汶川地震灾区道地药材产地土壤微生态变化的初步研究
|
摘要
2008年5月12日发生的汶川大地震,破坏性强、波及范围广。地震造成森林植被大面积损毁、岩山裸露、河流阻断、地貌改变,使森林覆盖、水源涵养和地下水位改变；同时工矿企业污染物外泄、大量生活垃圾及防疫用消毒灭菌杀虫剂等造成严重的水土污染,对灾区宏观生态到微观生态造成了巨大影响。以前的研究没有给土壤生态恢复积累可资借鉴的经验和基础数据。本研究以地震重灾区道地药材产地土壤为实验材料,探讨地震对土壤微生态的影响,以期为灾后重建和生产恢复提供基础资料。
首先,采用稀释平板法,对四川重灾区都江堰和彭州川芎根际土地震前后土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌的计数结果表明,震后1年(2009年)川芎根际土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌数量减少,震后2年(2010年)真菌、放线菌、细菌数量较震后1年(2009年)有增加趋势,但真菌和细菌数量仍未恢复到震前(2007年)水平；2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出微生物数量恢复的过程。
其次,采用最大或然数法对根际土壤功能微生物的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低,震后2年(2010年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性开始升高,部分接近震前(2007年)水平。2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低恢复回升的过程。
采用湿筛倾析—蔗糖离心法对都江堰和彭州川芎根际土丛枝菌根真菌分离、鉴定的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤丛枝菌根真菌数量和孢子密度降低,震后2年(2010年)丛枝菌根真菌种群数量无增加,但孢子密度基本恢复至震前(2007年)水平。
综上可见,可见地震破坏了土壤的微生态系统,引起了土壤微生态功能的改变。地震后土壤的微生态系统具有一定自我恢复的能力,但土壤微生态功能恢复需要一定时间,从本研究结果认为震后2年基本恢复到震前水平。提示在救灾过程中应尽量保护土壤微生态系统,震后可增强人工干预修复,应是灾区生产和生态恢复重建的重要内容。
A terrible earthquake occurred during in May 12,2008.The earthquake caused extensive damage to forest,mountain,rivers langform ect.At the same time,the earthquake caused industrial and mining pollutants leak,a lot of garbage and Sterilization for epidemic prevention pesticides ect.These caused serious pollution to water and soil. Ecological disaster caused a tremendous impact from the macro the micro of devastated area.Previous studies have not given the accumulation of soil ecological restoration can learn from the experience and infrastructure date. The authentic ingredients to quake-hit origin of the soil as the experimental material to investigate the impact of earthquake on soil micro to the production of future relief and reconstruction to provide basic information.
Firstly, The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Collected from Wenchuan earthquake worst-hit dujiangyan and pengzhou were measured with dilute platform method.The test result indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes which collected in 2009 one year past the wenchuan earthquake were obviously lower than that in 2007 pre-earthquake,And the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased in 2010.Nevertheless the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi were still lower than that in 2007.At the same time,The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Collected from wenchuan earthquake worst-hit jiangyou were also measured,and the test indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased after wenchuan earthquake.
secondly,The quantity fluctuating of soil microbial community were measured with Most Probable Number method.The test result indicated that the diversity and evenness of soil microbial community in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. And had a increased in 2010,some were close to the quantity in 2007.
Fanally,Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were investigated in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.The spore of arbusular mycorrhizal fungi with centrifugation-sugar flotation was isolated and they were identified from morphological characters.The test result indicated that the spore density and species richness in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. But the spore density and species richness were increased in 2010.
Just saying this, the earthquake distoryed the soil microecosystem and brings on many changes to the soil micro-ecosystem function. Though the soil microecosystem may have a certain self-restoring capacity, it may cost at least 3 years to recover as the past. This may prompt us that we should try our best to protect the earth microecosystem during the disaster relief process and strengthen the artificial interference in ecological restoration to help the distressed area have a speedy production and ecology recovery.
