高新国际商务中心空调制冷系统能耗分析与方案优化
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摘要
目前,建筑能耗已占到国民经济的30%,而其中公共建筑空调能耗又占建筑能耗相当大的比重。公共建筑空调制冷系统的具有很大的节能潜力,本文在空调系统节能应用及迅速发展的背景下提出。
本文采用EnergyPlus动态模拟软件分析了高新国际商务中心空调系统能耗状况,并研究了不同空调方案的能耗水平,对空调制冷系统的设计方案进行了优化。
首先,对西安高新国际商务中心空调系统运行时的室内热环境进行了实测,并监测了制冷系统的实际运行参数,分析了其能耗状况以及冷机的运行状况。采用Energy-Plus软件在实测气象条件下模拟了冷机的制冷量以及蒸汽能耗,与实测值进行了对比分析,揭示出模拟值与实测值的偏差所占的时间频率。
然后,采用E+软件对高新国际商务中心空调制冷系统的供冷季能耗进行了模拟,得到逐时冷负荷,分析绘出了冷负荷的分布频率表。研究了冷冻水以及冷却水参数对空调制冷系统总能耗以及各个设备能耗的影响,以及送风温度对空调制冷系统能耗的影响。
最后,针对蒸汽溴化锂吸收式冷机、压缩式制冷机、冰蓄冷空调以及土壤源热泵四种冷源型式,CAV系统、VAV系统以及辐射冷板空调系统三种空调末端类型的组合,模拟分析了12种制冷空调与系统组合方案。分析了供冷季的能耗状况,得出各部分能耗以及总能耗值。采用EUI与CEC系数对各类型空调系统的能耗进行评价,并结合各种空调系统的适用性,得出离心式冷水机组与辐射冷板空调系统为适合于本建筑的最优化空调制冷系统型式。
Currently, building energy consumption has accounted for 30% of the national economy, and Air-conditioning energy consumption of public buildings has a Large proportion. Public buildings air-conditioning system has great potential for energy saving, under the background of the building energy efficiency and the energy for air-conditioning system, this thesis is discussed.
In this paper, the status of energy consumption was simulated from dynamic simulation software Energy-Plus for Gao Xin International Business Center. Also analyzed the energy consumption Condition of different air-condition project, and got the optimizing project. Major are as follows:
First, Xi’an Gao Xin International Business Center was selected to study the energy consumption of its air-conditioning and refrigeration system. The indoor thermal environment was measured and operational parameters of the refrigeration system were monitored in summertime. The energy consumption was analyzed to acknowledge its part-load operation condition. The software of Energy-Plus was used to simulate the cooling capacity of chillers and the amount of its steam consumption. The simulation results were compared with monitoring data. It reveals the frequency distribution of their deviation ranges.
Then, the energy consumption of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems was simulated for cooling season by E+ for Gao Xin International Business Center, results indicate the load changes and the cooling load of the frequency table. And to study the chilled water and cooling water parameters on the total energy consumption and air conditioning systems the impact of energy consumption of each device, and supply air temperature on the energy consumption of air conditioning and refrigeration.
Finally, Li-Br absorption refrigeration of steam、compressed air-conditioning refrigerator、ice-storage air-conditioning refrigerator and heat pump air-conditioning refrigerator for four cold source types, CAV systems, VAV systems and radiant cooling system for the three terminal types, the different cold source and air-conditioning end equipment combination of air-conditioning system ,obtained the 12 types of air- conditioning systems. Its energy simulation analysis, and the total energy consumption of each part of the energy value, and as a basis for comparative analysis of the air conditioning energy consumption. Take the coefficient of energy consumption (CEC) and energy utilization index (EUI) as measure of energy performance of the air-conditioning system. and with the various types of air-conditioning system according to the applicable conditions, the air-conditioning combined the compressed refeigerator with radiant cooling system wes the optimal project of air-conditioning syetem for this building.
