直线槽动压式密封的三维数值模拟
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摘要
直线槽动压密封具有可靠性好,寿命长,环保,经济等优点,在核电和航天航空等领域的已经得到应用。目前关于直线槽密封的研究很少。而且,几乎没有文献报道对直线槽液膜内流场分析及密封环的位移变化和应力分布。本论文的目的就是通过建立三维直线槽密封的数学模型,对密封进行数值模拟,从而为进一步的研究奠定基础。
本文着重从流体力学控制方程出发,基于有限体积法,采用FLUENT软件对直线槽密封液膜的流场进行模拟,得到了液膜的流场,并对密封特性做了理论分析。本文使用有限元软件ANSYS,对密封环的变形和应力进行了研究,验证了周向波度理论和径向锥度理论在此种直线槽上的正确性。
总之,本文通过对直线槽动压密封特性的研究,讨论了直线槽密封几何参数和工作参数对密封性能的影响,为直线槽密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,还为以后的动态、力变形和热变形等研究打下了理论基础。
The line groove dynamic pressure seals have the merits of reliability,long life, no pollution and economical characteristic, so they are more widely used in the nuclear power and aerospace industry. Recently there are less of investigations about them. Furthermore, there are few papers reporting the flow field of the liquid film, displacement change and stress distribution of the sealing rings. By three-dimensional physical model of the the line groove dynamic pressure seals, which is agreed with the actual physical model, this paper carries out the numerical simulation of the line groove dynamic pressure seals and makes ready for the further research.
The important task of this paper is on the basis of computational fluid dynamics, from the full governing equations of the fluid mechanism, founded on the finite volume method (FVM), used the software FLUENTto simulate the flow field of the line groove dynamic pressure seals, and to have theoretical analysis with sealing characteristics. This paper used the finite element software ANSYS, has the further researching of stress and deformation of the seal rings, verify the validity of circular waviness and radial taper of the line groove pressure seals.
In a word, by deeply studying the performances of the line groove dynamic pressure seals, this dissertation offers theoretical support for the engineering design and application. And a theoretical basis is made for the further study such as dynamic stability, mechanical and thermal deformations.
本文着重从流体力学控制方程出发,基于有限体积法,采用FLUENT软件对直线槽密封液膜的流场进行模拟,得到了液膜的流场,并对密封特性做了理论分析。本文使用有限元软件ANSYS,对密封环的变形和应力进行了研究,验证了周向波度理论和径向锥度理论在此种直线槽上的正确性。
总之,本文通过对直线槽动压密封特性的研究,讨论了直线槽密封几何参数和工作参数对密封性能的影响,为直线槽密封的工程设计及应用提供理论支持,还为以后的动态、力变形和热变形等研究打下了理论基础。
The line groove dynamic pressure seals have the merits of reliability,long life, no pollution and economical characteristic, so they are more widely used in the nuclear power and aerospace industry. Recently there are less of investigations about them. Furthermore, there are few papers reporting the flow field of the liquid film, displacement change and stress distribution of the sealing rings. By three-dimensional physical model of the the line groove dynamic pressure seals, which is agreed with the actual physical model, this paper carries out the numerical simulation of the line groove dynamic pressure seals and makes ready for the further research.
The important task of this paper is on the basis of computational fluid dynamics, from the full governing equations of the fluid mechanism, founded on the finite volume method (FVM), used the software FLUENTto simulate the flow field of the line groove dynamic pressure seals, and to have theoretical analysis with sealing characteristics. This paper used the finite element software ANSYS, has the further researching of stress and deformation of the seal rings, verify the validity of circular waviness and radial taper of the line groove pressure seals.
In a word, by deeply studying the performances of the line groove dynamic pressure seals, this dissertation offers theoretical support for the engineering design and application. And a theoretical basis is made for the further study such as dynamic stability, mechanical and thermal deformations.
引文
[1]Mayer E.机械密封[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1981.15-18
[2]魏龙,顾伯勤,孙见君.机械密封端面摩擦工况研究发展[J].润滑与密封,2003,(5):29-33.
[3]Lebeck A O.Principles and Design of Mechanical FaceSeals[J].TJ246.1991.
