桁架拱桥“释能法”加固技术研究
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摘要
桁架拱桥是一种具有水平推力的桁式拱形桥,是拱桥的一种形式。以其相对于其他桥型具有自重轻、施工简单、造价低廉等突出优点,近些年来得到迅速的发展。但是在桁架拱桥的使用、推广过程中发现,已建成的桁架拱桥在下弦杆拱脚处出现横向裂缝和弦杆端部节点出现裂缝,特别近10年来交通量大而且超载车辆比例大,造成桁架竖向变形量大,使横向联系的梁、杆、板出现竖向裂缝,甚至断裂。尤其是近年来越来越多的桁架拱桥进入危桥的行列,多数已控制交通,影响了当地交通运输的发展。可见,及时地对这类病危桁架拱桥进行加固维修已到了刻不容缓的地步。然而,就目前传统的旧桥加固与维修方法对桁架拱桥来说,多数情况下所起的作用是相当有限的,且在桁架拱桥加固方法的研究方面,成果寥寥无几。随着“释能法”加固技术的深入研究和在多座桥梁的加固当中成功的运用,“释能法”加固技术越来越被人们所认可。因此,对桁架拱桥“释能法”加固技术进行研究具有重要的意义。
作者首先依据设计施工图纸,利用采用MIDAS/Civil7.0.0分析软件,建立贵州省牛鼻溪大桥平面有限元模型,模拟其施工过程,并进行恒载、活载及荷载组合作用下的静力分析,得出桁架拱桥病害和缺陷产生的主要原因是桥型体系本身存在先天缺陷,过分追求技术指标的经济性,致使很多情况下桥垮结构局部构件强度不能满足设计要求,安全储备较低,结构耐久性较差。
接着本文通过对传统桁架拱桥加固方法的思考,结合“释能法”加固拱桥的力学原理以及桁架拱桥主要病害和缺陷产生的原因,提出了加固桁架拱桥必须从改变桥型结构入手,进行体系转换,向传统拱桥回归的“释能法”加固思路和方案,并分析了桁架拱桥采用“释能法”加固的可行性。
然后作者对桁架拱桥“释能法”加固后计算模式和计算方法进行了分析,提出了桁架拱桥“释能法”加固后合适的计算模型、方法及原则,并对其加固技术途径和施工工艺进行了分析。
论文最后以牛鼻溪大桥为加固应用实例,建立“释能法”加固后牛鼻溪大桥的平面及实体有限元模型,并对其静力及动力性能进行分析。同时为了评估牛鼻溪大桥的加固效果,明确桥梁的实际承载能力,保证桥梁的正常运营的安全,为大桥的运营管理提供技术依据,贵州省公路局委托上海同济建设工程质量检测站和贵州路达公路试验检测技术有限责任公司对加固后的牛鼻溪桥的承载能力进行了评估。在进行的牛鼻溪大桥的静载试验中,根据静载试验效率的要求及主要控制截面的设计内力,得出:牛鼻溪大桥采用“释能法”加固后能够满足公路-Ⅱ级的强度要求,且安全储备较大;主拱圈的刚度能够满足加固设计要求,结构的实际抗力大于设计要求与理论计算值;各控制荷载卸载后的结构相对残余应变和相对残余挠度均满足规程要求。这些加固后桥梁性能的提高再一次证明了桁架拱桥“释能法”加固是可行的。
The trussed arch bridge is an arch bridge with the level trust truss bridge. Compared with other traditional truss bridge, it is light weight and cost less, as well as benefits, so it had developed rapidly in these years. However, the use of trussed arch bridge to promote the process discovered that the trussed arch bridge has been built at the foot lower boom with horizontal cracks and appeared rod tip chord nodes cracks ,Especially in the past 10 years , traffic volume and the proportion of large vehicles are arising, so it is the reason that truss vertical deformation of a large amount of contact and the beam horizontal, rod, plate vertical cracks appear, and even some bridges even had been demolished, Especially in recent years more and more trussed arch bridges bring to enter the ranks of dangerous bridges, majority of traffics have been controlled, which limited the development of local transport .majority of traffics have been controlled, which limited the development of local transport. Clearly, such a timely manner to the critically dangerous trussed arch bridge maintenance has been reinforcement of no delay now. However, the current traditional old bridge strengthening and maintenance methods of trussed arch bridge have played rather limited role in most cases. And research results in trussed arch bridge reinforcement are very few. With the in-depth study of energy-released method reinforcement technology and more successful bridge reinforcement uses, energy-released method reinforcement technology has been recognized by more and more people. So, it is of great significance to study energy-released method reinforcement technology.
