一种DMB-T单频网适配器的设计与实现
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摘要
随着信息时代的到来,数字电视系统必将取代模拟电视系统,因此单频网数字电视地面广播成为了当前的研究热点。而实现单频网的关键就是解决多个发射机发射同步的问题。本文所研究的DMB-T单频网适配器,就是实现DMB-T单频网同步的关键设备之一。
该设备通过在原有的传输流中插入附带时间信息的兆帧初始化包,使得网内各中继发射站根据接收到的时间信息,推算出发射时间,从而实现各发射台发射同步。此外,它还能设置传输流的传输控制方式,并将这些控制信息写入到兆帧初始化包中传输出去。
本文根据单频网适配器要实现的基本功能,提出了一种基于FPGA和单片机的DMB-T单频网适配器的整体设计方案,并将该系统分为控制板和处理板两部分进行处理。通过对各部分器件的选型和电路原理图的设计,实现了系统硬件平台的构建,并在硬件设计的基础上提出了一种DMB-T单频网适配器的软件设计方案。
在实现过程中,该设计的难点在于如何实现ASI/SPI流之间的转换,控制板和处理板之间的通信,初始化兆帧包的构建与插入,码流同步,以及对输出码流的速率调整。本文就这些难点提出了一系列的解决方案,完成了功能划分和各子模块的设计,提高了代码的可重用性,降低了二次开发和升级的成本。文中还提出了一种新的PCR校正算法,这种算法通过TS流本身来传递PCR减法差值,避免了重复查找和定位PCR,既节省了FIFO所要占用的逻辑资源,又避免了在减法差值存储过程中对FIFO的读写控制,且时序控制相对简单,同时还简化了程序。
经在线仿真验证,该设计达到了DMB-T单频网适配器的功能要求。完成整机后,对整机进行了实际的调试,通过使用专用的码流分析仪观察调试结果,并对结果进行分析,证明了该设计的可行性和可靠性,且达到了预期的技术指标。最后,本文对所做的研究进行了总结,提出了一些设计上有待改进的方案。
With the advent of information age, the Analog TV system is destined to be replaced by the Digital TV system and hence Single Frequency Network (SFN) implementation of digital television terrestrial broadcasting becomes a hot topic of research. The key of SFN implementation resides in resolving the transmission synchronization problem of different broadcasters. This paper presents studies of a SFN Adapter based on the DMB-T standard, which is a key equipment to achieve the synchronization in DMB-T Single Frequency Network.
A major function of the equipment is to insert Mega-frame Initialization Packet (MIP) into the transport stream so that each relay station can calculate the synchronized broadcasting schedule according to the time information included in the MIP. Moreover, it can set the traffic control parameters and broadcasts these control information with the MIP.
An integral design of DMB-T SFN Adapter based on a FPGA and a single-chip is presented in this thesis. The whole system is divided to two parts according to their functions: the control panel and the processing board. A practical hardware platform design is accomplished through careful selection of various components and circuit schematic diagram design of each part. Based on the hardware design, a DMB-T SFN adapter software implementation is then presented.
In the actual development process, problems focus on how to achieve conversion of ASI / SPI flow, how to handle communications between control panel and processing board, and how to realize construction and insertion of MIP, synchronization of stream, as well as adjustment of code flow rate. In this thesis, a series of solutions are proposed for these difficulties and the whole design is accomplished via functional modules, which improves the reusable merit of code and reduces the secondary development and upgrading costs. The paper also proposes a new PCR correction algorithm, which delivers the PCR difference through transport stream to avoid repeating search and positioning of PCR. The proposed method not only saves FIFO logic resources, but also avoids repeating read and write control of FIFO in storage of subtraction values. Moreover, the schedule control is relatively simple and the program is simplified.
Online simulation results show that the design achieves the functional requirements of DMB-T SFN adapter. With the completion of practical equipment, this paper also presents the debugging results obtained from a special stream analyzer. Analyses of the observation results prove the feasibility and reliability of the design and demonstrate the achievement of expected technical indicators. Finally, this paper summarizes the contribution of the research and gives an outlook on future improvements on this design.