首先,采用稀释平板法,对四川重灾区都江堰和彭州川芎根际土地震前后土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌的计数结果表明,震后1年(2009年)川芎根际土壤真菌、放线菌、细菌数量减少,震后2年(2010年)真菌、放线菌、细菌数量较震后1年(2009年)有增加趋势,但真菌和细菌数量仍未恢复到震前(2007年)水平；2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出微生物数量恢复的过程。
其次,采用最大或然数法对根际土壤功能微生物的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低,震后2年(2010年)土壤功能菌群落多样性、均匀性开始升高,部分接近震前(2007年)水平。2009年、2010年江油附子生产地根际土壤也呈现出功能菌群落多样性、均匀性降低恢复回升的过程。
采用湿筛倾析—蔗糖离心法对都江堰和彭州川芎根际土丛枝菌根真菌分离、鉴定的结果表明,都江堰和彭州川芎根际土震后1年(2009年)较震前(2007年)土壤丛枝菌根真菌数量和孢子密度降低,震后2年(2010年)丛枝菌根真菌种群数量无增加,但孢子密度基本恢复至震前(2007年)水平。
综上可见,可见地震破坏了土壤的微生态系统,引起了土壤微生态功能的改变。地震后土壤的微生态系统具有一定自我恢复的能力,但土壤微生态功能恢复需要一定时间,从本研究结果认为震后2年基本恢复到震前水平。提示在救灾过程中应尽量保护土壤微生态系统,震后可增强人工干预修复,应是灾区生产和生态恢复重建的重要内容。
A terrible earthquake occurred during in May 12,2008.The earthquake caused extensive damage to forest,mountain,rivers langform ect.At the same time,the earthquake caused industrial and mining pollutants leak,a lot of garbage and Sterilization for epidemic prevention pesticides ect.These caused serious pollution to water and soil. Ecological disaster caused a tremendous impact from the macro the micro of devastated area.Previous studies have not given the accumulation of soil ecological restoration can learn from the experience and infrastructure date. The authentic ingredients to quake-hit origin of the soil as the experimental material to investigate the impact of earthquake on soil micro to the production of future relief and reconstruction to provide basic information.
Firstly, The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Collected from Wenchuan earthquake worst-hit dujiangyan and pengzhou were measured with dilute platform method.The test result indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes which collected in 2009 one year past the wenchuan earthquake were obviously lower than that in 2007 pre-earthquake,And the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased in 2010.Nevertheless the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi were still lower than that in 2007.At the same time,The quantity fluctuating of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes in the habitat of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. Collected from wenchuan earthquake worst-hit jiangyou were also measured,and the test indicated that the quantity of the rhizosphere bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes were increased after wenchuan earthquake.
secondly,The quantity fluctuating of soil microbial community were measured with Most Probable Number method.The test result indicated that the diversity and evenness of soil microbial community in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. And had a increased in 2010,some were close to the quantity in 2007.
Fanally,Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were investigated in the habitat of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.The spore of arbusular mycorrhizal fungi with centrifugation-sugar flotation was isolated and they were identified from morphological characters.The test result indicated that the spore density and species richness in Rhizosphere which were collected in 2009 were decreased than that in 2007. But the spore density and species richness were increased in 2010.
Just saying this, the earthquake distoryed the soil microecosystem and brings on many changes to the soil micro-ecosystem function. Though the soil microecosystem may have a certain self-restoring capacity, it may cost at least 3 years to recover as the past. This may prompt us that we should try our best to protect the earth microecosystem during the disaster relief process and strengthen the artificial interference in ecological restoration to help the distressed area have a speedy production and ecology recovery.
引文
[1]仇保兴.灾区重建规划汇编[M].北京市：中国建筑工业出版社,2009：8-8
[2]董仁才,刘明,徐卫华等.多源数据融合技术在汶川地震生态环境影响应急评估中的应用[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5795-5800
[3]欧阳志云,徐卫华,王学志等.汶川大地震对生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5801-5810
[4]《中国大百科全书》总编委会编.中国大百科全书19[M].北京市：中国大百科全书出版社,2009：225-226
[5]方精云,沈泽昊,崔海亭.试论山地的生态特征及山地生态学的研究内容[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1)：10-19
[6]Garwood N C, Janos D P, Brokaw N. Earthquake-caused landslides:a major disturbance to tropical forests[J]. Science,1979,205:997-999.
[7]Allen R B, Bellingham P J, Wiser S K. Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest[J]. Ecology,1999,80 (2):708-714.