本文采用EnergyPlus动态模拟软件分析了高新国际商务中心空调系统能耗状况,并研究了不同空调方案的能耗水平,对空调制冷系统的设计方案进行了优化。
首先,对西安高新国际商务中心空调系统运行时的室内热环境进行了实测,并监测了制冷系统的实际运行参数,分析了其能耗状况以及冷机的运行状况。采用Energy-Plus软件在实测气象条件下模拟了冷机的制冷量以及蒸汽能耗,与实测值进行了对比分析,揭示出模拟值与实测值的偏差所占的时间频率。
然后,采用E+软件对高新国际商务中心空调制冷系统的供冷季能耗进行了模拟,得到逐时冷负荷,分析绘出了冷负荷的分布频率表。研究了冷冻水以及冷却水参数对空调制冷系统总能耗以及各个设备能耗的影响,以及送风温度对空调制冷系统能耗的影响。
最后,针对蒸汽溴化锂吸收式冷机、压缩式制冷机、冰蓄冷空调以及土壤源热泵四种冷源型式,CAV系统、VAV系统以及辐射冷板空调系统三种空调末端类型的组合,模拟分析了12种制冷空调与系统组合方案。分析了供冷季的能耗状况,得出各部分能耗以及总能耗值。采用EUI与CEC系数对各类型空调系统的能耗进行评价,并结合各种空调系统的适用性,得出离心式冷水机组与辐射冷板空调系统为适合于本建筑的最优化空调制冷系统型式。
Currently, building energy consumption has accounted for 30% of the national economy, and Air-conditioning energy consumption of public buildings has a Large proportion. Public buildings air-conditioning system has great potential for energy saving, under the background of the building energy efficiency and the energy for air-conditioning system, this thesis is discussed.
In this paper, the status of energy consumption was simulated from dynamic simulation software Energy-Plus for Gao Xin International Business Center. Also analyzed the energy consumption Condition of different air-condition project, and got the optimizing project. Major are as follows:
First, Xi’an Gao Xin International Business Center was selected to study the energy consumption of its air-conditioning and refrigeration system. The indoor thermal environment was measured and operational parameters of the refrigeration system were monitored in summertime. The energy consumption was analyzed to acknowledge its part-load operation condition. The software of Energy-Plus was used to simulate the cooling capacity of chillers and the amount of its steam consumption. The simulation results were compared with monitoring data. It reveals the frequency distribution of their deviation ranges.
Then, the energy consumption of air-conditioning and refrigeration systems was simulated for cooling season by E+ for Gao Xin International Business Center, results indicate the load changes and the cooling load of the frequency table. And to study the chilled water and cooling water parameters on the total energy consumption and air conditioning systems the impact of energy consumption of each device, and supply air temperature on the energy consumption of air conditioning and refrigeration.
Finally, Li-Br absorption refrigeration of steam、compressed air-conditioning refrigerator、ice-storage air-conditioning refrigerator and heat pump air-conditioning refrigerator for four cold source types, CAV systems, VAV systems and radiant cooling system for the three terminal types, the different cold source and air-conditioning end equipment combination of air-conditioning system ,obtained the 12 types of air- conditioning systems. Its energy simulation analysis, and the total energy consumption of each part of the energy value, and as a basis for comparative analysis of the air conditioning energy consumption. Take the coefficient of energy consumption (CEC) and energy utilization index (EUI) as measure of energy performance of the air-conditioning system. and with the various types of air-conditioning system according to the applicable conditions, the air-conditioning combined the compressed refeigerator with radiant cooling system wes the optimal project of air-conditioning syetem for this building.
