌肉疲劳对踝关节本体感觉的影响[J].体育科学,2011,31(3)：68-73.
[131]升宽,丸山仁司,高桥直子.膝关节本体感觉与膝关节转矩间关系的考察[A].中日脑瘫学术交流大会暨康复新技术论坛[C].2005.
[132]谷莉,周谋望,陈亚平等.前交叉韧带重建术后影响本体感觉恢复的因素[J].中国康复医学杂志,2007,22(12)：1095-1096.
[133]马燕红,程安龙,江澜等.本体感觉训练在膝前交叉韧带重建术后康复中的应用[J].中国物理医学与康复杂志,2005,27(7)：413-415.
[134]沈梅,金可心,毛世刚等.前交叉韧带重建后本体感觉训练前后步行参数变化的计算机辅助三维步态分析系统比较[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011,15(48)：8947-8950.
[135]陈香仙,邹华刚.膝侧副韧带损伤后本体感觉恢复的训练研究[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(3):400-413.
[136]吕新颖,王文忠,刘正.超等长训练的生理学分析[J].阜阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),2000,17(1)：44-47.
[137]宋磊刚.不同训练方法对踝关节外侧韧带损伤后本体感觉恢复效果的对比研究[D].河北师范大学,2010.
[138]王春阳,宋君毅,吕秋壮.篮球运动运踝关节柔韧性、本体感觉与踝关节损伤的预期性研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2003,23(3)：21-22.
[139]陈瑞凯,王勇.本体感觉与表象训练的关系及二者在运动技能形成中的重要意义[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2011,27(6)：194-196.
[140]汪浩.浅谈少体校射击运动员的本体感觉训练[J].运动,2010,5.
[141]陈丽霞,吴润辉,张光宇.本体感觉训练对儿童血友病患者下肢靶关节出血频率的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2010,25(4):340-342.
[142]张鹰,危昔均.Thera-band技术对灾区伤员截肢残端本体感觉训练后敏感程度的变化观察[A].中国康复医学会第十届全国运动疗法大会暨“5.12”康复医学国际论坛论文汇编[C].2009.
[143]燕铁斌.功能性电刺激改善急性脑卒中患者膝关节本体感觉阈值的随机对照研究[A].中华医学会第九次全国物理医学与康复学学术会议[C],2007.
[144]潘华平,冯慧,李亚娟等.负荷控制的本体感觉训练队脑卒中患者平衡功能及下肢运动能力的影响[J].中国康复医学杂志,2011,26(11)：1025-1028.
[145]Marc Roig,Janice JE, Jeremy DR, et aL Falls in patients with chronic obstructive pumonary disease:A call for further research[J]. Respiratory medicine.2009:1-13.
[146]虞定海,王敬浩.中老年人五禽戏锻炼3个月前后NK细胞活性的变化[J].中国运动医学杂志.2005,24(5)：602-603
[147]国家体育总局健身气功管理中心.健身气功·五禽戏[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2003.
[148]Stalenhoef P.A, Diederiks J.P.M.,Knottnerus J.A., et al. A risk model for the Prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly:A prospective cohort study[J]Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2002,55:1088-1094.
[149]Marika Salminen, Tero Vahlberg, Sanna Sihvonen, et al. Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention on postural balance in the community-dwelling aged:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2009,48:22-27.
[150]Paul Gerdhem, Karin AM, Kristina AK, et al. Clinical history and biologic age predicted falls better than objective functional tests[J]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2005,58:226-232.
[151]Campbell AJ, Robertson MC. Rethinking individual and community fall prevention strategies:a meta-regression comparing single and multifactorial interventions[J].Age and Ageing.2007,36:656-662.
[152]Bellamy N,Buchanan WW,Goldmith CH,et al. Validation study of WOMAC:a health status instrument for measuring clinic ally-important patientrelevant outcomes following total hip or knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis[J]. Orthop Rheumatol. 1988,1:95-108
[153]Me Connell S, Kolopack P, Davis AM. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC):a review of its utility and measurement properties[J].Arthritis Care Res.2001,45:453-61.
[154]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[155]Thomas CL, ed. Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary. PhiladelPhia,PA:F.A.Davis;1985.
[156]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Giraldo JL, Fu Fh. The role of proprioception in the management of athletic injuries. Am J Sports Med.1997;25:130-137.