[8]汶川地震造成林业直接经济损失230亿元[EB/OL].人民网,2008-06-12
[9]苟文龙,张新跃.,李元华.四川汶川大地震灾区草原生态破坏与修复关键技术[J].亚热带水土保持,2010,22(1)：82-85
[10]曾洪扬,邓斌,李勇.汶川大地震对岷江上游水资源与水环境的影响[J].四川师范大学学报,2009,32(1)：134-138
[11]何秉顺,王玉杰,魏建军等.四川地震灾区14座堰塞湖现场查勘分析[J].中国防汛抗旱,2010,20(3)：36-42
[12]申国珍,谢宗强,冯朝阳等.汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6)：1417-1425
[13]包维楷,庞学勇.四川汶川大地震重灾区灾后生态退化及其基本特点.应用与环境生物学报[J].2008,14(4)：441-444
[14]四川省林业厅.汶川地震对生物多样性的影响值得重视.林业实用技术,2008,7：53-53
[15]吴宁,卢涛,罗鹏等.地震对山地生态系统的影响—以5.12汶川大地震为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5810-5818
[16]Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y.zhu C Q, et al. An Assessment of Giant Panda Habitat in Minshan,Sichuan,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(7):1373-1379
[17]Taylor Alan H,Qin Z S.Bamboo regeneration after flowering in the Wolong Giant Panda ReServe.China[J]. Biological Conservation,1993,63(3):231-234
[18]李玉明,杜会英,闰铁柱.汶川地震灾害对农业生态环境的影响及对策[J].可持续发展,2008,6：38-40
[19]截止3月底全省林业灾后重建72个生态修复项目已完工10个[EB/OL].http://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/10883/11066/2011/4/14/10157619.shtml,2011-04-14
[20]徐嘉陵.四川震后生态重建秀山川[EB/OL].人民网,2011-05-12
[21]路明.重建地震损毁农田的建议[J].关注汶川地震—农业生态环境保护与新农村建设专刊,2008：5-5
[22]郭晋.发改委：汶川地震灾后重建各项任务9月底全面完成[EB/OL]中国网,2011-05-10
[23]郭兰萍,黄璐琦,蒋有绪等.栽培苍术根际土壤微生物变化[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(12)：1131-1133
[24]章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006：154-157
[25]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京市：农业出版社,1986：103-107
[26]林贵兵,万德光,杨新杰等.四川中江丹参栽培地轮作期间土壤微生物的变化特点[M].中国中药杂志,2009,34(24)：3184-3187
[27]安德荣,慕小倩,刘翠娟.土壤拮抗放线菌的分离和筛选[J].微生物学杂志,2002,5：1-3
[28]李振高,骆永明,腾应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京：科学出版社,2008：99-114
[29]罗虹,刘鹏,徐根娣.铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(1)：11-13
[30]张玲华,邝哲师.高效硝化细菌的富集培养与分离[J].浙江农业学报,2002,14(6)：348-350
[31]李振高,潘映华,伍期途等.太湖地区水稻土优势反硝化细菌的数量、组成与酶活性[J].土壤学报,1989,26(1)：79-86
[32]宣瑛.镉和乙草胺复合污染对旱地土壤自生固氮菌种群和生物活性的影响[D].杭州：浙江大学生命科学院,2006
[33]张瑜斌,林鹏,邓爱英等.九龙江口红树林鹧鸪菜藻体自生固氮细菌[J],生态学杂志,2007,26(9)：1384-1388
[34]郝月,杨翔华,张晶等.秸秆纤维素分解菌的分离筛选[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7)：58-60
[35]陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12)：2744-2759
[36]张崇邦,金则新.浙江天台山不同林型土壤环境的微生物区系和细菌生理群的多样性[J].生物多样性,2001,9(4)：382-388
[37]陈倩颖胡子全,刘连生.6株解有机磷细菌的分离鉴定[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,3：417-421
[38]邢素芝,郭含莲,汪建飞等.麦田土壤解无机磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果[J].生物学杂志,2010,5：19-21
[39]何世梅,曹立群,田剑临等.测试瓶法测定循环水中的铁细菌[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(11)：98-99
[40]崔俊峰,蒋代华,刘敏等.连栽桉树人工林土壤硅酸盐细菌研究[J].广西农业科学,201041(5)：456-458
[41]李晓,王迎春.土壤微生物多样性与植被多样性[J].内蒙古大学学报,2006,37(6)：708-714
[42]中国科学院林业土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京市：科学出版社,1960：81-84
[43]中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会生物学卷编辑委员会,中国农业百科全书编辑部编辑.中国农业百科全书生物学卷[M].北京市：农业出版社,1991：484