引文
[1]武涌,刘长滨等.中国建筑节能管理制度创新研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[2]武涌,刘长滨等.中国建筑节能经济激励政策研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[3]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2007.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[4]张丽.中国终端能耗与建筑节能.北京:北京建筑工业出版社,2007
[5]张俊杰,张文杰等.论可持续发展的建筑节能观.中州大学学报,2003.10
[6]孙明芳,钟史明.综合资源规划(IRP)方法和需求方管理(DSM)技术简介.能源研究与利用,1997,(2):35～37
[7] Alan Meier. Toward more efficient energy use through demand-side management.Berkeley Lab, University of California, July 1996
[8] Oktay Ural. Resources and Conservation Related to Built Environment,VolumeZ.Miami beach , Florida,1980:598～611
[9] M.Santalnoris, C.A.Balaras,E.Dasealaki,A.Gaglia. Energy Conservation and Retrofitting potential in Hotel. Energy Buildings. 1995,24:65～75
[10] E.Trianti Stouxna,K.SPyroPoulou,C.Theofylaktos, C.A.Balaras,M santamouris, D.N.Asimakopoulos, GLazaroPouiou,N.paPanjkolaou. Energy Conservation Strategies for sports Centers: Part A. Sports Halls. Energy and buildings. 1998,27:109～12
[11] SuraPong Chirarattananon, Juntakan Taweekun A technical review of energy conservation Programsfor commercial and government buildings in Thailand Energy Conversion and Management 2003,44:743～762
[12] PhiliP CH. Yu,WK. Chow. Energy use in commercial buildings in Hong Kong, Applied Energy, 2001,(69):243～25
[13] Chow WK,Yu Philip CH. Controlling building energy, by over all thermal transfer value (OTTV), Energy 2000, (66):91～103.
[14] Takehito Imanari, Toshiaki Omori, Kazuaki Bogaki, Thermal comfort and energy consumption of the radiant ceiling panel system Comparison with the conventional all-air system, Energy and Buildings ,30 (1999): 167～175
[15] Tolga N.Aynur, Reinhard Radermacher ,Yunho Hwang,Simulation comparison of VAV and VRF air conditioning systems in an existing building for the cooling season,Energy and Buildings 41 (2009) :1143～1150
[16] Simon Chapuis、Michel Bernier, Seasonal storage of solar energyin borehole heat exchangers ,Buildings Simulation 2009, July 27-30, 2009
[17] Sébastien Thomas、Philippe André,Dynamic simulation of a complete solar assisted conditioning system in an office building using trnsys ,Building Simulation, July 27-30, 2009
[18] Milos Lain、Jan Hensen、Vladimir Zmrha,Computer simulation for better design and operation of large office building air-conditioningBuilding Simulation, July 27-30, 2009:740～745
[19]杨洁,涂光备,森山正和,高西茂彭.天津与神户地区公共建筑能耗调查分析人煤气与热力,2004,24(l)
[20]沈浩,李念平.商场空调系统能耗评价与节能措施的研究[J].制冷空调与电力机械2005,
[21]陈晨,潘毅群,黄治钟,吴刚.上海某商用建筑能耗分析与节能评估[J].暖通空调2006,36(4)
[22]龙惟定,潘毅群,范存养,许雷,胡欣.上海公共建筑能耗现状及节能潜力分析.暖通空调.1998,28(63)13～16
[23]梁珍,程继梅,徐坚.商场建筑能耗主要影响因素及节能分析[J].节能技术2001,03
[24]江亿.我国建筑耗趋势与节能分析[J].绿色建筑.2006,7:10～15
[25]江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调,2005,25(5):30～40
[26]薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析[J].暖通空调,2004,(9).
[27]薛志峰.公共建筑节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[28]赵军,戴传山.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[29]楼媛媛.地源热泵优缺点的分析现代商业工业,2010(22).
[30]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安,薛红香,张红瑞.冷却顶板结露问题分析[J].山东建筑大学学报2007,22(6):537～540
[31]郭海新.冷却顶板[J].暖通空调,1996(6)47～49
[32]戴永庆.溴化锂吸收式制冷空调技术实用手册[M],机械工业出版社,2000
[33]方超高精度的过热蒸汽焓函数简单实用数学模型的探索中国机电工程学报
[34] Energy-plus User Manual Version 5.0 2010
[35]公共建筑节能设计标准,GB50189～2005
[36]邹建忠,袁敏,程珈宁,刘光大商场空调设计中客流量和新风量取值的探讨长春工程学院学报(自然科学版) 2001年第2卷第2期
[37]何知衡西安大型商场能耗现状与节能分析.硕士论文.
