三元复合驱油井管道超声波除垢技术研究
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摘要
石油工业生产过程中,随着原油长输管道的长时间运行,都存在不同程度的结垢,尤其三元复合驱结垢状况更是严重,给油田生产造成严重危害,垢的存在越来越成为制约油田高效益、低投入、快速发展的关键因素之一。为了保证油田的稳产、增产,如何合理有效地防垢、除垢,已经成为油田开发中不容忽视的一项需要解决的现实问题。
本文结合大庆油田的三元复合驱采油生产过程中出现的问题,对三元复合驱管道内垢样成分和成垢机理进行分析和研究,发现三元复合驱垢的成分与水驱、聚合物驱的垢的成分不同,主要由非晶质的二氧化硅、硅酸盐垢、碳酸盐垢所构成,垢质致密、坚硬,难以清除,其成垢机理是井下地层受三元复合驱体系中的碱的侵蚀,导致地层中含有的大量硅酸盐被溶解,三元采出液中硅离子浓度随PH值增加而增加,管道内出现严重的结垢现象；针对三元复合驱结垢问题,提出一种物理除垢新方法,即超声波除垢法；并对超声波防垢、除垢的机理进行分析和研究,超声波具有空化效应、机械剪切等效应能够将沉积在管道内的垢击碎、分解并防止小颗粒聚集,能抑制垢晶体的长大,机械剪切效应对管道内壁具有清洗作用,破坏垢的沉积条件等,可以有效的除垢、除垢。对超声波振动系统的工作原理和性能进行研究,研究设计了磁致伸缩超声波换能器、换能器振子的设计、振幅杆的设计与仿真；对磁致伸缩超声波换能器的驱动电路进行研究、设计；对设计的磁致伸缩超声波换能器进行加工制造；对设计的超声波除垢装置进行现场安装实验。
现场实验结果表明所设计的超声波除垢装置对于清除沉积在管道内壁的垢具有良好的效果,除垢率能达到95%以上,而且对垢在管道内壁上的沉积也有很好的预防效果。
In the crude oil industry production process, With long time running of crude oil pipelines, there are different levels of scale, especially, asp flooding scaling condition is more serious, which cause serious harm to the oil field production. The existence of scale increasingly becomes one of the key factors, which constraint to oil field high efficiency, low investment and rapid development In order to ensure stable and yield of oil fields, how to reasonably effective anti-scaling and cleaning, which has become a very important solved practical issues in the oil field development.
In this paper, ASP flooding in Daqing oil field has problems in the oil production process, the study and analysis of composition of scale sample and the fouling mechanism in ASP flooding the pipeline, finding that the composition of ASP flooding scale and water flooding, polymer flooding scale is different. They are composing of the amorphous silica, silicate scale and carbonate scale, quality scale dense, hard, and difficult to remove. The fouling mechanism:Due to the underground strata by asp flooding system of alkali erosion, a large number of silicates in strata were dissolved. Concentration of silicon in ASP Produced fluid increases with the pH value. Pipelines appear serious scaling phenomenon; scaling problem for ASP flooding, proposing a new method of physical cleaning scale, which is ultrasonic eliminating scale; And study and analysis of ultrasonic anti-scaling and fouling mechanism. Ultrasonic has the effect of cavitations and mechanical shear. They can break down, decompose the scale deposited in the pipe, and prevent the aggregation of small particles and Scale crystal growth. Mechanical shear has a cleaning effect for the pipe wall; destruction of the scale deposited. They can effectively cleaning scale. The study of Ultrasonic transducer working principle and properties, the research and design of the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer, including the design transducer oscillator, the design and simulation of amplitude stem; the research and design of the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer drive circuit; Manufacturing the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer; Doing on-site installation experiments for ultrasonic cleaning scale devices designed.
Field experimental results show that ultrasonic cleaning device designed for removing the scale deposited on the pipe wall has a good effect;cleaning rate can reach 95%, and on the scale deposited on the inner wall of the pipeline are also good preventive effect.
本文结合大庆油田的三元复合驱采油生产过程中出现的问题,对三元复合驱管道内垢样成分和成垢机理进行分析和研究,发现三元复合驱垢的成分与水驱、聚合物驱的垢的成分不同,主要由非晶质的二氧化硅、硅酸盐垢、碳酸盐垢所构成,垢质致密、坚硬,难以清除,其成垢机理是井下地层受三元复合驱体系中的碱的侵蚀,导致地层中含有的大量硅酸盐被溶解,三元采出液中硅离子浓度随PH值增加而增加,管道内出现严重的结垢现象；针对三元复合驱结垢问题,提出一种物理除垢新方法,即超声波除垢法；并对超声波防垢、除垢的机理进行分析和研究,超声波具有空化效应、机械剪切等效应能够将沉积在管道内的垢击碎、分解并防止小颗粒聚集,能抑制垢晶体的长大,机械剪切效应对管道内壁具有清洗作用,破坏垢的沉积条件等,可以有效的除垢、除垢。对超声波振动系统的工作原理和性能进行研究,研究设计了磁致伸缩超声波换能器、换能器振子的设计、振幅杆的设计与仿真；对磁致伸缩超声波换能器的驱动电路进行研究、设计；对设计的磁致伸缩超声波换能器进行加工制造；对设计的超声波除垢装置进行现场安装实验。
现场实验结果表明所设计的超声波除垢装置对于清除沉积在管道内壁的垢具有良好的效果,除垢率能达到95%以上,而且对垢在管道内壁上的沉积也有很好的预防效果。
In the crude oil industry production process, With long time running of crude oil pipelines, there are different levels of scale, especially, asp flooding scaling condition is more serious, which cause serious harm to the oil field production. The existence of scale increasingly becomes one of the key factors, which constraint to oil field high efficiency, low investment and rapid development In order to ensure stable and yield of oil fields, how to reasonably effective anti-scaling and cleaning, which has become a very important solved practical issues in the oil field development.