[44]《环境科学大辞典》编委会主编.环境科学大辞典：修订版[M].北京市：中国环境科学出版社,2008：1044-1058
[45]张丽红,符建平,高丽红等.不同蔬菜轮作对日光温室土壤微生物的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(01)：140-144
[46]申为宝,杨洪强.蚯蚓和微生物对土壤养分和重金属的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3)：760-765
[47]来航线,程丽娟,王中科.几种微生物对土壤腐殖质形成的作用[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(6)：79-82
[48]张成霞,南志标.放牧对草地土壤微生物影响的研究述评[J].草业科学,2010,27(1)：65-69
[49]牛赡光,王清海,刘幸红等.拮抗放线菌RA-2所产抗生素的分离提纯及稳定性研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(5)：331-334
[50]雷雄,张鼎华,黄耀坚等.森林土壤酶活性的初步研究[J].林业科技通迅,1985(1)：13-14
[51]杨成德,龙瑞军,陈秀蓉等.土壤微生物功能群及其研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(2)：421-425
[52]刘润进,李晓林.丛枝菌根及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.190-194.
[53]Schenck N C,Perez Y. Manual for the identification of VA mycorhizal fungi[M]. University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida,USA,1988:1-233
[54]王发圆,刘润进.丛枝菌根真菌—新种—枣庄球囊霉[J].菌物系统,2002,21(4)：522-524
[55]杨安娜,李凌飞,赵之伟.中国丛枝菌根真菌—新记录种[J].菌物学报,2004,23(4)：603-604
[56]张英,郭良栋.中国丛枝菌根真菌两新纪录种.菌物学报[J],2005,24(3)：465-467
[57]张英,高清明,郭良栋.中国丛枝菌真菌七个新记录种[J].菌物学报,2007,26(2)：174-178
[58]蔡邦平,张英,陈俊愉等.藏东南野梅根际丛枝菌根真菌三个我国新记录种[J].菌物学报,2007,26(1)：36-39
[59]张英：郭良栋,刘润进.都江堰地区丛枝菌根真菌多样性与生态研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4)：537-544
[60]Zhang ying,Guo Liang Dong,Liu Run Jin.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with most common plants in subtropical region of dujiangyan[J].Mycosystema,2003,22 (2):204-210
[61]王元元,张小平,Mauritz Vestberg等.四川主要农用土壤中丛枝菌根真菌数量和种类的初步研究[J].四川林业科技,2006,27(6)：61-64
[62]王淼焱,丛蕾,李敏等.丛枝菌根真菌的三个我国新记录种[J].菌物学报,2006,25(2)：244-246
[63]赵慧敏.丛枝菌根真菌的生态分布[J].菏泽学院学报,2007,29(5)：87-90
[64]Gerdermann J W & Nicolson T J.Spores of mycorrhizal Endogaone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decantation[J].Transactin of British Mycological Society,1963,46:235-244
[65]Stahl PD S E Williams & M Christensen.Efficacy of native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after severe soil disturbance[J].New Phytologist,1988,110:347-354.
[66]Habte M.Impact of simulated erosion on the abundance and activity of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytes in an Oxisol[J].Biological Fertility and Soils,1989,7:164-167
[67]万德光.中药品质研究——理论、方法与实践[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,2008：26-36
[2]董仁才,刘明,徐卫华等.多源数据融合技术在汶川地震生态环境影响应急评估中的应用[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5795-5800
[3]欧阳志云,徐卫华,王学志等.汶川大地震对生态系统的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5801-5810
[4]《中国大百科全书》总编委会编.中国大百科全书19[M].北京市：中国大百科全书出版社,2009：225-226
[5]方精云,沈泽昊,崔海亭.试论山地的生态特征及山地生态学的研究内容[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1)：10-19
[6]Garwood N C, Janos D P, Brokaw N. Earthquake-caused landslides:a major disturbance to tropical forests[J]. Science,1979,205:997-999.
[7]Allen R B, Bellingham P J, Wiser S K. Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest[J]. Ecology,1999,80 (2):708-714.