[38]张乐法.动态空调负荷计算及其CAD程序发展史,2001
[39]张乐法.冷空道人空调动态负荷学术论、评文选集,2006
[40] Mackey C O, Wight L T. Periodic heat flow-homogeneous walls or roofs. Proceeding of ASHRAE,1944
[41] Mackey C O, Wight L T. Periodic heat flow-homogeneous walls or roofs. proceeding of ASHRAE,1946
[42] Stephenson D G, Mitalas G P. Cooling load calculation by thermal response factor method. ASHRAE Transaction ,1967 ,73(1):1～7
[43] Hoglund B I, Mitalas G P, Stephenson D G. Surface temperatures and heat fluxes for flat roofs. ASHRAE Transaction ,1967 ,2(1):29～36
[44] Stephenson D G, Mitalas G P. Calculation of heat conduction transfer functions for multilayer slabs. ASHRAE Transaction,1971,77(2):117～126
[45] Rudoy W, Duran F. Development of an improved cooling load calculation method. ASHRAE Transaction, 1975, 81(1):115～121
[46]郭海新.冷却顶板[J].暖通空调,1996(6)47～49
[47]赵宇.不同类型集中空调系统能耗模拟分析及评价
[48]王燕,李安桂,师树海,王智超.西安市公共建筑夏季空调能耗调查与温湿度测试分析暖通空调2009 39( 7)
[49]龙维定.上海地区集中空调冷热源的比较研究
[50]袁锋,胡益雄,杜朝辉.变风量系统能耗及节能特性研究暖通空调2005 35(3):113～117
[51]张文奏,王飞,郑惠明.冰蓄冷空调的投资回收期及能耗分析,山西能源与技术,2009(2) :65～68
[52]郑晓卫,潘毅群,黄治种,吴刚,国内外建筑能耗基准评价工具的研究与运用,节能论坛
[53]周权.公共建筑空调系统节能评价指标与体系:哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文
[54]龙恩深.建筑能耗基因理论与建筑节能实践[M]:科学出版社,2009
[2]武涌,刘长滨等.中国建筑节能经济激励政策研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[3]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2007.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[4]张丽.中国终端能耗与建筑节能.北京:北京建筑工业出版社,2007
[5]张俊杰,张文杰等.论可持续发展的建筑节能观.中州大学学报,2003.10
[6]孙明芳,钟史明.综合资源规划(IRP)方法和需求方管理(DSM)技术简介.能源研究与利用,1997,(2):35～37
[7] Alan Meier. Toward more efficient energy use through demand-side management.Berkeley Lab, University of California, July 1996
[8] Oktay Ural. Resources and Conservation Related to Built Environment,VolumeZ.Miami beach , Florida,1980:598～611
[9] M.Santalnoris, C.A.Balaras,E.Dasealaki,A.Gaglia. Energy Conservation and Retrofitting potential in Hotel. Energy Buildings. 1995,24:65～75
[10] E.Trianti Stouxna,K.SPyroPoulou,C.Theofylaktos, C.A.Balaras,M santamouris, D.N.Asimakopoulos, GLazaroPouiou,N.paPanjkolaou. Energy Conservation Strategies for sports Centers: Part A. Sports Halls. Energy and buildings. 1998,27:109～12
[11] SuraPong Chirarattananon, Juntakan Taweekun A technical review of energy conservation Programsfor commercial and government buildings in Thailand Energy Conversion and Management 2003,44:743～762
[12] PhiliP CH. Yu,WK. Chow. Energy use in commercial buildings in Hong Kong, Applied Energy, 2001,(69):243～25
[13] Chow WK,Yu Philip CH. Controlling building energy, by over all thermal transfer value (OTTV), Energy 2000, (66):91～103.
