不确定环境下制造车间生产物流瓶颈漂移预测方法研究
|
摘要
在现代制造模式下,生产过程中存在着大量的不确定性因素,导致物流瓶颈频繁漂移,使得以“原先瓶颈”为中心制定的生产计划和控制决策偏离实际生产过程。针对这种情况,目前主要采用事后调整方式优化生产过程以被动地适应瓶颈的动态变化。为实现由这种“追逐”瓶颈的事后生产过程控制模式向事前控制模式的转变,需要能够准确地预测瓶颈漂移的趋势。鉴于国内外对生产物流瓶颈漂移预测方法研究的欠缺,本文旨在研究不确定性环境下制造车间生产物流瓶颈漂移预测方法:首先从瓶颈漂移现象产生的原因出发,采用自上而下的思维方式,建立瓶颈漂移现象的概念模型,以分析瓶颈漂移因素,并采用时间能力因子、时间需求因子和质量保证能力因子对各种瓶颈漂移因素进行数字化描述;然后利用马尔可夫链描述各种瓶颈漂移因素的状态空间和转移概率,构建独立贡献矩阵和综合贡献矩阵,实现瓶颈漂移因素耦合机理的定量描述;提出综合瓶颈度概念以描述制造单元的瓶颈动态属性,建立包含瓶颈指数、瓶颈漂移指数和瓶颈漂移敏感指数的综合瓶颈度度量指标体系,在分析制造单元瓶颈动态属性的基础上,实现瓶颈漂移规律的科学描述;以综合瓶颈度为基础,构建生产物流瓶颈漂移预测模型,实现瓶颈动态变化的准确预测,为生产过程控制和优化提供决策支持和技术手段;最后,以安徽安凯福田曙光车桥有限公司装配生产线为例,验证该瓶颈漂移预测方法的有效性和实用性。
In modern manufacturing pattern, there are many uncertain factors in the manufacturing process, which cause production logistics bottleneck frequently shift, making decisions of production planning and control based on formed bottleneck deviate from practical production process. Aiming at this situation, present researches mainly apply afterwards control to optimize production process to passively adapt to bottleneck changes. If the direction of bottleneck shifting can be accurately forecasted, the transition from afterwards control of chasing bottleneck to beforehand control can be realized. As we know, there are a lot of deficiencies about the abroad and domestic research on prediction method about bottleneck shifting of production logistics, so this paper expatiates on prediction method about production logistics bottleneck shifting of manufacturing shop in uncertain environment:Firstly, starting from the cause of bottleneck shifting, adopting the mode of top-down thinking to build conceptual model about bottleneck shifting phenomenon, which is applied to analyze bottleneck shifting factors, then the digitized description of bottleneck shifting factors is conducted with time-capability factor ,time-requirement factor and quality assurance capability factor; secondly, Markov Chain is used for describing the state space and transition probability of different bottleneck shifting factors, independent contribution matrix and comprehensive contribution matrix are established to quantitatively describe the coupling mechanism of bottleneck shifting factors;thirdly,to realize scientific description of bottleneck shifting law based on analyzing dynamic property in bottleneck of manufacturing cell, the comprehensive bottleneck degree is proposed to depict dynamic property in bottleneck of manufacturing cell, and then measurement system including bottleneck index, bottleneck shifting index and bottleneck shifting sensitivity index is built; prediction model of production logistics bottleneck is founded to accurately forecast the dynamic changes of bottleneck based on comprehensive bottleneck degree; In the end, an example of an assembly line in ANHUI ANKAI FUTIAN SHUGUANG AXLE CO.,LTD is offered to verify the validity and practicability of the prediction method.
In modern manufacturing pattern, there are many uncertain factors in the manufacturing process, which cause production logistics bottleneck frequently shift, making decisions of production planning and control based on formed bottleneck deviate from practical production process. Aiming at this situation, present researches mainly apply afterwards control to optimize production process to passively adapt to bottleneck changes. If the direction of bottleneck shifting can be accurately forecasted, the transition from afterwards control of chasing bottleneck to beforehand control can be realized. As we know, there are a lot of deficiencies about the abroad and domestic research on prediction method about bottleneck shifting of production logistics, so this paper expatiates on prediction method about production logistics bottleneck shifting of manufacturing shop in uncertain environment:Firstly, starting from the cause of bottleneck shifting, adopting the mode of top-down thinking to build conceptual model about bottleneck shifting phenomenon, which is applied to analyze bottleneck shifting factors, then the digitized description of bottleneck shifting factors is conducted with time-capability factor ,time-requirement factor and quality assurance capability factor; secondly, Markov Chain is used for describing the state space and transition probability of different bottleneck shifting factors, independent contribution matrix and comprehensive contribution matrix are established to quantitatively describe the coupling mechanism of bottleneck shifting factors;thirdly,to realize scientific description of bottleneck shifting law based on analyzing dynamic property in bottleneck of manufacturing cell, the comprehensive bottleneck degree is proposed to depict dynamic property in bottleneck of manufacturing cell, and then measurement system including bottleneck index, bottleneck shifting index and bottleneck shifting sensitivity index is built; prediction model of production logistics bottleneck is founded to accurately forecast the dynamic changes of bottleneck based on comprehensive bottleneck degree; In the end, an example of an assembly line in ANHUI ANKAI FUTIAN SHUGUANG AXLE CO.,LTD is offered to verify the validity and practicability of the prediction method.