[8]汶川地震造成林业直接经济损失230亿元[EB/OL].人民网,2008-06-12
[9]苟文龙,张新跃.,李元华.四川汶川大地震灾区草原生态破坏与修复关键技术[J].亚热带水土保持,2010,22(1)：82-85
[10]曾洪扬,邓斌,李勇.汶川大地震对岷江上游水资源与水环境的影响[J].四川师范大学学报,2009,32(1)：134-138
[11]何秉顺,王玉杰,魏建军等.四川地震灾区14座堰塞湖现场查勘分析[J].中国防汛抗旱,2010,20(3)：36-42
[12]申国珍,谢宗强,冯朝阳等.汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6)：1417-1425
[13]包维楷,庞学勇.四川汶川大地震重灾区灾后生态退化及其基本特点.应用与环境生物学报[J].2008,14(4)：441-444
[14]四川省林业厅.汶川地震对生物多样性的影响值得重视.林业实用技术,2008,7：53-53
[15]吴宁,卢涛,罗鹏等.地震对山地生态系统的影响—以5.12汶川大地震为例[J].生态学报,2008,28(12)：5810-5818
[16]Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y.zhu C Q, et al. An Assessment of Giant Panda Habitat in Minshan,Sichuan,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(7):1373-1379
[17]Taylor Alan H,Qin Z S.Bamboo regeneration after flowering in the Wolong Giant Panda ReServe.China[J]. Biological Conservation,1993,63(3):231-234
[18]李玉明,杜会英,闰铁柱.汶川地震灾害对农业生态环境的影响及对策[J].可持续发展,2008,6：38-40
[19]截止3月底全省林业灾后重建72个生态修复项目已完工10个[EB/OL].http://www.sc.gov.cn/10462/10883/11066/2011/4/14/10157619.shtml,2011-04-14
[20]徐嘉陵.四川震后生态重建秀山川[EB/OL].人民网,2011-05-12
[21]路明.重建地震损毁农田的建议[J].关注汶川地震—农业生态环境保护与新农村建设专刊,2008：5-5
[22]郭晋.发改委：汶川地震灾后重建各项任务9月底全面完成[EB/OL]中国网,2011-05-10
[23]郭兰萍,黄璐琦,蒋有绪等.栽培苍术根际土壤微生物变化[J].中国中药杂志,2007,32(12)：1131-1133
[24]章家恩.生态学常用实验研究方法与技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006：154-157
[25]许光辉,郑洪元.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京市：农业出版社,1986：103-107
[26]林贵兵,万德光,杨新杰等.四川中江丹参栽培地轮作期间土壤微生物的变化特点[M].中国中药杂志,2009,34(24)：3184-3187
[27]安德荣,慕小倩,刘翠娟.土壤拮抗放线菌的分离和筛选[J].微生物学杂志,2002,5：1-3
[28]李振高,骆永明,腾应.土壤与环境微生物研究法[M].北京：科学出版社,2008：99-114
[29]罗虹,刘鹏,徐根娣.铝对土壤微生物区系组成的影响[J].生态环境,2004,13(1)：11-13
[30]张玲华,邝哲师.高效硝化细菌的富集培养与分离[J].浙江农业学报,2002,14(6)：348-350
[31]李振高,潘映华,伍期途等.太湖地区水稻土优势反硝化细菌的数量、组成与酶活性[J].土壤学报,1989,26(1)：79-86
[32]宣瑛.镉和乙草胺复合污染对旱地土壤自生固氮菌种群和生物活性的影响[D].杭州：浙江大学生命科学院,2006
[33]张瑜斌,林鹏,邓爱英等.九龙江口红树林鹧鸪菜藻体自生固氮细菌[J],生态学杂志,2007,26(9)：1384-1388
[34]郝月,杨翔华,张晶等.秸秆纤维素分解菌的分离筛选[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(7)：58-60
[35]陈慧,郝慧荣,熊君等.地黄连作对根际微生物区系及土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(12)：2744-2759
[36]张崇邦,金则新.浙江天台山不同林型土壤环境的微生物区系和细菌生理群的多样性[J].生物多样性,2001,9(4)：382-388
[37]陈倩颖胡子全,刘连生.6株解有机磷细菌的分离鉴定[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,3：417-421
[38]邢素芝,郭含莲,汪建飞等.麦田土壤解无机磷细菌的分离、筛选及其解磷效果[J].生物学杂志,2010,5：19-21
[39]何世梅,曹立群,田剑临等.测试瓶法测定循环水中的铁细菌[J].中国给水排水,2003,19(11)：98-99
[40]崔俊峰,蒋代华,刘敏等.连栽桉树人工林土壤硅酸盐细菌研究[J].广西农业科学,201041(5)：456-458