[4]Summers-smith etc.The Mechanism ofFilm Generation in Mechanical Face Seals [J].Tribology International,Aug,1982.227.231
[5]戈建志,李克永.机械密封润滑状态及摩擦扭矩的研究[J].流体工程,1993,21(1):1.5.
[6]葛培琪.考虑粗糙度和径向锥度的密封混合摩擦的计算模型[J].润滑与密封,2001,(5):39.40.
[7]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2001.
[8]I.ebeck A O,Face Seal Waviness,Prediction,Measure,ments,Causes,Efects[A].1Oth Int Conf on FluidSealing[C],April,1984.
[9]Eion.Performance of End-face Seals with Diametral Tilt and Couiug-hydrostafic FAtecm[J].Jul,1981D.279-288.
[10]Etsion.Dynamic Analysis of Non-contacting Face Seals]J].Lubrication Technology,1982,194(2):460-468.
[11]Findlay J A.Cavitation in Mechanical Face Seals]J].Transactions of the ASME Journal of Lubrication Tech,1968,90(2):356-364.
[12]Nan B S.Observations and Analysis of Mechanical Seal Film Characteristics]J].Journal of Lubrication Technolo,1980,102(2):341-349.
[13]Walowit J,Pinkus O.Analysis of Face Seals With Shrouded Pockets]J].ASME Jour of Lubr Tech,1982,104,262-230
[14]Ikecuchi K,Mori H,Nishida T.A.Face Seal with Circumferential Pumping Grooves and Rayleigh Steps[J].ASME Jour of Tribology,1988,110,313-319
[15]Buck G S,Volden D,A New Concept in Mechanical Sealing Technology]J].Lubrication Eugi neeriug,1990,46(4):213.217
[16]Eion,Kligerman.Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Laser-Textured Mechanical Seal Faces[J].Tribolugy Trancfions,1999,42(3):511-516.
[17]Basu P.Analysis of a Radial Groove Gas Face Seal[J].Tribology Transactions,1992,35,11-20
[18]Bonnearu D,Huitric J,Toumeri B.Finite Element Analysis of Groove Gas Thrust Bearings and Groove Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,1993,115:348-354
[19]Clienicke J,Launert A,Schlums H.Gasgeschmierte Axialgleitringdicht fur hohe Werte[J].Konstruktion,1994,46,17-23
[20]Kowalski C.A,Basu P.Reverse Rotation CaPability of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals[J].Tribology Transactions,1995,38,549-556
[21]Shifeng Wu,Ray Clark.Positioning of Hydrodynamic Lift Features on Non-Contacting Mechanical Gas Seal Rings]J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43,498-506
[22]王美华.可控膜机械密封机理和特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,1990
[23]王美华,董勋.人字形螺旋槽机械密封热变形及力变形[J].流体工程,1992,(5):34-38
[24]王建荣,顾永泉,陈弘.圆弧槽气体润滑非接触式机械密封的特性[J].流体工程,1991,(3):1-6
[25]蔡文新,朱报祯.螺旋槽气体密封的研究[J].流体机械,1994,22(9):2-6
[26]彭建,左孝桐,顾永泉.螺旋槽干气密封的优化设计[J].流体机械,1995,23(3):24-27
[27]杨梦辰.平面螺旋槽气体止推轴承的研究[J].机械设计,1998(2):9-11
[28]宋鹏云,陈匡民.螺旋槽液体非接触机械密封的“零压差零泄漏”计算模型[J].流体机械.1999,27(1):6-10.
[29]彭建,鄢新华.上游泵送密封研究[J].流体机械,1998,26(2):3-8.
[30]Nan B S.国际流体密封会议文集[C].机械工业出版社.1988.
[31]彭旭东,顾永泉,王汝美.相态监控密封机械密封的研制和应用[J].石油化工设备技术[J].1995,16(3):30-33.
[32]彭旭东,刘淑琴,谢友柏.机械密封监控技术的研究[J].流体机械,1998,26(3):10-13.
[33]Burton.Stresses and deformation of compressed elastomeric 0-ring sealing[A].14th International Conference on Fluid Sealing[C],Italy,1994,83-95
[34]岳美娥,周惠娣.纳米微粒在摩擦学中的应用研究[J].润滑与密封,2003,(2):85-87.