引文
[1]李培根.制造系统性能分析建模——理论与方法[M].武汉:中华理工大学出版社,1985.
[2]王之泰.现代物流管理[M].北京:中国工人出版社,2001.
[3]张晓萍,颜永年,吴耀华.现代生产物流及仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[4]王军强,张翠林,孙树栋,付平.MRP、JIT、TOC生产计划与控制比较研究[J].制造业自动化,2005,27(2),p.9~13,29.
[5] Blake N, Hellberg R. Relevance lost? A critical discussion of different cost accounting principles in connection with decision making for both short and long term production scheduling [J].International Journal of Production Economics, 1991, 24, p.1~18.
[6] Ronenb, Spectory. Managing system constraints: a cost/utilization approach [J].International Journal of Production Research, 1992, 30(9), p.2045~2061.
[7] Lawrence S R, Buss A H. Economic analysis of production bottleneck [J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 1995, 4 (1), p.341~363.
[8] John M.Konopka. Capacity Utilization Bottleneck Efficiency System-CUBES [J].IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology-Part A, 1995, 18 (3), p.484~491.
[9] Kuo Chih-Tsung, Lim Jong-Tae, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks in serial production lines: a systems approach [C]//the 35th Conference on Decision and Control, 1996, p.2751~2756.
[10] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bott1enecks in Markovian Production Lines: Identification and Application [C]//the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, 1998, p.4348~4349.
[11] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks in Markovian production lines: a systems approach [J]. IEEE Transaction Robotics and Automation, 1998, 14 (2), p.352~359.
[12] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. DT– bottlenecks in serial production lines: theory and application [J]. IEEE Transaction Robotics and Automation, 2000, 16 (5), p.567~580.
[13] LI Jing Shan, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks with respect to due- time performance in pull serial production lines [C]//2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, 2000, p.2635~2640.
[14] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. A Practical Bottleneck Detection Method [C]//Proceedings of the 2001 Winter Simulation Conference,Arlington, 2001, p.949~953.
[15] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. Shifting Bottleneck Detection [C]//Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, San Diego, 2002, p. 1079~1086.
[16] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. Comparison of Bottleneck Detection Methods for AGV Systems [C]//Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, New Orleans, 2003, p.1192~1198.
[17] Patrick Faget, U1f Eriksson, Frank Herrmana. Appling Discrete Event Simulation and an Automated Bottleneck Analysis as an Aid to Detect Running Production Constraints [C]//Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Orlando, 2005, p.1401~1407.
[18] C.Carl Pegels,Craig Watrous.Application of the theory of constraints to a bottleneck operation in a manufacturing plant [J].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 2005, 16(3), p.302~311.
[19] Chun-Lung Chen, Chuen-Lung Chen. A Heuristic Method for a Flexible Flow Line with Unrelated Parallel Machines Problem[C]//Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2006 IEEE Conference, 2006, p.1~4.
[20]施文武,严洪森.知识化制造系统中生产瓶颈的分析方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2),p.271~279.
[21]左燕,谷寒雨,席裕庚.大规模流水线调度的瓶颈分解算法研究[J].控制与决策,2006,21 (4),p.425~429.
[22]张怀,江志斌,郭乘涛.面向瓶颈的半导体晶圆制造系统派工策略及参数优化[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(8),p.1252~1257.
[23] ShiNung Ching, Semyon M. Meerkov, Liang Zhang.Assembly systems with non-exponential machines: Throughput and bottlenecks [J]. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 2008, 69 (31), p.911~917.
[24] Milton J. Acero-Domínguez, Carlos D. Paternina-Arboleda. Scheduling Jobs on a K_Stage Flexible Flow Shop Using a TOC-Based (Bottleneck) Procedure [C]//Proceeding of the 2004 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium, 2004, p.295~298.