First, based on the first design and construction drawing, using MIDAS/Civil7.0.0 analysis software, establishing plane finite element model of Niu bixi bridge in Guizhou province to simulate the construction process, and through static analysis under constant load, the live load and load combinations, the author reached the result that the main reasons why diseases and deficiencies appear in trussed arch bridge are the type of the bridge system itself birth defects, excessive pursuit of technical indicators for the economy, these caused many cases of partial bridge collapse component strength can not meet the requirements of design, safety reserves low, structure durability poor.
Second, through thinking of traditional trussed arch bridge reinforcement methods, and combining the reinforcement mechanics to arch bridges of "energy-released method" and the main diseases and deficiencies causes of trussed arch bridge , this paper put forward energy-released method reinforcement ideas and plans that if we want to reinforce trussed arch bridge effectively, we must start with the structure, change system conversion, and then make it return to traditional arch bridge. Also, this paper analyzed the feasibility of using energy-released method to reinforce trussed arch bridge.
Then, through the analysis to trussed arch bridge reinforced computing model and calculation method of energy-released method, the author given the suitable reinforced model, method and principle, and its reinforcement technology ways and construction technology were analyzed.
Lastly, the author took Niu bixi bridge’s reinforcement for application example, established reinforced plane and finite element model of energy-released method, and analyzed its static and dynamic performances for a practice example . At the same time in order to assess the reinforcing effect of the bridge, clear the actual carrying capacity of bridges to ensure the normal operation of a bridge safety, as the bridge of the operation and management to provide technical basis, the Highway Bureau of Guizhou Province commissioned Shanghai Tongji Construction engineering quality inspection stations and Guizhou highway road test Detect technology limited liability company carry out an assessment on the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced bridge. During the static load tests of the reinforced Niu bixi bridge, according with the requirements of efficiency in static load test and the main control section of the design of internal forces, it come to: the reinforced Niu bixi bridge in energy-released method is able to meet the road-Ⅱclass strength requirements, and security reserve are larger ; the main arch ring stiffness can meet the design requirements for reinforcement, the structure of the actual resistance is greater than the design requirements with the theoretical values; the control structure after unloading load relative residual strain and relative residual deflection are the requirements to meet the order. And it is proved once again that the consolidation that trussed arch bridge reinforced by energy-released method is feasible.
作者首先依据设计施工图纸,利用采用MIDAS/Civil7.0.0分析软件,建立贵州省牛鼻溪大桥平面有限元模型,模拟其施工过程,并进行恒载、活载及荷载组合作用下的静力分析,得出桁架拱桥病害和缺陷产生的主要原因是桥型体系本身存在先天缺陷,过分追求技术指标的经济性,致使很多情况下桥垮结构局部构件强度不能满足设计要求,安全储备较低,结构耐久性较差。
接着本文通过对传统桁架拱桥加固方法的思考,结合“释能法”加固拱桥的力学原理以及桁架拱桥主要病害和缺陷产生的原因,提出了加固桁架拱桥必须从改变桥型结构入手,进行体系转换,向传统拱桥回归的“释能法”加固思路和方案,并分析了桁架拱桥采用“释能法”加固的可行性。
然后作者对桁架拱桥“释能法”加固后计算模式和计算方法进行了分析,提出了桁架拱桥“释能法”加固后合适的计算模型、方法及原则,并对其加固技术途径和施工工艺进行了分析。
论文最后以牛鼻溪大桥为加固应用实例,建立“释能法”加固后牛鼻溪大桥的平面及实体有限元模型,并对其静力及动力性能进行分析。同时为了评估牛鼻溪大桥的加固效果,明确桥梁的实际承载能力,保证桥梁的正常运营的安全,为大桥的运营管理提供技术依据,贵州省公路局委托上海同济建设工程质量检测站和贵州路达公路试验检测技术有限责任公司对加固后的牛鼻溪桥的承载能力进行了评估。在进行的牛鼻溪大桥的静载试验中,根据静载试验效率的要求及主要控制截面的设计内力,得出:牛鼻溪大桥采用“释能法”加固后能够满足公路-Ⅱ级的强度要求,且安全储备较大;主拱圈的刚度能够满足加固设计要求,结构的实际抗力大于设计要求与理论计算值;各控制荷载卸载后的结构相对残余应变和相对残余挠度均满足规程要求。这些加固后桥梁性能的提高再一次证明了桁架拱桥“释能法”加固是可行的。
The trussed arch bridge is an arch bridge with the level trust truss bridge. Compared with other traditional truss bridge, it is light weight and cost less, as well as benefits, so it had developed rapidly in these years. However, the use of trussed arch bridge to promote the process discovered that the trussed arch bridge has been built at the foot lower boom with horizontal cracks and appeared rod tip chord nodes cracks ,Especially in the past 10 years , traffic volume and the proportion of large vehicles are arising, so it is the reason that truss vertical deformation of a large amount of contact and the beam horizontal, rod, plate vertical cracks appear, and even some bridges even had been demolished, Especially in recent years more and more trussed arch bridges bring to enter the ranks of dangerous bridges, majority of traffics have been controlled, which limited the development of local transport .majority of traffics have been controlled, which limited the development of local transport. Clearly, such a timely manner to the critically dangerous trussed arch bridge maintenance has been reinforcement of no delay now. However, the current traditional old bridge strengthening and maintenance methods of trussed arch bridge have played rather limited role in most cases. And research results in trussed arch bridge reinforcement are very few. With the in-depth study of energy-released method reinforcement technology and more successful bridge reinforcement uses, energy-released method reinforcement technology has been recognized by more and more people. So, it is of great significance to study energy-released method reinforcement technology.
