TD-SCDMA直放站数字中频模块的研究和设计
摘要
随着信息技术的快速发展,小数据量的通信能力已经不能满足人们丰富的业务需求,窄带数字系统正逐步向第三代宽带数字移动通信发展。TD-SCDMA是国际电信联盟ITU正式发布的第三代移动通信空中接口技术规范之一,是我国拥有自主知识产权的3G国际标准。目前,TD-SCDMA已经发展成为一个具有国际竞争力的产业,目前我国也正在大力推动TD-SCDMA产业的发展。
直放站将是TD-SCDMA移动通信网络的重要组成部分,直放站的应用不仅可以增加TD-SCDMA网络覆盖,使施主基站的覆盖得到延伸,也能增加空闲基站的话务负荷,或是分摊繁忙基站的话务量,还可以起到优化网络等作用。直放站可以灵活地安装在地铁,商场等信号盲区和边远地区,在TD-SCDMA网络建设中引入直放站,采取以基站为主、直放站做适当补充的混合组网方式是很有意义的。
TD-SCDMA直放站设备受时分双工(TDD)的影响,需要研究相应的通信标准。数据通过无线帧传输,帧划分为不同的时隙,上下行的数据通过时隙传输,上下行的时隙可以灵活分配,因此对于TD-SCDMA直放站,首先需要确定上下行时隙的切换点,然后分别对上下行信号进行射频功率放大。要确定上下行时隙的切换点,需要将射频信号转化为基带信号进行处理。受技术水平限制,直接对射频信号采样处理还有一定难度,本设计采用数字化中频技术,将射频信号转化到中频模拟信号,然后再对其进行中频采样和数字下变频,输出基带IQ信号,本文主要介绍了TD-SCDMA数字中频模块的设计。
本文首先对TD-SCDMA直放站的研究背景意义、TD-SCDMA移动通信标准和物理层结构以及数字中频技术理论做了介绍,然后提出了TD-SCDMA无线直放站设计结构,研究了基于TD—SCDMA直放站的数字中频模块的实现方法,在QuartusⅡ环境下,对数字下变频器作了设计和仿真,最后对基于专用下变频器AD6654的同步丌关控制模块的结构作了设计。
Along with fast development of information technical, the communicate ability of small quantity has already can't satisfied the business requirement of people .The narrow band digital communication system is developing gradually to the wideband third generation mobile communication system. TD-SCDMA is one of air interface technical criterion of the third generation mobile communication system released by ITU, first brought forward by China. Now, the TD-SCDMA industry has already had the international competition ability, our country is also pushing the development of the TD-SCDMA industry strongly.
TD-SCDMA repeater will be an important part of the mobile communication system.Not only increase the network covery ability, extend the base station, it also increase the telephone traffic load of the idle base station and optimize the net work. Repeater can be flexible placed in the signal blind area like underground and emporium. Adopt base station as principle, repeater as makeup is very meaningful. Because of the influence of the TDD, TD-SCDMA repeater needs to study relevant correspondence standard. Date transmit by wireless frame ,the frame is divised to different time slot,up-line and down line time slot can be flexible distributed. So , for TD-SCDMA repeater,first need find the switching point of the up-line and down line time slot, then amplify the up-line and down line signal power respectively. To find the switching point of the up-line and down line time slot, need to transform the RF signal to base band. Directly RF sample is difficult now, this system use Digital Intermediate Frequency technology,change the RF signal to IF signal,,then do IF sampling and DDC process,output the I/Q signal . In this paper, attention is concentrated on the Digital Intermediate Frequency module.
This paper first introduce the research background and significance of TD-SCDMA repeater、TD-SCDMA mobile communication standard and physical layer configuration、digital intermediate frequency technology. Then analyze the system design of TD-SCDMA wireless repeater and research the design method of the Digital Intermediate Frequency module based on the TD-SCDMA wireless repeater. Design and emulate the DDC module in the environment of Quartus II. In the last, design the configuration of synchronization switch control module of the repeater based on the AD6654.
直放站将是TD-SCDMA移动通信网络的重要组成部分,直放站的应用不仅可以增加TD-SCDMA网络覆盖,使施主基站的覆盖得到延伸,也能增加空闲基站的话务负荷,或是分摊繁忙基站的话务量,还可以起到优化网络等作用。直放站可以灵活地安装在地铁,商场等信号盲区和边远地区,在TD-SCDMA网络建设中引入直放站,采取以基站为主、直放站做适当补充的混合组网方式是很有意义的。
TD-SCDMA直放站设备受时分双工(TDD)的影响,需要研究相应的通信标准。数据通过无线帧传输,帧划分为不同的时隙,上下行的数据通过时隙传输,上下行的时隙可以灵活分配,因此对于TD-SCDMA直放站,首先需要确定上下行时隙的切换点,然后分别对上下行信号进行射频功率放大。要确定上下行时隙的切换点,需要将射频信号转化为基带信号进行处理。受技术水平限制,直接对射频信号采样处理还有一定难度,本设计采用数字化中频技术,将射频信号转化到中频模拟信号,然后再对其进行中频采样和数字下变频,输出基带IQ信号,本文主要介绍了TD-SCDMA数字中频模块的设计。
本文首先对TD-SCDMA直放站的研究背景意义、TD-SCDMA移动通信标准和物理层结构以及数字中频技术理论做了介绍,然后提出了TD-SCDMA无线直放站设计结构,研究了基于TD—SCDMA直放站的数字中频模块的实现方法,在QuartusⅡ环境下,对数字下变频器作了设计和仿真,最后对基于专用下变频器AD6654的同步丌关控制模块的结构作了设计。
Along with fast development of information technical, the communicate ability of small quantity has already can't satisfied the business requirement of people .The narrow band digital communication system is developing gradually to the wideband third generation mobile communication system. TD-SCDMA is one of air interface technical criterion of the third generation mobile communication system released by ITU, first brought forward by China. Now, the TD-SCDMA industry has already had the international competition ability, our country is also pushing the development of the TD-SCDMA industry strongly.