[25]李黎,成晔,袁守华.基于瓶颈分析的优先权调度算法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,12(11),p.247~250.
[26]王军强,孙树栋,余建军,司书宾.基于约束理论和免疫算法的产品组合优化研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,12(11),p.247~250.
[27]车建国,何桢.基于TOC的离散生产系统改进[J].管理技术:组合机床与自动化加工技术,2005(12),p.101~102.
[28]周云霞,周敏.生产物流中的瓶颈辨识研究[J].物流科技,2005,28(120),p.11~15.
[29]高文会.约束理论的瓶颈识别研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2007,p.51~56.
[30] T. Ramesh Babu. K. S. P. Rao. C. Uma Maheshwaran.Application of TOC embedded ILP for increasing throughput of Production lines [J].International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2007, p.812~818.
[31] Lin Li, Qing Chang, Jun Ni, Guoxian Xiao, Stephan Biller. Bottleneck Detection of Manufacturing Systems Using Data Driven Method[C]// Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing, Michigan, 2007(7), p.22~25.
[32] Richard A. Reid. Applying the TOC five-step focusing process in the service sector-A banking subsystem[J].Managing Service Quality,2007,17 (2) ,p.209~234.
[33] Boaz Ronen, Martin K. Starr. Synchronized manufacturing as in OPT: From practice to theory [J].Computers Industrial Engineering, 1990, 18(4), p.585~600.
[34]刘文涛.基于生产网络瓶颈的重调度问题研究[D].北京:北京科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.11.
[35] Tomohito Nakata, Koichi Matsui, Yasuhisa Miyake, and Kyusaku Nishioka. Dynamic Bottleneck Control in Wide Variety Production Factory [J].IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing,1999, 12 (3), p.274~280.
[36]叶涛锋,韩文民.确定瓶颈资源的仿真方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版) ,2003,117(4),p.80~84.
[37]叶涛峰,韩文民.按订单生产方式下的瓶颈资源的确定[J].工业工程与管理,2003,6,p.51~54.
[38] Shiu Hong Choi, Feng Yu Yang. A filter search algorithm based on machine-order space for job-shop scheduling problems [J].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 2006, 17(3), p.376~392.
[39] Moss H K, Yu W B.Toward The estimation of bottleneck shiftiness in a manufacturing operation [J]. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1999, 40(2), p.53~58.
[40] Lu.Jiansha, Shen Miaomiao, Lan.Xiu ju Study of the Shifting Production Bottleneck: Possible Causes and Solution [C]//Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2006.SOLI '06. IEEE International Conference, 2006, p.684~688.
[41]王玉荣.瓶颈管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[42] C. T. Kuo, J. T. Lim and S. M. Meerkov, Bottlenecks in serial production lines: a system-theoretic approach [J].Mathematical Problem in Engineering, 1996, 2, p.233~276.
[43] Wu H H,Li R K.Capacity constraint resource wandering and its behavior in a production plant [J]. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineering, 1995, 12(1), p.63~69.
[44] UMBLE M M, SRIKANTH M L. Synchronous manufacturing: principle for world class excellence [M].Cincinnati: South-Western Pulishing, 1990.
[45]吴国林.论知识的不确定性[J].学习与探索,2002(1),p.14~18.
[46]张凤琴.不确定制造环境下的机械产品选配方法及其应用[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.5.
[47]徐震号,顾幸生.不确定条件下的flow Shop问题的免疫调度算法[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(4),p.374~380.
[48]韩之俊,张渭基.质量工程学——线外、线内质量管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[49]赵琳琳.灰色马氏链预测方法及其在水文序列中的应用研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2007.3.
[50]杜学樵,惠军.随机过程[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2006.
[51]张建国,雷雨龙等.基于BP神经网络的换档品质评价方法[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(5),p.1019~1022.
[52]汪镭,周国兴等.人工神经网络理论在控制领域中的应用综述[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(3),p.357~361.
[53]飞思科技产品研发中心.神经网络理论与MATLAB 7实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[54]苏伟,刘景双,李方.BP神经网络在水资源承载能力预测中的应用[J].水利水电技术,2007,38 (11),p.1~4.
[55]杨宏安,孙树栋,王荪馨.一种动态识别瓶颈机床的启发算法[J].制造业自动化,2006,28 (9),p.21~24.
[56]杨宏安,孙树栋等.一种求解Job shop调度的变量排序启发算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,13,p. 6~8.
[57]杨宏安,孙树栋.基于约束满足的Job-Shop调度算法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(31),p.36~37.
[58]杨宏安,孙树栋等.基于CSP的Job-Shop调度算法研究[J].系统工程,2004,22(11),p.15~18.