First, based on the first design and construction drawing, using MIDAS/Civil7.0.0 analysis software, establishing plane finite element model of Niu bixi bridge in Guizhou province to simulate the construction process, and through static analysis under constant load, the live load and load combinations, the author reached the result that the main reasons why diseases and deficiencies appear in trussed arch bridge are the type of the bridge system itself birth defects, excessive pursuit of technical indicators for the economy, these caused many cases of partial bridge collapse component strength can not meet the requirements of design, safety reserves low, structure durability poor.
Second, through thinking of traditional trussed arch bridge reinforcement methods, and combining the reinforcement mechanics to arch bridges of "energy-released method" and the main diseases and deficiencies causes of trussed arch bridge , this paper put forward energy-released method reinforcement ideas and plans that if we want to reinforce trussed arch bridge effectively, we must start with the structure, change system conversion, and then make it return to traditional arch bridge. Also, this paper analyzed the feasibility of using energy-released method to reinforce trussed arch bridge.
Then, through the analysis to trussed arch bridge reinforced computing model and calculation method of energy-released method, the author given the suitable reinforced model, method and principle, and its reinforcement technology ways and construction technology were analyzed.
Lastly, the author took Niu bixi bridge’s reinforcement for application example, established reinforced plane and finite element model of energy-released method, and analyzed its static and dynamic performances for a practice example . At the same time in order to assess the reinforcing effect of the bridge, clear the actual carrying capacity of bridges to ensure the normal operation of a bridge safety, as the bridge of the operation and management to provide technical basis, the Highway Bureau of Guizhou Province commissioned Shanghai Tongji Construction engineering quality inspection stations and Guizhou highway road test Detect technology limited liability company carry out an assessment on the load-bearing capacity of the reinforced bridge. During the static load tests of the reinforced Niu bixi bridge, according with the requirements of efficiency in static load test and the main control section of the design of internal forces, it come to: the reinforced Niu bixi bridge in energy-released method is able to meet the road-Ⅱclass strength requirements, and security reserve are larger ; the main arch ring stiffness can meet the design requirements for reinforcement, the structure of the actual resistance is greater than the design requirements with the theoretical values; the control structure after unloading load relative residual strain and relative residual deflection are the requirements to meet the order. And it is proved once again that the consolidation that trussed arch bridge reinforced by energy-released method is feasible.
引文
[1]《中国公路》编辑部.加强旧危桥改造刻不容缓.北京:中国公路,2001(4)
[2]孙海涛.大跨度钢桁架拱桥关键问题研究[D].同济大学, 2007
[3]孙小艳,莫喜晶.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥病害分析及加固技术.重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版-2008年B11期
[4]贵州省交通科学研究院.贵州省境内桁架拱桥调研报告,2006
[5]贵州省桥梁设计院.牛鼻溪大桥设计文件.1982
[6]黄小平韦忠胜.盐津河大桥病害分析及加固.公路,2006.2,(2)
[7]蒙云.“释能法”加固拱桥成套技术研究报告,2006
[8]蒙云.桥梁加固与改造.重庆大学出版社,1989.1
[9]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程.高等教育出版社,2002.8
[10]戚志河.释能拱结构计算原理、模型及方法的研究.重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.4
[11]重庆庆乐蒙建筑结构补强有限责任公司.贵州省安顺市小兴浪危桥抢险加固设计施工图纸,2006.7
[12]李廉锟.结构力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996
[13]范立础.桥梁工程(下册).北京:人民交通出版社,1979.12
[14]何小明,胡金寿.浅谈公路桁架拱桥的加固技术浙江交通科技-2004年1期
[15]谌润水.旧桥加固与桥梁建设可持续发展.《第二届亚太可持续发展与环境技术大会论文集》.人民交通出版社,2000.3
[16]郭书娟,蒙云.粘贴钢板法加固牛鼻溪桥应用研究.内蒙古公路与运输-2008年5期
[17] Chan,H.Y.,Melchers,R.E.,Time-dependent resistance deterioration in Probabilis ticstructural systems. Civil Engineering System, Vol.12,1995, p115-132
[18] Enright, Michael P.Frangopol, Dan M.Condition prediction of deteriorating concrete bridges using Bayesian updating. Journal of Structure Engineering Vol.125,No.10,1999
[19]李承文,王振领.桁架拱桥的安全评估.四川建筑-2006年4期
[21]钟晓林,谭学民.某桁架拱桥加固后静力试验分析.广州建筑-2006年2期
[22]唐煦明,彭泽强.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥检测及承载能力评估.广西城镇建设-2006年2期
[23]刘海祥,刘勇.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥的病害及维修.市政技术-2006年2期
[24]蒙云,艾吉人,乔墩.预防为先,标本兼治-谈桥梁加固改造的科学管理和技术发展.中国公路建设市场专刊.2004(2).61-63
[25]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[26]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[27]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路圬工桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[28]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构加固设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[29]湖南省交通规划勘查设计研究院.拱上构造联合作用简化计算法.省交通设计院公路工程通讯21期
[30] Clemente.P.Introduction to dynamics of stone arches[J].Earthquake Engn.Struct.Dyn,1998(5)
[31] Malcolm Fletcher. Orwell Bridge: UK’SLargest Prestressed Concrete Span. Concrete International,1969
[32] Zhihao Lu, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami. Applicability of pushover analysis-based seismic performance evaluation procedure for steel arch bridges. Engineering Structures, 2004.