该设备通过在原有的传输流中插入附带时间信息的兆帧初始化包,使得网内各中继发射站根据接收到的时间信息,推算出发射时间,从而实现各发射台发射同步。此外,它还能设置传输流的传输控制方式,并将这些控制信息写入到兆帧初始化包中传输出去。
本文根据单频网适配器要实现的基本功能,提出了一种基于FPGA和单片机的DMB-T单频网适配器的整体设计方案,并将该系统分为控制板和处理板两部分进行处理。通过对各部分器件的选型和电路原理图的设计,实现了系统硬件平台的构建,并在硬件设计的基础上提出了一种DMB-T单频网适配器的软件设计方案。
在实现过程中,该设计的难点在于如何实现ASI/SPI流之间的转换,控制板和处理板之间的通信,初始化兆帧包的构建与插入,码流同步,以及对输出码流的速率调整。本文就这些难点提出了一系列的解决方案,完成了功能划分和各子模块的设计,提高了代码的可重用性,降低了二次开发和升级的成本。文中还提出了一种新的PCR校正算法,这种算法通过TS流本身来传递PCR减法差值,避免了重复查找和定位PCR,既节省了FIFO所要占用的逻辑资源,又避免了在减法差值存储过程中对FIFO的读写控制,且时序控制相对简单,同时还简化了程序。
经在线仿真验证,该设计达到了DMB-T单频网适配器的功能要求。完成整机后,对整机进行了实际的调试,通过使用专用的码流分析仪观察调试结果,并对结果进行分析,证明了该设计的可行性和可靠性,且达到了预期的技术指标。最后,本文对所做的研究进行了总结,提出了一些设计上有待改进的方案。
With the advent of information age, the Analog TV system is destined to be replaced by the Digital TV system and hence Single Frequency Network (SFN) implementation of digital television terrestrial broadcasting becomes a hot topic of research. The key of SFN implementation resides in resolving the transmission synchronization problem of different broadcasters. This paper presents studies of a SFN Adapter based on the DMB-T standard, which is a key equipment to achieve the synchronization in DMB-T Single Frequency Network.
A major function of the equipment is to insert Mega-frame Initialization Packet (MIP) into the transport stream so that each relay station can calculate the synchronized broadcasting schedule according to the time information included in the MIP. Moreover, it can set the traffic control parameters and broadcasts these control information with the MIP.
An integral design of DMB-T SFN Adapter based on a FPGA and a single-chip is presented in this thesis. The whole system is divided to two parts according to their functions: the control panel and the processing board. A practical hardware platform design is accomplished through careful selection of various components and circuit schematic diagram design of each part. Based on the hardware design, a DMB-T SFN adapter software implementation is then presented.
In the actual development process, problems focus on how to achieve conversion of ASI / SPI flow, how to handle communications between control panel and processing board, and how to realize construction and insertion of MIP, synchronization of stream, as well as adjustment of code flow rate. In this thesis, a series of solutions are proposed for these difficulties and the whole design is accomplished via functional modules, which improves the reusable merit of code and reduces the secondary development and upgrading costs. The paper also proposes a new PCR correction algorithm, which delivers the PCR difference through transport stream to avoid repeating search and positioning of PCR. The proposed method not only saves FIFO logic resources, but also avoids repeating read and write control of FIFO in storage of subtraction values. Moreover, the schedule control is relatively simple and the program is simplified.
Online simulation results show that the design achieves the functional requirements of DMB-T SFN adapter. With the completion of practical equipment, this paper also presents the debugging results obtained from a special stream analyzer. Analyses of the observation results prove the feasibility and reliability of the design and demonstrate the achievement of expected technical indicators. Finally, this paper summarizes the contribution of the research and gives an outlook on future improvements on this design.