TD-SCDMA repeater will be an important part of the mobile communication system.Not only increase the network covery ability, extend the base station, it also increase the telephone traffic load of the idle base station and optimize the net work. Repeater can be flexible placed in the signal blind area like underground and emporium. Adopt base station as principle, repeater as makeup is very meaningful. Because of the influence of the TDD, TD-SCDMA repeater needs to study relevant correspondence standard. Date transmit by wireless frame ,the frame is divised to different time slot,up-line and down line time slot can be flexible distributed. So , for TD-SCDMA repeater,first need find the switching point of the up-line and down line time slot, then amplify the up-line and down line signal power respectively. To find the switching point of the up-line and down line time slot, need to transform the RF signal to base band. Directly RF sample is difficult now, this system use Digital Intermediate Frequency technology,change the RF signal to IF signal,,then do IF sampling and DDC process,output the I/Q signal . In this paper, attention is concentrated on the Digital Intermediate Frequency module.
This paper first introduce the research background and significance of TD-SCDMA repeater、TD-SCDMA mobile communication standard and physical layer configuration、digital intermediate frequency technology. Then analyze the system design of TD-SCDMA wireless repeater and research the design method of the Digital Intermediate Frequency module based on the TD-SCDMA wireless repeater. Design and emulate the DDC module in the environment of Quartus II. In the last, design the configuration of synchronization switch control module of the repeater based on the AD6654.
引文
[1]周双阳.关于TD-SCDMA直放站具体应用的探讨.移动通信,2006(8):72-74
[2]李小文,李贵勇,陈贤亮.TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统、信令及实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[3]王可.TD-SCDMA的优势分析[J].现代传输,2006(1)
[4]TD-SCDMA技术优势与演进策略[EB/OL].http://www.cctime.com/html/2007-10-4/200710415682418.htm
[5]Mitola J.The software radio architecture[J].IEEE Commun Mag,1995,33(5)
[6]吕幼新,雷霆,郑立岗.一种基于软件无线电技术的中频数字接收机的实现信号处理,2001,12:494-497
[7]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张勇.软件无线电中频数字化技术研究与实现[D].电子科技大学硕士论文,2003
[9]丁玉美、高西全.数字信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2001
[10]谢显中.TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[11]Via Monfalcone,Grillparzer Str.A low complexity algorithm for frame synchronization in TDD-LCR system[Z].PIMRC,2002.
[12]高耀顺.基于统计分析之TD-SCDMA讯框同步之结构[D].国立台湾科技大学,2005
[13]刘建全,杨春,余江.WCDMA直放站的应用分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2006(4):493-496
[14]吴泽民.3G数字直放站的研究与设计[J].移动通信,2005,29(7):74-76
[15]任妹婕,吴泽民,都明.3G数字直放站传输接口标准的分析.现代电子技术,2005(23):7-13
[16]徐典伟.基于AD6620的中频数字接收系统的设计与研究[D].电子科技大学学位论文,2005
[17]张庆民.高速中频采样和数字下变频的研究[D].中国科学技术大学博士论文,2000
[18]曲晶,王京.软件无线电在TD-SCDMA接收机中的应用[J]。电子技术,2005(6):61-56
[19]Walt Kester.High Speed Sampling and High Speed ADCs.ADI,Inc
[20]任小东.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[21]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999
[22]王旭东,潘广桢.MATLAB及其在FPGA中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[23]林可样,汪一飞.伪随机码的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1978
[24]赵静,张瑾,高新科.基于MATLAB的通信系统仿真[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[25]谢文惠.基于FPGA的数字下变频技术的研究[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2007
[26]徐以涛,沈良.FPGA技术在软件无线电中的应用[J].电信科学,2001(2):36-39
[27]江健康.基于Verilog HDL的FIR数字滤波器设计与仿真[J].微计算机信息,2007
[28]David B.Chester,Digital IF filter technology for 3G systems:an in troduction.IEEE Comm.Mag.1999:37(2)