[35]Mike Tangedahl.History and development of 8 rotating blowout preventer.IADC / SPE 23931
[36]Lipschitz A,Basu P,Johnson R.P.A Bi_Directional Gas Thrust Bearing[J].Tribology Transactions,1991,34,9-16
[37]胡丹梅,吴宗祥.直线槽端面气体密封分析计算[J].流体机械,1996,24(9):16-22
[38]王和顺,陈次昌.径向直线槽干气密封端面流场数值模拟[J].液压与气动,2004,10-0021-03
[39]胡丹梅,彭旭东.直线槽气体端面密封流体膜厚度的测量[J].润滑与密封,(2005)2-139-4
[40]韩萍,郝木明.径向直线槽气体密封端面流场和压力分布[J].石油化工设备,(2006)01-0044-04
[41]A.Lipschitz.A Zero-lekage Film Riding Face Seal[J].Transactions of the ASME Journal of Tribology,1985,107(7)
[42]Netxel J P.Seal technology,a control for industrial pollution[J].LUBRICATION ENGINEERING,1990,46(8)
[43]Tom Lai.Development of non-contcting,non-leaking spiral groove liquid face seals[J].LUBRI CATION ENGINEERING,1994,50(8)
[44]王玉明等.高速透平压缩机螺旋槽端面密封及其系统的研制[J].流体工程,1992,20(4)
[45]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京.北京理工大学出版社.2006,19-20
[46]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].石油大学出版社,1990,48-49
[47]于瑞金,张凯,王刚.FLUENT技术基础与应用实例.北京.清华大学出版社.2007,49-50
[48]吕斌.HGK型离心泵汽蚀原冈分析及解决方案研究[D].大连.大连交通大学,2006
[49]Xiao Q,Xin R C,Tao W.Q.Analysis of fully developed laminar flow and heat transfer in asymmetric wavy channels[J].Int Comm Heat Mass Transfer,1989.16:227-236
[50]南小妮.螺旋槽气体端面密封的三维稳态数值分析[D].北京.北京化工大学,2005
[2]魏龙,顾伯勤,孙见君.机械密封端面摩擦工况研究发展[J].润滑与密封,2003,(5):29-33.
[3]Lebeck A O.Principles and Design of Mechanical FaceSeals[J].TJ246.1991.
[4]Summers-smith etc.The Mechanism ofFilm Generation in Mechanical Face Seals [J].Tribology International,Aug,1982.227.231
[5]戈建志,李克永.机械密封润滑状态及摩擦扭矩的研究[J].流体工程,1993,21(1):1.5.
[6]葛培琪.考虑粗糙度和径向锥度的密封混合摩擦的计算模型[J].润滑与密封,2001,(5):39.40.
[7]顾永泉.机械密封实用技术[M].机械工业出版社,2001.
[8]I.ebeck A O,Face Seal Waviness,Prediction,Measure,ments,Causes,Efects[A].1Oth Int Conf on FluidSealing[C],April,1984.
[9]Eion.Performance of End-face Seals with Diametral Tilt and Couiug-hydrostafic FAtecm[J].Jul,1981D.279-288.
[10]Etsion.Dynamic Analysis of Non-contacting Face Seals]J].Lubrication Technology,1982,194(2):460-468.
[11]Findlay J A.Cavitation in Mechanical Face Seals]J].Transactions of the ASME Journal of Lubrication Tech,1968,90(2):356-364.
[12]Nan B S.Observations and Analysis of Mechanical Seal Film Characteristics]J].Journal of Lubrication Technolo,1980,102(2):341-349.
[13]Walowit J,Pinkus O.Analysis of Face Seals With Shrouded Pockets]J].ASME Jour of Lubr Tech,1982,104,262-230
[14]Ikecuchi K,Mori H,Nishida T.A.Face Seal with Circumferential Pumping Grooves and Rayleigh Steps[J].ASME Jour of Tribology,1988,110,313-319
[15]Buck G S,Volden D,A New Concept in Mechanical Sealing Technology]J].Lubrication Eugi neeriug,1990,46(4):213.217
[16]Eion,Kligerman.Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Laser-Textured Mechanical Seal Faces[J].Tribolugy Trancfions,1999,42(3):511-516.