[157]Stillman BC, Mcmeeken JM. The role of weight bearing in the clinical assessment of knee joint position sense[J].Anst J Physiother.2001,47(4):247-53.
[158]Chen LF. Reproducibility of Knee Joint Position under Active and Passive Conditions[J]. JPTAROC.1993,18(2):163-76.
[159]Corrigan JP, Cashman WF, Brady MP. Proprioception in the cruciate deficient knee. J Bone Joint Surg Br,1992,74247-250.
[160]PINCIVERO,D.M.,RBACHMEIER, .J.COELHO.The effects of joint angle and reliability on knee proprioception.Med.SciSportsExerc.2001,33(10):1708-1712.
[161]Tinetti MW, Williams TF, Mayewshi R. Fall risk index for elderly patients based on number of chronic disabilities [J]. Am J Med,1986,80:429.
[162]Voorhees RL. The role of dynamic posturography in neurotologicdiagnosis Laryngoscope, 1989,99(10):995.
[163]Laurence Z. Rubenstein. Falls in older People:epidemiology, risk factors and strategies for prevention[J]. Age and Ageing.2006,35:1137-1141
[164]Larson L, Bergmann TF. Taking on the fall:The etiology and prevention of falls in the elderly[J]. Clin Chiroprac.2008,11:148-154.
[165]Bennell K, Hinman R, Metcalf B, et al. Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis[J].Orthop Res.2003,21(5):792-797.
[166]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Proprioception of ankle and knee[J]. Spoils med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[167]Hassan BS, Doherty SA, Mockett S, et al. Effect of pain reduction on postural sway, proprioception, and quadriceps strength in subjects with knee osteoarthritis [J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2002,61(5):422-428.
[168]B S Hassan S Mockett, M Doherty. Static postural sway, proprioception, and maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction in patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal control subjects[J].Ann Rheum Dis.2001,60:612-618.
[169]Laura AW, Darryl GT,Albert BS, et al. Age and gender diffeerence in peak lower extremity joint torques and ranges of motion used during single-step balance recovery from a forward fall[J].Biomech.2001,34:67-73.
[170]ZhangJG, Kazuko IT, Yamazaki H, et al. The effeets of TaiChiChuan on Physiological function and fear of falling in the less robust elderly:An intervention study for preventing falls[J]. Arch Geront Geriatr.2006,42:107-116
[171]李伟,汪宗保,李同平等.膝关节骨性关节炎患者步态运动学参数的研究[J].中国康复医学杂志.2008,23(1)：11-13.
[172]王文,刘庆山.太极拳对老年人下肢运动机能影响的研究[J].广州体育学院学报,2003.23(5)：36-38
[173]金昌龙.太极拳练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报.,2005,29(1)：44-48
[174]Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Hochberg MC, et aL Osteoarthritis:new insights. Part 2: treatment approaches [J]. Ann Intern Med,2000,133(9):726-737.
[175]燕铁斌.太极拳对健康老年妇女平衡功能影响的对照研究.[J].中国临床康 复,2005.9.(4)：159-161
[176]崔永胜,虞宝海.“健身气功·五禽戏”锻炼对中老年女性身心健康的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(11)：1504-1506
[177]LordSR.老年人健身活动对平衡、力量、神经肌肉调节和反映时间的作用[J].国外医学物理医学与康复学分册,15(3)：129-130
[178]国家体育总局健身气功管理中心.健身气功[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2005：114-130
[179]Hart D J, S pector T D. The relationship of obesity, fat distribution and osteoarthritis in women in the general population:the Chingford Study[J]. J Rheumatol,1993,20:331-335.
[180]Cyrus Cooper, Shelagh Snow, Timothy E. M. Cal indon, et al. Risk factors for the incidence and progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis [J]. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2000,43 (5):995-1000.
[181]A Powell, AJ Teichtahl, AE Whika, et al. Obesity:a preventable risk factor for large joint osteoarthritis which may act through biomechanical factors[J]. Br J Sports Med,2005,39: 4-5.
[182]Sharma L,Lou C,Cahue S,et al. The mechanism of the effect of obesity in knee osteoarthritis:the mediating role of malalignment [J]. Arthritis Rheum,2000,43:568-575.
[183]李琦,段王平,曹晓明等.膝骨关节炎患者体重指数与下肢力线关系的病例对照研究[J].中国骨伤,2011,11(24)：911-914
[184]张雁,恽晓平.反应时测试的应用[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(1)：34-7.