[33] SALANE H J. Identification of model properties of bridge.[J] Journal of structural engineering,1990,116(7)
[2]孙海涛.大跨度钢桁架拱桥关键问题研究[D].同济大学, 2007
[3]孙小艳,莫喜晶.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥病害分析及加固技术.重庆交通大学学报:自然科学版-2008年B11期
[4]贵州省交通科学研究院.贵州省境内桁架拱桥调研报告,2006
[5]贵州省桥梁设计院.牛鼻溪大桥设计文件.1982
[6]黄小平韦忠胜.盐津河大桥病害分析及加固.公路,2006.2,(2)
[7]蒙云.“释能法”加固拱桥成套技术研究报告,2006
[8]蒙云.桥梁加固与改造.重庆大学出版社,1989.1
[9]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程.高等教育出版社,2002.8
[10]戚志河.释能拱结构计算原理、模型及方法的研究.重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2007.4
[11]重庆庆乐蒙建筑结构补强有限责任公司.贵州省安顺市小兴浪危桥抢险加固设计施工图纸,2006.7
[12]李廉锟.结构力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996
[13]范立础.桥梁工程(下册).北京:人民交通出版社,1979.12
[14]何小明,胡金寿.浅谈公路桁架拱桥的加固技术浙江交通科技-2004年1期
[15]谌润水.旧桥加固与桥梁建设可持续发展.《第二届亚太可持续发展与环境技术大会论文集》.人民交通出版社,2000.3
[16]郭书娟,蒙云.粘贴钢板法加固牛鼻溪桥应用研究.内蒙古公路与运输-2008年5期
[17] Chan,H.Y.,Melchers,R.E.,Time-dependent resistance deterioration in Probabilis ticstructural systems. Civil Engineering System, Vol.12,1995, p115-132
[18] Enright, Michael P.Frangopol, Dan M.Condition prediction of deteriorating concrete bridges using Bayesian updating. Journal of Structure Engineering Vol.125,No.10,1999
[19]李承文,王振领.桁架拱桥的安全评估.四川建筑-2006年4期
[21]钟晓林,谭学民.某桁架拱桥加固后静力试验分析.广州建筑-2006年2期
[22]唐煦明,彭泽强.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥检测及承载能力评估.广西城镇建设-2006年2期
[23]刘海祥,刘勇.钢筋混凝土桁架拱桥的病害及维修.市政技术-2006年2期
[24]蒙云,艾吉人,乔墩.预防为先,标本兼治-谈桥梁加固改造的科学管理和技术发展.中国公路建设市场专刊.2004(2).61-63
[25]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路桥涵设计通用规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[26]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[27]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路圬工桥涵设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[28]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构加固设计规范.北京:人民交通出版社,2006
[29]湖南省交通规划勘查设计研究院.拱上构造联合作用简化计算法.省交通设计院公路工程通讯21期
[30] Clemente.P.Introduction to dynamics of stone arches[J].Earthquake Engn.Struct.Dyn,1998(5)
[31] Malcolm Fletcher. Orwell Bridge: UK’SLargest Prestressed Concrete Span. Concrete International,1969
[32] Zhihao Lu, Hanbin Ge, Tsutomu Usami. Applicability of pushover analysis-based seismic performance evaluation procedure for steel arch bridges. Engineering Structures, 2004.
[33] SALANE H J. Identification of model properties of bridge.[J] Journal of structural engineering,1990,116(7)