引文
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11]孙丰军,余春暄.SPI串行总线接口的Verilog实现.现代电子技术.2005,(16)
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23]Megnus Eriksson.Dynamic Single Frequency networks.IEEE Journal on selected areas in communication,vol.19,Oct.2001
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26]王娟.数字电视信源解码中系统和控制的研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2005
27]马宇鹏.基于FPGA的DVB-T单频网时间同步系统的设计[D].电子科技大学,2006
28]徐俭.DMB-TH地面数字电视广播技术浅析.广播电视信息(下半月刊),2007,(02)
29]郑志献,叶梧,冯锡增,冯穗力.DMB广播系统前端组成及分析.广播与电视技术,2005,(11)
30]陈立,方向忠,余松煜.在TS流中插入DVB服务信息表的实现.红外与激光工程,2003,(06)
31]ISO/IEC 13818-1.Framing Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio:Systems.1994
32]Pablo Angueira,Manuel M Velez.DTV(COFDM)SFN Signal Variation Field Tests in Urban Environments for Portable Outdoor Reception.IEEE Trans on broadcasting,vol.49,Mar.2003
33]Long Long,Zhisheng Niu;,Binjie Zhu.A Hybrid DMB-T and WLAN Network for Broadband Wireless Access Services.Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,Mar.2007
34]Jintao Wang,Zhixing Yang,Changyong Pan.An efficient space-frequency transmitter diversity scheme for DMB-T system.Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,vol.2,Sept.2005
35]Mingzhu Liu,Xinyuan Yang,Qi Yu.Optimum Technique for PAPR Reduction in Digital Multimedia Broadcasting System.Signal Processing,The 8th International Conference,vol.3,2006
36]姜秀华.数字电视原理与应用.人民邮电出版社,2003
37]谭朝晔,付龙.数字时代的交互电视.中国轻工业出版社,2007
38]靳桅,潘育山,邬芝权.单片机原理及应用—C51编程技术.西南交通大学出版社,2004
39]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京航天航空大学出版社,2003
40]冯传岗.国内外地面数字电视传输标准浅析(下).有线电视技术.2005,(10)
41]冯标彪.单频网适配器的研究与开发[D].浙江大学,2006
42]石林艳,罗汉文.CRC循环冗余校验码并行算法的FPGA实现.有线电视技术.2005,(08)
43]曹炜,陈伟,孔祥伦.AIS接收机模块的构成与实现[A].中国航海学会通信导航专业委员会2006年学术年会论文集[C],2006
44]Jintao Wang,Zhixing Yang,Changyong Pan.A new implementation of single frequency network based on DMB:T.Communications,Circuits and Systems,2004.vol.1,June.2004
45]Jiantao Wang,Jian Song,Jun Wang,Changyong Pan,Zhixing Yang,Lin Yang.A general SFN structure with transmit diversity for TDS-OFDM system.Broadcasting IEEE Transactions,vol.52,June.2006
46]裴建杰.DVB-T单频网同步原理分析.中国有线电视.2005,(11)
47]程小平.DVB-T地面移动数字电视单频网.西部广播电视,2006,(02)
48]强勇,翟梦群,尉晓峰.地面移动数字电视系统设计.中国有线电视,2007,(Z1)
49]彭丹丹,邹志永,王匡.数字电视地面传输标准ISDB-T系统传输方案.中国有线电视,2004,(02)
50]Arthur Rangel,Iano Yuzo,R.M.Silvio,F.Roger.Expansion Planning of the Digital TV Broadcasting Service in Brazil using SFN.Latin America Transactions,IEEE.vol.5,Dec.2007
51]邢峰林,惠新标,戚丹青,陈雷民,黄锡鹏.MPEG-2节目流到数字电视传输流的转换系统.上海大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(03)
52]江灏,陈晓光,王世一,邹元祥.上海地区的DVB-T单频网设计.电视技术,2004,(05)
53]熊伟,王军,彭克武,潘长勇.基于Nios Ⅱ的DTMB单频网适配器设计.电视技术,2007,(08)
54]ETSI TS 102 428:Digital Audio Broadcasting(DAB);DMB video service;User Application Specification.2005,6
55]清华大学.DMB-T地面数字传播方案白皮书(第三版).2004:17
[2]廖洪涛,徐征.数字电视业务支撑系统.电子工业出版社,2007:8
[3]卢官明,宗昉.数字电视原理.机械工业出版社,2004:167
[4]房海东,杨知行,潘长勇.DMB-T单频网的应用方案.电视技术.2004,(05):20
[5]肖文才,马宇鹏,樊丰.一种基于FPGA的单频网同步系统的设计与实现.电视技术.2006,(02):21,22
[6]金明.数字电视原理与应用.东南大学出版社,2005
[7]J.C.惠特克,K.B.本森.数字电视技术工程手册.陈晓春,周祖成,杨平.第4版.科学出版社,2005
[8]魏志刚,徐重阳,李惠德.基于ASI接口的DVB传输流发送系统.电视广播与传输.2002,(08)
[9]刘永志,王芙蓉,黄本雄.使用CY78933实现DVB-ASI接收系统的解码.电信科学.2001,(04)
10]杨承富,徐志军.SPI总线接口的FPGA设计与实现.军事通信技术.2004,(06)
11]孙丰军,余春暄.SPI串行总线接口的Verilog实现.现代电子技术.2005,(16)
12]易志明,林凌,郝丽宏,李树靖.SPI串行总线接口及其实现.自动化与仪器仪表.2002,(06)
13]易湖,赵照.DVB传输流PCR抖动检测的FPGA实现.中国有线电视.2005,(17)
14]Yiyan Wu,Shuji Hirakawa,Ulrich Reimers.Overview of Digital Television Development Worldwide.Proceeding of the IEEE,vol.94,Jan.2006
15]Jintao Wang,Zhixing Yang,Changyong Pan.A new implementation frequency network based on DMB-T.International Conference on Communication,Circuits and Systems,vol.1,Jun.2004
16]郭巍.数字电视传输中PSI/SI信息构成和作用.中国有线电视.2005,(04)
17]马宇鹏,樊丰.DVB-T单频网中同步的实现.电视技术.2005,(10)
18]庄谦,杨知行,潘长勇,韩猛.单频网及其在DTrB中的应用.电视技术.2003,(10)
19]葛芷斌,贺若,李兵兵.FPGA实现MPEG-2传输流的PCR校正.今日电子.2003,(10)
20]宋靖涛,肖舟,张明,王匡.单频网适配器的设计与实现.中国有线电视.2006,(Z1).