[185]Aley L, Miller EW, Bode S, et al. Effects of age, task complexity, and exercise on reaction time of women during ambulation tasks [J]. Geriatri Phys Ther,2007,30:1-7.
[186]Fozard JL,Vercryssen M, Reynolds SL, et al. Age differences and changes in reaction time: The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging [J]. J Gerontol,1994,49:179-189.
[187]姚泰.生理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2008.
[188]Grigg p. Peripheral-neural mechanisms in proprioception. J Sport Rehab,1994,3:2-17.
[189]Petrella R J, Lattanzio P J, Nelson MG Effect of age and activity on knee joint proprioception [J]. Am J Sports Med,1995,23:251-253.
[190]Koralew icz LM, Engh GA. Comparison of proprioception in arthritic and age matched normal knees [J]. J Bone Joint Surg,2000,82A:1582-1588.
[191]Bennell K, Hinman R, Metcalf B, et al. Relationship of knee joint proprioception to pain and disability in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [J]. J Orthop Res,2003, 21(5):792-797.
[192]Pai YC, Rymer WZ, Chang RW, et al. Effect of age and osteoarthritis on knee proprioception[J]. Arthritis Rheum,1997,40:2260-2265.
[193]van der Esch M, Steultjens M, Harlaar J, et al. Joint proprioception, muscle strength, and functional ability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum,2007,57(5): 787-793.
[194]Lephart SM, Pincivero DM, Rozzi SL. Prorioception of the ankle and knee[J]. Sports Med, 1998,25(4):149-155.
[195]周斌.运动疗法在膝骨性关节炎治疗中的应用,中国中医骨伤科杂志,2009,17(4)：36-38.
[196]庞丹丹.太极拳运动对中老年人静态平衡能力影响的实验研究.上海体育学院硕士学位论文,2011年.
[197]King et al. J-Gerontol,1994,49(6):258-63.
[198]木村.睁眼、闭眼单脚站立能力与老年者的平衡机能[J].日本体育科学,1996,24.
[199]Laura AW, Darryl GT,Albert BS, et al. Age and gender diffeerence in peak lower extremity joint torques and ranges of motion used during single-step balance recovery from a forward fall[J]. Biomech.2001,34:67-73.
[200]ZhangJG, Kazuko IT, Yamazaki H, et al. The effeets of TaiChiChuan on Physiological function and fear of falling in the less robust elderly:An intervention study for preventing falls[J]. Arch Geront Geriatr.2006,42:107-1161
[201]Hassan BS, Mockett S, Doherty M. Static postural sway, proprioception, and maximal voluntary quadriceps contraction in patients with knee osteoarthritis and normal control subjects[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2001,60(6):612-618.
[202]Hinman RS, Bennell KL, Metcalf BR, et al. Balance impairments in individuals with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis:a comparison with matched controls using clinical tests [J]. Rheumatology,2002,41(12):1388-1394.
[203]金昌龙,班玉生.太极拳的练习对中老年人静态平衡能力的影响[J].上海体育学院学报,2005,29(1)：44-48.
[204]陈敏雄,王恬,陈佩杰.健身锻炼对老年妇女身体素质和健康能力的影响[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4)：162.
[205]张铁明,谭延敏.秧歌与太极拳对中老年女性健身作用的比较[J].中国临床康复,2006,10(36)：76-78.
[206]姚远,杨树东.太极拳锻炼对老年人下肢肌力影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(1)：75-77.
[207]Wolf S L, Sattin R W, Kutne R M, et al. Intense tai chi exercise training and fall occurrences in older, transitionally frail adults:A randomized, controlled trial [J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2003,51 (12):1693-1701
[208]Stalenhoef P.A, Diederiks J.P.M.,Knottnerus J.A., et al. A risk model for the Prediction of recurrent falls in community-dwelling elderly:A prospective cohort study[J] Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2002,55:1088-1094.
[209]Marika Salminen, Tero Vahlberg, Sanna Sihvonen, et al. Effects of risk-based multifactorial fall prevention on postural balance in the community-dwelling aged:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2009,48:22-27.
[210]Paul Gerdhem, Karin AM, Kristina AK, et al. Clinical history and biologic age predicted falls better than objective functional tests[J]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2005,58:226-232.
[211]Campbell AJ, Robertson MC. Rethinking individual and community fall prevention strategies:a meta-regression comparing single and multifactorial interventions[J].Age and Ageing.2007,36:656-662.