In this paper, ASP flooding in Daqing oil field has problems in the oil production process, the study and analysis of composition of scale sample and the fouling mechanism in ASP flooding the pipeline, finding that the composition of ASP flooding scale and water flooding, polymer flooding scale is different. They are composing of the amorphous silica, silicate scale and carbonate scale, quality scale dense, hard, and difficult to remove. The fouling mechanism:Due to the underground strata by asp flooding system of alkali erosion, a large number of silicates in strata were dissolved. Concentration of silicon in ASP Produced fluid increases with the pH value. Pipelines appear serious scaling phenomenon; scaling problem for ASP flooding, proposing a new method of physical cleaning scale, which is ultrasonic eliminating scale; And study and analysis of ultrasonic anti-scaling and fouling mechanism. Ultrasonic has the effect of cavitations and mechanical shear. They can break down, decompose the scale deposited in the pipe, and prevent the aggregation of small particles and Scale crystal growth. Mechanical shear has a cleaning effect for the pipe wall; destruction of the scale deposited. They can effectively cleaning scale. The study of Ultrasonic transducer working principle and properties, the research and design of the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer, including the design transducer oscillator, the design and simulation of amplitude stem; the research and design of the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer drive circuit; Manufacturing the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer; Doing on-site installation experiments for ultrasonic cleaning scale devices designed.
Field experimental results show that ultrasonic cleaning device designed for removing the scale deposited on the pipe wall has a good effect;cleaning rate can reach 95%, and on the scale deposited on the inner wall of the pipeline are also good preventive effect.
引文
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[6]王贤君,谢朝阳,王庆国.三元复合驱采油井结垢物质组成分析研究.油田化学.2003,20(4)：307,308-309,307-308页
[7]郭兰磊.孤岛油田化学复合驱扩大试验.石油勘探与开发.2006.33(4)：495页
[8]孙春红.暴氧污水稀释聚合物驱油实验研究.大庆石油学院硕士学位论文.2007：1—2页
[9]程杰成,廖广志.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验综述[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(2)：46页
[10]张喆.ASP三元复合驱油藏数值模拟研究.中国石油大学硕士论文.2008：6-8页
[11]佟帅.超声波防垢除垢机理及提高效率的方法研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2008：1页,20页
[12]刘玉萍,齐文秀.电子除垢防垢技术.油气田地面工程.2008,27(3)：70页
[13]胡巍,于广.强磁技术如何应用到空调冷却水系统中.科技论坛.2008年第7期
[14]左景栾,任韶然,于洪敏.油田防垢技术研究与应用进展.石油工程建设.2008,34(2)：7-8页
[15]范百刚.超声原理与应用.江苏科学技术出版社.1985：1页,70-71页
[16]丘泰球,胡爱军,姚成灿等.应用声学.2002,21(2)：8-11页
[17]黄序韬,梁淑寰.值得注意的采油声学.声学技术.1985,4(1)：385页
[18]马志梅.超声波阻垢与除垢技术研究进展.中外能源.2008.03：92-94页
[19]BoehkarevVN, RabotaevAF, Genin V S. Elektrotekhnjka.2001, (2):24-27P
[20]ListewnikJ, Bezioukov O, Nowik A, Prace Naukowe Instytutu TeChniki Cieplnej Mechahiki Plynow Polite chikiej.2000, (2):120-126P
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[22]陈先庆.超声波防垢技术在油田中的应用研究[J].钻采工艺.2000,23(3)：58-61页
[23]张锡波,张群正,林文兴等.超声波防垢技术在孤岛油田的现场应用[J].西安石油学院学报：自然科学版.2002,15(3)：14-17页
[24]孙晓霞,杜平,王建等.重油催化裂化油浆换热设备应用超声防除垢的研究及工业试验[J].石油炼制与化工.2003,34(6)：52-56页
[25]张建国,于世军,宋斗贵等.石油矿场机械.油气储运.2003,32(3)：24-26页
[26]白忻平,任建新,梁成浩.工业水处理.2000,20(1)：41-43页.
[27]Wang Demin, Cheng Jiecheng, Li Qun. et al.An alkaline/bio-sur- factant/polymer flooding pilot in Daqing Oilfield[R]. SPE57304,1999:1-12P
[28]程杰成,廖广志,杨振宇等.大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验综述.大庆石油地质与开发.2001,20(2)：46-49页
[29]任文化,牛井岗,张宇,李忠友.杏二区西部三元复合驱试验效果与认识.大庆石油地质与开发.2001：18(5)：117页
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[31]朱义吾,赵作滋,巨全义等.油田开发中的结垢机理及防治技术.陕西科技出版社.1995：28-68页
[32]徐典平,薛家锋,包亚臣等.三元复合驱油井结垢机理研究.大庆石油地质与开发.2001,20(2)：98-99页
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