小型过冷式冰蓄冷多联空调系统的运行优化控制策略研究
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摘要
冰蓄冷技术不仅可以移峰填谷、平衡电网,而且还可以利用峰谷电价差节省运行费用,目前已成为我国积极推广的一项实用节能技术。目前关于小型冰蓄冷空调方面的研究绝大部分还是局限于系统特性和实验方面,对于运行控制策略方面,可借鉴的资料很少,而运行控制策略的选择是否合理直接关系到整个系统的经济性及可行性,因此,有必要对小型冰蓄冷系统的运行优化控制策略进行探讨。
首先对小型过冷式冰蓄冷多联空调系统的工作原理进行阐述,并针对不同的蒸发温度、冷凝温度和过冷度,采用EES软件对系统的单位制冷量、性能系数以及有效能效率进行模拟计算,分析系统在夏季运行时的循环特性。
其次结合该系统的运行特点,提出基于BP神经网络负荷预测的优化控制方案,综合考虑室外环境温度、部分负荷率、系统循环特性以及蓄冰槽的传热性能等因素的影响建立系统的优化控制数学模型,引入动态规划逆序解法对该模型的最优化问题进行求解,同时基于优化控制在实际应用中的复杂性,提出一种简单有效的近优化控制策略—逐步逻辑判断优化法。
最后通过一个实例对比分析优化控制、逐步逻辑判断优化以及主机优先三种控制策略下系统的经济性。通过实例计算得出,优化控制较常规空调系统节省运行费用14.2%,逐步逻辑判断优化较常规空调系统节省运行费用13.9%,主机优先较常规空调系统节省运行费用10.5%。
本文研究成果,为今后小型冰蓄冷空调系统的实际应用和改造提供理论依据和指导作用,同时也对小型冰蓄冷空调系统的推广工作起到一定的促进作用。
Ice storage air conditioning system has become a widely used technology for saving energies with the advantage of it in avoiding high demand during on-peak and reducing the operating cost cooling equipment. Most of the researchers focused on the experiments. Choosing a better operational control is directly related to the economic feasibility of the whole system. But there are few references about the studies of optimal control methods. So, it is necessary to discuss the operational control in the Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system.
Based on the discussion of the working principle of Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system, we used EES package to simulate the refrigerating capacity per weighing, COP and energy efficiency under different conditions such as evaporating temperature, condensing temperature and degree of supercooling. The simulation results were carried out to analysis the cycle characteristic of systems operating in summer.
We developed an effective method to predict the operation control on the basis of BP ArtificialNeuralNetworks (ANNs). The model was set up by the factors of outdoor ambient temperature, load rate, cycle specificity and temperature conductivity of ice-tanks. The optimization of model was solved by dynamic programming. Moreover, a simply and effective optimization control method was proposed---stepwise logical judgment optimization method.
Finally, results were used to analysis the system economy under optimization control method, stepwise logical judgment optimization method and chiller-priority. The optimization calculation show that optimal control can save 14.2% expense, logical judgment can save 13.9% expense and chiller-priority can save 10.5% expense than normal air-conditioning system.
Present work can provide a theoretical basis and guiding principles for the practical applications of Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system.
首先对小型过冷式冰蓄冷多联空调系统的工作原理进行阐述,并针对不同的蒸发温度、冷凝温度和过冷度,采用EES软件对系统的单位制冷量、性能系数以及有效能效率进行模拟计算,分析系统在夏季运行时的循环特性。
其次结合该系统的运行特点,提出基于BP神经网络负荷预测的优化控制方案,综合考虑室外环境温度、部分负荷率、系统循环特性以及蓄冰槽的传热性能等因素的影响建立系统的优化控制数学模型,引入动态规划逆序解法对该模型的最优化问题进行求解,同时基于优化控制在实际应用中的复杂性,提出一种简单有效的近优化控制策略—逐步逻辑判断优化法。
最后通过一个实例对比分析优化控制、逐步逻辑判断优化以及主机优先三种控制策略下系统的经济性。通过实例计算得出,优化控制较常规空调系统节省运行费用14.2%,逐步逻辑判断优化较常规空调系统节省运行费用13.9%,主机优先较常规空调系统节省运行费用10.5%。
本文研究成果,为今后小型冰蓄冷空调系统的实际应用和改造提供理论依据和指导作用,同时也对小型冰蓄冷空调系统的推广工作起到一定的促进作用。
Ice storage air conditioning system has become a widely used technology for saving energies with the advantage of it in avoiding high demand during on-peak and reducing the operating cost cooling equipment. Most of the researchers focused on the experiments. Choosing a better operational control is directly related to the economic feasibility of the whole system. But there are few references about the studies of optimal control methods. So, it is necessary to discuss the operational control in the Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system.
Based on the discussion of the working principle of Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system, we used EES package to simulate the refrigerating capacity per weighing, COP and energy efficiency under different conditions such as evaporating temperature, condensing temperature and degree of supercooling. The simulation results were carried out to analysis the cycle characteristic of systems operating in summer.