[17]Basu P.Analysis of a Radial Groove Gas Face Seal[J].Tribology Transactions,1992,35,11-20
[18]Bonnearu D,Huitric J,Toumeri B.Finite Element Analysis of Groove Gas Thrust Bearings and Groove Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,1993,115:348-354
[19]Clienicke J,Launert A,Schlums H.Gasgeschmierte Axialgleitringdicht fur hohe Werte[J].Konstruktion,1994,46,17-23
[20]Kowalski C.A,Basu P.Reverse Rotation CaPability of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals[J].Tribology Transactions,1995,38,549-556
[21]Shifeng Wu,Ray Clark.Positioning of Hydrodynamic Lift Features on Non-Contacting Mechanical Gas Seal Rings]J].Tribology Transactions,2000,43,498-506
[22]王美华.可控膜机械密封机理和特性研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,1990
[23]王美华,董勋.人字形螺旋槽机械密封热变形及力变形[J].流体工程,1992,(5):34-38
[24]王建荣,顾永泉,陈弘.圆弧槽气体润滑非接触式机械密封的特性[J].流体工程,1991,(3):1-6
[25]蔡文新,朱报祯.螺旋槽气体密封的研究[J].流体机械,1994,22(9):2-6
[26]彭建,左孝桐,顾永泉.螺旋槽干气密封的优化设计[J].流体机械,1995,23(3):24-27
[27]杨梦辰.平面螺旋槽气体止推轴承的研究[J].机械设计,1998(2):9-11
[28]宋鹏云,陈匡民.螺旋槽液体非接触机械密封的“零压差零泄漏”计算模型[J].流体机械.1999,27(1):6-10.
[29]彭建,鄢新华.上游泵送密封研究[J].流体机械,1998,26(2):3-8.
[30]Nan B S.国际流体密封会议文集[C].机械工业出版社.1988.
[31]彭旭东,顾永泉,王汝美.相态监控密封机械密封的研制和应用[J].石油化工设备技术[J].1995,16(3):30-33.
[32]彭旭东,刘淑琴,谢友柏.机械密封监控技术的研究[J].流体机械,1998,26(3):10-13.
[33]Burton.Stresses and deformation of compressed elastomeric 0-ring sealing[A].14th International Conference on Fluid Sealing[C],Italy,1994,83-95
[34]岳美娥,周惠娣.纳米微粒在摩擦学中的应用研究[J].润滑与密封,2003,(2):85-87.
[35]Mike Tangedahl.History and development of 8 rotating blowout preventer.IADC / SPE 23931
[36]Lipschitz A,Basu P,Johnson R.P.A Bi_Directional Gas Thrust Bearing[J].Tribology Transactions,1991,34,9-16
[37]胡丹梅,吴宗祥.直线槽端面气体密封分析计算[J].流体机械,1996,24(9):16-22
[38]王和顺,陈次昌.径向直线槽干气密封端面流场数值模拟[J].液压与气动,2004,10-0021-03
[39]胡丹梅,彭旭东.直线槽气体端面密封流体膜厚度的测量[J].润滑与密封,(2005)2-139-4
[40]韩萍,郝木明.径向直线槽气体密封端面流场和压力分布[J].石油化工设备,(2006)01-0044-04
[41]A.Lipschitz.A Zero-lekage Film Riding Face Seal[J].Transactions of the ASME Journal of Tribology,1985,107(7)
[42]Netxel J P.Seal technology,a control for industrial pollution[J].LUBRICATION ENGINEERING,1990,46(8)
[43]Tom Lai.Development of non-contcting,non-leaking spiral groove liquid face seals[J].LUBRI CATION ENGINEERING,1994,50(8)
[44]王玉明等.高速透平压缩机螺旋槽端面密封及其系统的研制[J].流体工程,1992,20(4)
[45]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京.北京理工大学出版社.2006,19-20
[46]顾永泉.流体动密封[M].石油大学出版社,1990,48-49
[47]于瑞金,张凯,王刚.FLUENT技术基础与应用实例.北京.清华大学出版社.2007,49-50
[48]吕斌.HGK型离心泵汽蚀原冈分析及解决方案研究[D].大连.大连交通大学,2006
[49]Xiao Q,Xin R C,Tao W.Q.Analysis of fully developed laminar flow and heat transfer in asymmetric wavy channels[J].Int Comm Heat Mass Transfer,1989.16:227-236
[50]南小妮.螺旋槽气体端面密封的三维稳态数值分析[D].北京.北京化工大学,2005