变频多联机夏季变负荷性能及房间气流组织的研究
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摘要
目前我国正在大力推行节能减排政策,节约并有效利用能源迫在眉睫。而变频多联机由于其舒适、节能、维护简单等特点,也越来越得到广泛的应用。但是关于变频多联式空调系统变负荷特性的研究工作目前还不够深入,对该空调系统进行部分负荷特性的研究对系统优化、节能设计及运行方式研究具有重要的意义和价值。对采用变频多联式空调系统的房间气流组织研究有助于人们认识该空调系统的舒适性机理。
本文针对西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院办公楼的一套变频多联式空调系统进行了夏季不同部分负荷率下制冷剂液管的温度沿程变化的实验测试,并理论分析了夏季运行状况和能耗特性。文中理论计算了夏季制冷时不同部分负荷率下系统的能效比EER,结果表明变频多联式空调系统在50%-80%部分负荷率下运行时,其系统能效比EER较其他负荷率运行时高。并按照多联式空调(热泵)机组国家标准(GB/T18837-2002)中提供的计算方法,对变频多联式空调系统综合部分负荷性能系数IPLV进行了计算。
本文还利用英国Solartron公司的IMP数据采集系统对该办公大楼的一间办公房间夏季不同送风参数下室内温度场进行了实验测试,利用CFD对室内温度场和速度场进行了数值模拟。模拟分析的结果和测试结果吻合较好,结果表明,低风速时室内温度场分布较为均匀,室内工作区域的速度值都小于0.3m/s,满足规范要求。送风温度(即室内设定温度)较低时,室内工作区域内的温度较低,人体有明显的冷感；送风温度(即室内设定温度)较高时,室内工作区域内的温度分布较为均匀,满足夏季人体要求的舒适温度。
At present, energy-saving and emission reduction policies are implemented with great efforts in China, conservation and efficient use of energy is of great urgency. The variable refrigeration flow air conditioner(VRV) is widely used recently due to its merits such as energy saving, thermal comfort and easily maintainance, etc. However the studies on partial load characteristics of this system are far from satisfaction, which being very important for VRV system's optimization, energy-saving design and reasonable operation mode setting. The study on air distribution of the room by installed VRV air-conditioner would be valuable.
The temperature change curves along the refrigerant liquid pipe in summer were tested for an MDV system, which is installed in School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology. Furthermore, the variable load ratio characteristic of the system and energy cost perfomance were analized. The EER under different load for cooling mode was calculated, and the result shows that EER under the range of load ratio from 50% to 80% is higher than that under other load ratios. According to the national standard of the Multi-split air-conditioning (heat pump) unit (GB/T18837-2002), the IPLV of this system is also calculated.
The temperature distributions were measured under the different inletting parameters of an office in Xi'an with VRV air conditioning by data acquisition system of IMP of Solartron firm in Britain. The numerical simulations were also carried out for the above situation. The experimental results match well with the simulation results, which show that the indoor temperature field distribution is more uniform at low wind velocity, the wind velocity of indoor working area is less than 0.3m/s, which satisfy the standard requirement. When inletting temperature (namely indoor set temperature) is lower, the temperatures of indoor working area are lower, so people will feel cold obviously; When inletting temperature (namely indoor set temperature) is higher, the temperature distribution of indoor working area is more uniform, which meet the requirement of thermal comfort for people.
本文针对西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院办公楼的一套变频多联式空调系统进行了夏季不同部分负荷率下制冷剂液管的温度沿程变化的实验测试,并理论分析了夏季运行状况和能耗特性。文中理论计算了夏季制冷时不同部分负荷率下系统的能效比EER,结果表明变频多联式空调系统在50%-80%部分负荷率下运行时,其系统能效比EER较其他负荷率运行时高。并按照多联式空调(热泵)机组国家标准(GB/T18837-2002)中提供的计算方法,对变频多联式空调系统综合部分负荷性能系数IPLV进行了计算。
本文还利用英国Solartron公司的IMP数据采集系统对该办公大楼的一间办公房间夏季不同送风参数下室内温度场进行了实验测试,利用CFD对室内温度场和速度场进行了数值模拟。模拟分析的结果和测试结果吻合较好,结果表明,低风速时室内温度场分布较为均匀,室内工作区域的速度值都小于0.3m/s,满足规范要求。送风温度(即室内设定温度)较低时,室内工作区域内的温度较低,人体有明显的冷感；送风温度(即室内设定温度)较高时,室内工作区域内的温度分布较为均匀,满足夏季人体要求的舒适温度。
At present, energy-saving and emission reduction policies are implemented with great efforts in China, conservation and efficient use of energy is of great urgency. The variable refrigeration flow air conditioner(VRV) is widely used recently due to its merits such as energy saving, thermal comfort and easily maintainance, etc. However the studies on partial load characteristics of this system are far from satisfaction, which being very important for VRV system's optimization, energy-saving design and reasonable operation mode setting. The study on air distribution of the room by installed VRV air-conditioner would be valuable.