[14] Takehito Imanari, Toshiaki Omori, Kazuaki Bogaki, Thermal comfort and energy consumption of the radiant ceiling panel system Comparison with the conventional all-air system, Energy and Buildings ,30 (1999): 167～175
[15] Tolga N.Aynur, Reinhard Radermacher ,Yunho Hwang,Simulation comparison of VAV and VRF air conditioning systems in an existing building for the cooling season,Energy and Buildings 41 (2009) :1143～1150
[16] Simon Chapuis、Michel Bernier, Seasonal storage of solar energyin borehole heat exchangers ,Buildings Simulation 2009, July 27-30, 2009
[17] Sébastien Thomas、Philippe André,Dynamic simulation of a complete solar assisted conditioning system in an office building using trnsys ,Building Simulation, July 27-30, 2009
[18] Milos Lain、Jan Hensen、Vladimir Zmrha,Computer simulation for better design and operation of large office building air-conditioningBuilding Simulation, July 27-30, 2009:740～745
[19]杨洁,涂光备,森山正和,高西茂彭.天津与神户地区公共建筑能耗调查分析人煤气与热力,2004,24(l)
[20]沈浩,李念平.商场空调系统能耗评价与节能措施的研究[J].制冷空调与电力机械2005,
[21]陈晨,潘毅群,黄治钟,吴刚.上海某商用建筑能耗分析与节能评估[J].暖通空调2006,36(4)
[22]龙惟定,潘毅群,范存养,许雷,胡欣.上海公共建筑能耗现状及节能潜力分析.暖通空调.1998,28(63)13～16
[23]梁珍,程继梅,徐坚.商场建筑能耗主要影响因素及节能分析[J].节能技术2001,03
[24]江亿.我国建筑耗趋势与节能分析[J].绿色建筑.2006,7:10～15
[25]江亿.我国建筑耗能状况及有效的节能途径[J].暖通空调,2005,25(5):30～40
[26]薛志峰,江亿.北京市大型公共建筑用能现状与节能潜力分析[J].暖通空调,2004,(9).
[27]薛志峰.公共建筑节能[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007
[28]赵军,戴传山.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用,中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[29]楼媛媛.地源热泵优缺点的分析现代商业工业,2010(22).
[30]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安,薛红香,张红瑞.冷却顶板结露问题分析[J].山东建筑大学学报2007,22(6):537～540
[31]郭海新.冷却顶板[J].暖通空调,1996(6)47～49
[32]戴永庆.溴化锂吸收式制冷空调技术实用手册[M],机械工业出版社,2000
[33]方超高精度的过热蒸汽焓函数简单实用数学模型的探索中国机电工程学报
[34] Energy-plus User Manual Version 5.0 2010
[35]公共建筑节能设计标准,GB50189～2005
[36]邹建忠,袁敏,程珈宁,刘光大商场空调设计中客流量和新风量取值的探讨长春工程学院学报(自然科学版) 2001年第2卷第2期
[37]何知衡西安大型商场能耗现状与节能分析.硕士论文.
[38]张乐法.动态空调负荷计算及其CAD程序发展史,2001
[39]张乐法.冷空道人空调动态负荷学术论、评文选集,2006
[40] Mackey C O, Wight L T. Periodic heat flow-homogeneous walls or roofs. Proceeding of ASHRAE,1944
[41] Mackey C O, Wight L T. Periodic heat flow-homogeneous walls or roofs. proceeding of ASHRAE,1946
[42] Stephenson D G, Mitalas G P. Cooling load calculation by thermal response factor method. ASHRAE Transaction ,1967 ,73(1):1～7
[43] Hoglund B I, Mitalas G P, Stephenson D G. Surface temperatures and heat fluxes for flat roofs. ASHRAE Transaction ,1967 ,2(1):29～36
[44] Stephenson D G, Mitalas G P. Calculation of heat conduction transfer functions for multilayer slabs. ASHRAE Transaction,1971,77(2):117～126
[45] Rudoy W, Duran F. Development of an improved cooling load calculation method. ASHRAE Transaction, 1975, 81(1):115～121
[46]郭海新.冷却顶板[J].暖通空调,1996(6)47～49
[47]赵宇.不同类型集中空调系统能耗模拟分析及评价
[48]王燕,李安桂,师树海,王智超.西安市公共建筑夏季空调能耗调查与温湿度测试分析暖通空调2009 39( 7)
[49]龙维定.上海地区集中空调冷热源的比较研究
[50]袁锋,胡益雄,杜朝辉.变风量系统能耗及节能特性研究暖通空调2005 35(3):113～117
[51]张文奏,王飞,郑惠明.冰蓄冷空调的投资回收期及能耗分析,山西能源与技术,2009(2) :65～68
[52]郑晓卫,潘毅群,黄治种,吴刚,国内外建筑能耗基准评价工具的研究与运用,节能论坛
[53]周权.公共建筑空调系统节能评价指标与体系:哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文
[54]龙恩深.建筑能耗基因理论与建筑节能实践[M]:科学出版社,2009