We developed an effective method to predict the operation control on the basis of BP ArtificialNeuralNetworks (ANNs). The model was set up by the factors of outdoor ambient temperature, load rate, cycle specificity and temperature conductivity of ice-tanks. The optimization of model was solved by dynamic programming. Moreover, a simply and effective optimization control method was proposed---stepwise logical judgment optimization method.
Finally, results were used to analysis the system economy under optimization control method, stepwise logical judgment optimization method and chiller-priority. The optimization calculation show that optimal control can save 14.2% expense, logical judgment can save 13.9% expense and chiller-priority can save 10.5% expense than normal air-conditioning system.
Present work can provide a theoretical basis and guiding principles for the practical applications of Mini-type multi-units with sub-cooled ice storage system.
引文
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[2]陈坤,洪荣华,吴杰等.低过冷度冰蓄冷溶液的试验研究及节能效益分析[J].实用节能技术, 2005,52(3) :52～55.
[3]赵兰,章学来.小型冰蓄冷空调研究进展[J].制冷, 2007,26(1):25～28.
[4]刘业凤,史钟璋,张吉光等.冰蓄冷空调系统优化控制的经济性分析[J].暖通空调, 1998,28(3):6～9.
[5]郭齐传,李育.冰蓄冷空调系统运行控制策略综述[J].福建建筑科技, 2003,(1): 41～43.
[6]今西正美,杉本猛.冰蓄热パッケ-ジエアコン[J].三菱电机技报,1993,67(4):391～395.
[7]宫本守也.氷蓄熱利用直膨式マルチエアコンシステム"シティマルチICE Y [J].三菱电机技报,1996,99(930):410.
[8]大代诚,相贺洋.个别分散型冰蓄热空调システムに関する研究:第2报冷媒过冷却型冰蓄热マルチエアコンのシミュレーショ[J].日本建筑学会大会学术讲演梗概集,1997:835～836.
[9]张永铨.日本蓄能空调发展简介[J].大众用电,2002,(10):18.
[10] Chen Sih-Li, Jwo Ching-Song etc.. Theoretical and experimental investigations of a packaged ice-storage air-conditioning system[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers,1997,18(5):445～457.
[11]张裕新,蔡尤溪,黄文庆. VRV储冰空调机之性能测试与研究[J].冷冻与空调,2002, (18):104～112.
[12]赵力,涂光备,李汛等.小型蓄冷空调系统的试验研究[J].暖通空调,1999, 29 (5): 44～46.
[13]周晓棠,李吉生,赵庆珠.户式冰蓄冷空调系统的研制与开发[J].暖通空调2001,31(4):10～12.
[14]周晓棠,李吉生,赵庆珠.冰蓄冷在家用空调中的应用研究[J].电力需求侧管理, 2001,3 (3):38～41.
[15]周晓棠,李吉生,赵庆珠.家用空调中冰蓄冷的应用与实验研究[J].制冷学报,2001, (3): 1～4.
[16]孙勇军,王惠龄.小型家用冰蓄冷空调优化运行试验研究[J].制冷与空调,2006,6 (5): 71～73.
[17]王少为,刘震炎,赵可可.小型复合空调器的研制与实验研究[J].制冷学报,2004, (2):17～20.
[18]方贵银,杨帆,邢琳.小型蓄冷空调系统性能研究[J].低温与特气, 2005, 23(1): 16～19.
[19]方贵银,徐锡斌.小型蓄冷空调系统研究[J].制冷, 2003, 22 (1): 5～8.
[20]方贵银,杨帆,邢琳.小型蓄冷空调系统循环效率研究[J].真空与低温, 2006, 12 (2): 83～86.
[21]肖洪海,张桃,黄玉优等.过冷式多模态冰蓄冷VRV多联节能空调机组设计[J].家电科技,2007,(11):58～59.
[22]肖洪海,黄玉优,樊华云等.过冷式数码多联蓄能机组的实验研究[J].暖通空调, 2008, 38(8):66～69.
[23]高清华,肖睿,何世辉等.直接蒸发内融冰式冰蓄冷空调蓄冰槽内的传热特性研究[J].流体机械,2008(11):56～61.
[24]何世辉,黄冲.直膨式冰蓄冷空调蓄冰过程的传热研究[J].四川建材, 2008, (4): 283～284.
[25]张华,唐君虞,张龙等.几种常用制冷剂的过冷制冷循环特性分析[J].家电科技, 2006, (3):42～43.
[26]刘红绍,肖传晶,张华.一种过冷型多联机冰蓄冷空调系统试验研究[J].制冷与空调, 2008, 8(1):69～71.
[27] Spethemann D.H.. Optimal Control for Cool Storage[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1989,95(1):1189-1193.
[28] Braun J E. A comparison of chiller-priority, storage-priority, and optimal control of an ice-storage system[J]. ASHRAE Transactions,1992,98(1):893~902.
[29] Drees, K.H., and Braun, J.E. Modeling and Control of Area Constrained Ice Storage Systems. Report No.:1796-2 HL 94-21. Johnson Controls, Inc.
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