基于分形理论的车间布局研究
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摘要
随着市场竞争的激烈、客户需求的多样化,企业自身要能够快速响应这些变化,否则必然会在市场竞争中被淘汰。改变这一情况的途径有很多,车间作为企业生产的基本单元,其好坏是衡量生产物流系统优劣的先决条件。好的车间布局形式,不仅能够为企业的生产节约成本,同时可以根据外界市场的变化、客户需求的变更进行快速的重构。在外部需求变化的时候,传统的布局方式很难快速的做出调整,跟不上市场变化的步伐。因此,建立一个敏捷的、高柔性的、可重构的车间布局,是企业在外界环境变化和内部结构调整时的立足之本。
文章首先分析了车间布局的发展趋势以及在现代制造业中的地位,并指出车间布局与制造业发展理念的冲突;介绍了分形理论技术及其内涵、本质,引出把分形理论应用到车间布局中的意义;将分形理论运用于车间布局,并提出了E型车间布局的概念。通过二级或者多级分形,构造一个可重构的E型车间布局形式,首先从最底层的设备单元建立布局模型,局部进行优化,然后在优化好的基础之上,在对第二级以及更高级进行同模型的求解,直到车间布局全部形成;并利用虚拟仿真软件对分形布局进行三维仿真,观察已构建模型的动态运行情况,分析运行结果,并及时的做出调整。分形布局为企业车间布局提供了一种新的理念和研究方向。
With the fierce market competition and the diversification of customer needs, Enterprises themselves bound to be able to respond quickly to these changes, otherwise it would be eliminated in the competing market. To change this situation many paths can be used, Workshop as the basic unit of production, it is the priority condition to clarify the production and logistics system. A suitable layout of workshop can not only save the production cost, but quickly re-establish according to the change of market and customer's requirement.With the external demand changing, the layout of the traditional way is very difficult to make rapid adjustments, and failed to keep pace with the market changes. Therefore, the establishment of an agile, highly flexible, reconfigurable layout of the shop is the enterprises foothold when the external environment changes and the internal structure adjusted.
Firstly, the article analysis the development trend of layout of workshop and the status in the modern manufacturing industry, and point out that traditional layout of workshop has conflicts with concept of modern manufacturing industry; Secondly, fractal theory and its content and essence are introduced, bring out the significance of using fractal theory into layout of workshop; Thirdly the fractal theory is used to model the layout of workshop. The paper builds the conception of E-model layout of workshop. Though the secondary or more high-level fractal layout, we can build a reconfigurable layout form. Firstly, build the layout of workshop from bottom equipment unit, and optimize partially. Then based on the outcome, explain the secondary or more high-level model until the layout of workshop forms completely; And the virtual simulation software is used to fractal layout to make three-dimensional simulation, by which can observe the dynamic operation situation of the finished model and analyze the operational result, then make the necessary adjustment; Finally, all the good or bad factors to workshop layout should be analyzed. Fractal layout workshop provides a new layout ideas and research directions for enterprise
文章首先分析了车间布局的发展趋势以及在现代制造业中的地位,并指出车间布局与制造业发展理念的冲突;介绍了分形理论技术及其内涵、本质,引出把分形理论应用到车间布局中的意义;将分形理论运用于车间布局,并提出了E型车间布局的概念。通过二级或者多级分形,构造一个可重构的E型车间布局形式,首先从最底层的设备单元建立布局模型,局部进行优化,然后在优化好的基础之上,在对第二级以及更高级进行同模型的求解,直到车间布局全部形成;并利用虚拟仿真软件对分形布局进行三维仿真,观察已构建模型的动态运行情况,分析运行结果,并及时的做出调整。分形布局为企业车间布局提供了一种新的理念和研究方向。
With the fierce market competition and the diversification of customer needs, Enterprises themselves bound to be able to respond quickly to these changes, otherwise it would be eliminated in the competing market. To change this situation many paths can be used, Workshop as the basic unit of production, it is the priority condition to clarify the production and logistics system. A suitable layout of workshop can not only save the production cost, but quickly re-establish according to the change of market and customer's requirement.With the external demand changing, the layout of the traditional way is very difficult to make rapid adjustments, and failed to keep pace with the market changes. Therefore, the establishment of an agile, highly flexible, reconfigurable layout of the shop is the enterprises foothold when the external environment changes and the internal structure adjusted.
Firstly, the article analysis the development trend of layout of workshop and the status in the modern manufacturing industry, and point out that traditional layout of workshop has conflicts with concept of modern manufacturing industry; Secondly, fractal theory and its content and essence are introduced, bring out the significance of using fractal theory into layout of workshop; Thirdly the fractal theory is used to model the layout of workshop. The paper builds the conception of E-model layout of workshop. Though the secondary or more high-level fractal layout, we can build a reconfigurable layout form. Firstly, build the layout of workshop from bottom equipment unit, and optimize partially. Then based on the outcome, explain the secondary or more high-level model until the layout of workshop forms completely; And the virtual simulation software is used to fractal layout to make three-dimensional simulation, by which can observe the dynamic operation situation of the finished model and analyze the operational result, then make the necessary adjustment; Finally, all the good or bad factors to workshop layout should be analyzed. Fractal layout workshop provides a new layout ideas and research directions for enterprise
引文
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