[59]马义中,李言俊.多元质量特性过程能力的一种评价方法[J].系统工程,2002,20(1),p.77~81.
[60]王少熙,贾新章.多变量工序能力指数[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,7,p.129~133.
[2]王之泰.现代物流管理[M].北京:中国工人出版社,2001.
[3]张晓萍,颜永年,吴耀华.现代生产物流及仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[4]王军强,张翠林,孙树栋,付平.MRP、JIT、TOC生产计划与控制比较研究[J].制造业自动化,2005,27(2),p.9~13,29.
[5] Blake N, Hellberg R. Relevance lost? A critical discussion of different cost accounting principles in connection with decision making for both short and long term production scheduling [J].International Journal of Production Economics, 1991, 24, p.1~18.
[6] Ronenb, Spectory. Managing system constraints: a cost/utilization approach [J].International Journal of Production Research, 1992, 30(9), p.2045~2061.
[7] Lawrence S R, Buss A H. Economic analysis of production bottleneck [J].Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 1995, 4 (1), p.341~363.
[8] John M.Konopka. Capacity Utilization Bottleneck Efficiency System-CUBES [J].IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology-Part A, 1995, 18 (3), p.484~491.
[9] Kuo Chih-Tsung, Lim Jong-Tae, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks in serial production lines: a systems approach [C]//the 35th Conference on Decision and Control, 1996, p.2751~2756.
[10] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bott1enecks in Markovian Production Lines: Identification and Application [C]//the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, 1998, p.4348~4349.
[11] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks in Markovian production lines: a systems approach [J]. IEEE Transaction Robotics and Automation, 1998, 14 (2), p.352~359.
[12] Chiang .S.-Y, Kuo Chih-Tsung, Meerkova Semyon. M. DT– bottlenecks in serial production lines: theory and application [J]. IEEE Transaction Robotics and Automation, 2000, 16 (5), p.567~580.
[13] LI Jing Shan, Meerkova Semyon. M. Bottlenecks with respect to due- time performance in pull serial production lines [C]//2000 IEEE International Conference on Robotics & Automation, 2000, p.2635~2640.
[14] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. A Practical Bottleneck Detection Method [C]//Proceedings of the 2001 Winter Simulation Conference,Arlington, 2001, p.949~953.
[15] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. Shifting Bottleneck Detection [C]//Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, San Diego, 2002, p. 1079~1086.
[16] Christoph Roser, Masaru Nakano, Minoru Tanaka. Comparison of Bottleneck Detection Methods for AGV Systems [C]//Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, New Orleans, 2003, p.1192~1198.
[17] Patrick Faget, U1f Eriksson, Frank Herrmana. Appling Discrete Event Simulation and an Automated Bottleneck Analysis as an Aid to Detect Running Production Constraints [C]//Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, Orlando, 2005, p.1401~1407.
[18] C.Carl Pegels,Craig Watrous.Application of the theory of constraints to a bottleneck operation in a manufacturing plant [J].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 2005, 16(3), p.302~311.
[19] Chun-Lung Chen, Chuen-Lung Chen. A Heuristic Method for a Flexible Flow Line with Unrelated Parallel Machines Problem[C]//Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2006 IEEE Conference, 2006, p.1~4.
[20]施文武,严洪森.知识化制造系统中生产瓶颈的分析方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2),p.271~279.
[21]左燕,谷寒雨,席裕庚.大规模流水线调度的瓶颈分解算法研究[J].控制与决策,2006,21 (4),p.425~429.
[22]张怀,江志斌,郭乘涛.面向瓶颈的半导体晶圆制造系统派工策略及参数优化[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(8),p.1252~1257.
[23] ShiNung Ching, Semyon M. Meerkov, Liang Zhang.Assembly systems with non-exponential machines: Throughput and bottlenecks [J]. Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications, 2008, 69 (31), p.911~917.
[24] Milton J. Acero-Domínguez, Carlos D. Paternina-Arboleda. Scheduling Jobs on a K_Stage Flexible Flow Shop Using a TOC-Based (Bottleneck) Procedure [C]//Proceeding of the 2004 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium, 2004, p.295~298.
[25]李黎,成晔,袁守华.基于瓶颈分析的优先权调度算法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,12(11),p.247~250.
[26]王军强,孙树栋,余建军,司书宾.基于约束理论和免疫算法的产品组合优化研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005,12(11),p.247~250.
[27]车建国,何桢.基于TOC的离散生产系统改进[J].管理技术:组合机床与自动化加工技术,2005(12),p.101~102.