[41]李晓,王迎春.土壤微生物多样性与植被多样性[J].内蒙古大学学报,2006,37(6)：708-714
[42]中国科学院林业土壤研究所微生物室.土壤微生物分析方法手册[M].北京市：科学出版社,1960：81-84
[43]中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会生物学卷编辑委员会,中国农业百科全书编辑部编辑.中国农业百科全书生物学卷[M].北京市：农业出版社,1991：484
[44]《环境科学大辞典》编委会主编.环境科学大辞典：修订版[M].北京市：中国环境科学出版社,2008：1044-1058
[45]张丽红,符建平,高丽红等.不同蔬菜轮作对日光温室土壤微生物的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(01)：140-144
[46]申为宝,杨洪强.蚯蚓和微生物对土壤养分和重金属的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(3)：760-765
[47]来航线,程丽娟,王中科.几种微生物对土壤腐殖质形成的作用[J].西北农业大学学报,1997,25(6)：79-82
[48]张成霞,南志标.放牧对草地土壤微生物影响的研究述评[J].草业科学,2010,27(1)：65-69
[49]牛赡光,王清海,刘幸红等.拮抗放线菌RA-2所产抗生素的分离提纯及稳定性研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(5)：331-334
[50]雷雄,张鼎华,黄耀坚等.森林土壤酶活性的初步研究[J].林业科技通迅,1985(1)：13-14
[51]杨成德,龙瑞军,陈秀蓉等.土壤微生物功能群及其研究进展[J].土壤通报,2008,39(2)：421-425
[52]刘润进,李晓林.丛枝菌根及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.190-194.
[53]Schenck N C,Perez Y. Manual for the identification of VA mycorhizal fungi[M]. University of Florida,Gainesville,Florida,USA,1988:1-233
[54]王发圆,刘润进.丛枝菌根真菌—新种—枣庄球囊霉[J].菌物系统,2002,21(4)：522-524
[55]杨安娜,李凌飞,赵之伟.中国丛枝菌根真菌—新记录种[J].菌物学报,2004,23(4)：603-604
[56]张英,郭良栋.中国丛枝菌根真菌两新纪录种.菌物学报[J],2005,24(3)：465-467
[57]张英,高清明,郭良栋.中国丛枝菌真菌七个新记录种[J].菌物学报,2007,26(2)：174-178
[58]蔡邦平,张英,陈俊愉等.藏东南野梅根际丛枝菌根真菌三个我国新记录种[J].菌物学报,2007,26(1)：36-39
[59]张英：郭良栋,刘润进.都江堰地区丛枝菌根真菌多样性与生态研究[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(4)：537-544
[60]Zhang ying,Guo Liang Dong,Liu Run Jin.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with most common plants in subtropical region of dujiangyan[J].Mycosystema,2003,22 (2):204-210
[61]王元元,张小平,Mauritz Vestberg等.四川主要农用土壤中丛枝菌根真菌数量和种类的初步研究[J].四川林业科技,2006,27(6)：61-64
[62]王淼焱,丛蕾,李敏等.丛枝菌根真菌的三个我国新记录种[J].菌物学报,2006,25(2)：244-246
[63]赵慧敏.丛枝菌根真菌的生态分布[J].菏泽学院学报,2007,29(5)：87-90
[64]Gerdermann J W & Nicolson T J.Spores of mycorrhizal Endogaone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decantation[J].Transactin of British Mycological Society,1963,46:235-244
[65]Stahl PD S E Williams & M Christensen.Efficacy of native vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi after severe soil disturbance[J].New Phytologist,1988,110:347-354.
[66]Habte M.Impact of simulated erosion on the abundance and activity of indigenous vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal endophytes in an Oxisol[J].Biological Fertility and Soils,1989,7:164-167
[67]万德光.中药品质研究——理论、方法与实践[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社,2008：26-36