[29]宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[30]申东、罗进文.数字下变频器中多级抽取滤波器的设计与实现[J].兰州交通大学学报,2004(4)
[31]樊昌信,詹道庸.通信原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995.10
[32]14-Bit,92.16 MSPS,4-/6-Channel Wideband IF to Baseband Receiver AD6654DataSheet[Z].Analog Devices Corporation.2005
[33]Low Distortion Differential RF/IF Amplifier AD8351 DataSheet[Z].Analog Devices Corporation.2004
[34]张冠百.锁相与频率合成[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1995:123-13
[35]Three-PLL Serial-Programmable Flash-Programmable Clock Generator CY22393DataSheet[Z].Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.2004
[36]张毅刚,彭喜源,谭晓昀.单片机应用设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003
[37]易志明,林凌,李刚,郝丽宏.SPI总线在51系列单片机系统中的实现[EB/OL].http://www.21ic.com/news/html/64/show738.htm,2004-12-5
[38]I2C总线原理应用实例[EB/OL].http://www.mcufan.com/xinshou/mcu-iic.htm
[39]王君立,壮凌檀,慧明.字符型液晶显示模块AD44780与单片机的接口及编程[J].国外电子元器件,2002(9):27-29
[2]李小文,李贵勇,陈贤亮.TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统、信令及实现[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003
[3]王可.TD-SCDMA的优势分析[J].现代传输,2006(1)
[4]TD-SCDMA技术优势与演进策略[EB/OL].http://www.cctime.com/html/2007-10-4/200710415682418.htm
[5]Mitola J.The software radio architecture[J].IEEE Commun Mag,1995,33(5)
[6]吕幼新,雷霆,郑立岗.一种基于软件无线电技术的中频数字接收机的实现信号处理,2001,12:494-497
[7]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良.软件无线电原理及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[8]张勇.软件无线电中频数字化技术研究与实现[D].电子科技大学硕士论文,2003
[9]丁玉美、高西全.数字信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2001
[10]谢显中.TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[11]Via Monfalcone,Grillparzer Str.A low complexity algorithm for frame synchronization in TDD-LCR system[Z].PIMRC,2002.
[12]高耀顺.基于统计分析之TD-SCDMA讯框同步之结构[D].国立台湾科技大学,2005
[13]刘建全,杨春,余江.WCDMA直放站的应用分析[J].成都信息工程学院学报,2006(4):493-496
[14]吴泽民.3G数字直放站的研究与设计[J].移动通信,2005,29(7):74-76
[15]任妹婕,吴泽民,都明.3G数字直放站传输接口标准的分析.现代电子技术,2005(23):7-13
[16]徐典伟.基于AD6620的中频数字接收系统的设计与研究[D].电子科技大学学位论文,2005
[17]张庆民.高速中频采样和数字下变频的研究[D].中国科学技术大学博士论文,2000
[18]曲晶,王京.软件无线电在TD-SCDMA接收机中的应用[J]。电子技术,2005(6):61-56
[19]Walt Kester.High Speed Sampling and High Speed ADCs.ADI,Inc
[20]任小东.CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[21]侯伯亨,顾新.VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999
[22]王旭东,潘广桢.MATLAB及其在FPGA中的应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[23]林可样,汪一飞.伪随机码的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1978
[24]赵静,张瑾,高新科.基于MATLAB的通信系统仿真[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[25]谢文惠.基于FPGA的数字下变频技术的研究[D].成都理工大学硕士论文,2007
[26]徐以涛,沈良.FPGA技术在软件无线电中的应用[J].电信科学,2001(2):36-39
[27]江健康.基于Verilog HDL的FIR数字滤波器设计与仿真[J].微计算机信息,2007
[28]David B.Chester,Digital IF filter technology for 3G systems:an in troduction.IEEE Comm.Mag.1999:37(2)
[29]宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[30]申东、罗进文.数字下变频器中多级抽取滤波器的设计与实现[J].兰州交通大学学报,2004(4)
[31]樊昌信,詹道庸.通信原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995.10
[32]14-Bit,92.16 MSPS,4-/6-Channel Wideband IF to Baseband Receiver AD6654DataSheet[Z].Analog Devices Corporation.2005
[33]Low Distortion Differential RF/IF Amplifier AD8351 DataSheet[Z].Analog Devices Corporation.2004
[34]张冠百.锁相与频率合成[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1995:123-13
[35]Three-PLL Serial-Programmable Flash-Programmable Clock Generator CY22393DataSheet[Z].Cypress Semiconductor Corporation.2004
[36]张毅刚,彭喜源,谭晓昀.单片机应用设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003
[37]易志明,林凌,李刚,郝丽宏.SPI总线在51系列单片机系统中的实现[EB/OL].http://www.21ic.com/news/html/64/show738.htm,2004-12-5
[38]I2C总线原理应用实例[EB/OL].http://www.mcufan.com/xinshou/mcu-iic.htm
[39]王君立,壮凌檀,慧明.字符型液晶显示模块AD44780与单片机的接口及编程[J].国外电子元器件,2002(9):27-29