The temperature change curves along the refrigerant liquid pipe in summer were tested for an MDV system, which is installed in School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology. Furthermore, the variable load ratio characteristic of the system and energy cost perfomance were analized. The EER under different load for cooling mode was calculated, and the result shows that EER under the range of load ratio from 50% to 80% is higher than that under other load ratios. According to the national standard of the Multi-split air-conditioning (heat pump) unit (GB/T18837-2002), the IPLV of this system is also calculated.
The temperature distributions were measured under the different inletting parameters of an office in Xi'an with VRV air conditioning by data acquisition system of IMP of Solartron firm in Britain. The numerical simulations were also carried out for the above situation. The experimental results match well with the simulation results, which show that the indoor temperature field distribution is more uniform at low wind velocity, the wind velocity of indoor working area is less than 0.3m/s, which satisfy the standard requirement. When inletting temperature (namely indoor set temperature) is lower, the temperatures of indoor working area are lower, so people will feel cold obviously; When inletting temperature (namely indoor set temperature) is higher, the temperature distribution of indoor working area is more uniform, which meet the requirement of thermal comfort for people.
引文
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[2]Y.P. Zhou, J.Y. Wu, R.Z. Wang, S. Shiochi. Energy simulation in the variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning system under cooling conditions[J]. Energy and Buildings,2007,39 (2): 212-220.
[3]张智力,吴喜平.VRV空调系统的节能因素分析[J].能源技术,2002,23(2)：59-61.
[4]GB/T 18837-2002,多联式空调(热泵)机组[S].
[5]赵立影.变频多联空调系统供热变负荷特性及房间流场的研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2009.
[6]张思柱,龙惟定.VRV集中式空调系统的发展现状[J].制冷与空调,2006,6(6)：9-12.
[7]黄翔,主编.空调工程[M].机械工业出版社,2006.
[8]石文星,周德海,赵伟.关于多联机统一称谓的思考[J].暖通空调,2009,39(12)：42-48.
[9]《机电信息》杂志社调研组.2006年全国中央空调市场总结报告(第四部分)-多联式空调机组市场总结报告[J].机电信息,2007,(16)：8-20.
[10]S.A.Tassou. a simulation model of the transieni Performance of a heat PumP[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,1982,5 (3):176-184.
[11]Y.Naka.Shshima.Transieni heat pump behavior:a theoretical investigation[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration,1984,7 (2):123-131.
[12]J.M. Choi, Y.C. Kim. Capacity modulation of an inverter-driven multi-air conditioner using electronic expansion valve[J]. Energy,2003 (28):141-155.
[13]Youn Cheol Park, Young Chul Kim, Man-ki Min. Performance analysis on a multi-type inverter air conditioner[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2001 (42):1607-1621.
[14]Xia, E Winandy, B Georges, J Lebrun. Experimental analysis of the performances of variable refrigerant flow systems[J]. Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, London: Mar 2004. Vol.25, Iss.1:17-23.
[15]William Goetzler, Kurt W Roth, James Brodrick. Variable Flow and Volume Refrigerant System. ASHRAE Journal. New York:Jan 2004. Vol.46, Iss.1:164.
[16]邵双全,石文星,李先庭等.VRV空调系统特性与控制策略研究(三)——蒸发器-压缩机联合调节特性与控制策略[J].流体机械,2002,30：159-161.
[17]石文星.热回收型多元变制冷剂流量空调系统控制策略实验研究[J].暖通空调,2003,33(5)：46-50.
[18]邵双全,石文星,李先庭等.变频空调系统调节特性研究[Z].互联网：筑龙网 (http://www.zhulong.com/index.asp),2003.
[19]邵双全,石文星,李先庭等.电子膨胀阀与毛细管在变频空调系统中的性能分析[J].流体机械,2001,29(12)：41-43.
[20]周兴禧,陈武,夏清等.双联变频空调系统的动态特性研究[J].流体机械,2001,29(4)：53-56.
[21]陈武,周兴禧,夏清等.双联变频空调系统建模与控制方法仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2002,14(5)：643-646.
[22]周兴禧,武永强,邵渊等.双联变频空调系统建模与特性分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2002,36(11)：1675-1679.
[23]滕英武,薛卫华,刘传聚.大金变频控制热泵式VRV空调机组制冷运行特性的实验研究[J].制冷技术,2004(4)：9-12.
[24]薛卫华,刘传聚,陈沛霖.变频控制热泵式VRV空调机组冬季运行特性研究[J].节能技术,2000,18(103)：3-6.
[25]薛卫华,刘传聚,陈沛霖.热泵式VRV空调系统制热运行能耗及其影响因素分析[J].暖通空调,2001,31(4)：7-9.
[26]介鹏飞,李德英.VRV空调系统的节能性研究与应用[J].节能,2008,12(317)：19-21.
[27]宫赤宵.家用变频多联空调器性能检测初探[J].变频技术,2000,9：47-49.
[28]薛卫华,沈建芳,苏志军等.VRV空调系统与螺杆式风冷热泵空调系统全年能耗比较[J].制冷技术,2003,(4)：6-9.
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