21]王力.基于GPS的DVB-T单频网同步原理.广播电视信息,2006,(11)
22]European Telecommunication Standard Institute.Digital Video Broadcasting;Framing structure,channel coding and modulation for digital Terrestrial television.ETSI document,Final Draft pr ETS 300 744,Nov.1996
23]Megnus Eriksson.Dynamic Single Frequency networks.IEEE Journal on selected areas in communication,vol.19,Oct.2001
24]高风吉.澳大利亚实现单频网的方案.广播与电视技术,2003,(09)
25]车驾雄,何竞鸣.数字单频网(SFN)规划的理论分析.广播电视信息(下半月刊),2007,(01)
26]王娟.数字电视信源解码中系统和控制的研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2005
27]马宇鹏.基于FPGA的DVB-T单频网时间同步系统的设计[D].电子科技大学,2006
28]徐俭.DMB-TH地面数字电视广播技术浅析.广播电视信息(下半月刊),2007,(02)
29]郑志献,叶梧,冯锡增,冯穗力.DMB广播系统前端组成及分析.广播与电视技术,2005,(11)
30]陈立,方向忠,余松煜.在TS流中插入DVB服务信息表的实现.红外与激光工程,2003,(06)
31]ISO/IEC 13818-1.Framing Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio:Systems.1994
32]Pablo Angueira,Manuel M Velez.DTV(COFDM)SFN Signal Variation Field Tests in Urban Environments for Portable Outdoor Reception.IEEE Trans on broadcasting,vol.49,Mar.2003
33]Long Long,Zhisheng Niu;,Binjie Zhu.A Hybrid DMB-T and WLAN Network for Broadband Wireless Access Services.Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,Mar.2007
34]Jintao Wang,Zhixing Yang,Changyong Pan.An efficient space-frequency transmitter diversity scheme for DMB-T system.Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,vol.2,Sept.2005
35]Mingzhu Liu,Xinyuan Yang,Qi Yu.Optimum Technique for PAPR Reduction in Digital Multimedia Broadcasting System.Signal Processing,The 8th International Conference,vol.3,2006
36]姜秀华.数字电视原理与应用.人民邮电出版社,2003
37]谭朝晔,付龙.数字时代的交互电视.中国轻工业出版社,2007
38]靳桅,潘育山,邬芝权.单片机原理及应用—C51编程技术.西南交通大学出版社,2004
39]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京航天航空大学出版社,2003
40]冯传岗.国内外地面数字电视传输标准浅析(下).有线电视技术.2005,(10)
41]冯标彪.单频网适配器的研究与开发[D].浙江大学,2006
42]石林艳,罗汉文.CRC循环冗余校验码并行算法的FPGA实现.有线电视技术.2005,(08)
43]曹炜,陈伟,孔祥伦.AIS接收机模块的构成与实现[A].中国航海学会通信导航专业委员会2006年学术年会论文集[C],2006
44]Jintao Wang,Zhixing Yang,Changyong Pan.A new implementation of single frequency network based on DMB:T.Communications,Circuits and Systems,2004.vol.1,June.2004
45]Jiantao Wang,Jian Song,Jun Wang,Changyong Pan,Zhixing Yang,Lin Yang.A general SFN structure with transmit diversity for TDS-OFDM system.Broadcasting IEEE Transactions,vol.52,June.2006
46]裴建杰.DVB-T单频网同步原理分析.中国有线电视.2005,(11)
47]程小平.DVB-T地面移动数字电视单频网.西部广播电视,2006,(02)
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