[28]周云霞,周敏.生产物流中的瓶颈辨识研究[J].物流科技,2005,28(120),p.11~15.
[29]高文会.约束理论的瓶颈识别研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2007,p.51~56.
[30] T. Ramesh Babu. K. S. P. Rao. C. Uma Maheshwaran.Application of TOC embedded ILP for increasing throughput of Production lines [J].International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, 2007, p.812~818.
[31] Lin Li, Qing Chang, Jun Ni, Guoxian Xiao, Stephan Biller. Bottleneck Detection of Manufacturing Systems Using Data Driven Method[C]// Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing, Michigan, 2007(7), p.22~25.
[32] Richard A. Reid. Applying the TOC five-step focusing process in the service sector-A banking subsystem[J].Managing Service Quality,2007,17 (2) ,p.209~234.
[33] Boaz Ronen, Martin K. Starr. Synchronized manufacturing as in OPT: From practice to theory [J].Computers Industrial Engineering, 1990, 18(4), p.585~600.
[34]刘文涛.基于生产网络瓶颈的重调度问题研究[D].北京:北京科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.11.
[35] Tomohito Nakata, Koichi Matsui, Yasuhisa Miyake, and Kyusaku Nishioka. Dynamic Bottleneck Control in Wide Variety Production Factory [J].IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing,1999, 12 (3), p.274~280.
[36]叶涛锋,韩文民.确定瓶颈资源的仿真方法研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报(自然科学版) ,2003,117(4),p.80~84.
[37]叶涛峰,韩文民.按订单生产方式下的瓶颈资源的确定[J].工业工程与管理,2003,6,p.51~54.
[38] Shiu Hong Choi, Feng Yu Yang. A filter search algorithm based on machine-order space for job-shop scheduling problems [J].Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 2006, 17(3), p.376~392.
[39] Moss H K, Yu W B.Toward The estimation of bottleneck shiftiness in a manufacturing operation [J]. Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1999, 40(2), p.53~58.
[40] Lu.Jiansha, Shen Miaomiao, Lan.Xiu ju Study of the Shifting Production Bottleneck: Possible Causes and Solution [C]//Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2006.SOLI '06. IEEE International Conference, 2006, p.684~688.
[41]王玉荣.瓶颈管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[42] C. T. Kuo, J. T. Lim and S. M. Meerkov, Bottlenecks in serial production lines: a system-theoretic approach [J].Mathematical Problem in Engineering, 1996, 2, p.233~276.
[43] Wu H H,Li R K.Capacity constraint resource wandering and its behavior in a production plant [J]. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineering, 1995, 12(1), p.63~69.
[44] UMBLE M M, SRIKANTH M L. Synchronous manufacturing: principle for world class excellence [M].Cincinnati: South-Western Pulishing, 1990.
[45]吴国林.论知识的不确定性[J].学习与探索,2002(1),p.14~18.
[46]张凤琴.不确定制造环境下的机械产品选配方法及其应用[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2007.5.
[47]徐震号,顾幸生.不确定条件下的flow Shop问题的免疫调度算法[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(4),p.374~380.
[48]韩之俊,张渭基.质量工程学——线外、线内质量管理[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[49]赵琳琳.灰色马氏链预测方法及其在水文序列中的应用研究[D].河海大学硕士学位论文,2007.3.
[50]杜学樵,惠军.随机过程[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2006.
[51]张建国,雷雨龙等.基于BP神经网络的换档品质评价方法[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(5),p.1019~1022.
[52]汪镭,周国兴等.人工神经网络理论在控制领域中的应用综述[J].同济大学学报,2001,29(3),p.357~361.
[53]飞思科技产品研发中心.神经网络理论与MATLAB 7实现[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[54]苏伟,刘景双,李方.BP神经网络在水资源承载能力预测中的应用[J].水利水电技术,2007,38 (11),p.1~4.
[55]杨宏安,孙树栋,王荪馨.一种动态识别瓶颈机床的启发算法[J].制造业自动化,2006,28 (9),p.21~24.
[56]杨宏安,孙树栋等.一种求解Job shop调度的变量排序启发算法[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,13,p. 6~8.
[57]杨宏安,孙树栋.基于约束满足的Job-Shop调度算法研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,39(31),p.36~37.
[58]杨宏安,孙树栋等.基于CSP的Job-Shop调度算法研究[J].系统工程,2004,22(11),p.15~18.
[59]马义中,李言俊.多元质量特性过程能力的一种评价方法[J].系统工程,2002,20(1),p.77~81.
[60]王少熙,贾新章.多变量工序能力指数[J].系统工程理论与实践,2006,7,p.129~133.