公路工程施工定额测定及原始数据处理方法研究
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摘要
公路工程施工定额是整个公路工程定额体系的重要基础。现有公路工程施工定额测定原理及原始数据的处理方法都是传统处理方法,已不适应现有公路施工技术与管理模式的发展。而随着许多新兴数学理论的不断发展和应用,本文从适应造价管理科学的发展和实测原始数据的特点出发,对施工定额原始数据的传统处理方法进行研究及改进,有助于计算出能真实反映实际生产水平的基础数据,从而为整个定额体系的合理编制奠定坚实的基础。
本文立足于当前施工定额的重要地位和作用,在分析当前施工定额的测定程序和测定方法的基础上,提出建立施工定额测定体系,将施工定额测定及随后进行的原始数据处理方法纳入整个施工定额测定体系,本文始终围绕施工定额测定体系展开讨论,并侧重于在分析实测原始数据处理方法适应性的基础上探讨公路工程施工定额原始数据处理的新方法,为科学合理编制公路工程定额提供理论依据。
本文首先介绍工程建设定额体系,并结合公路工程施工定额的测定特点,建立公路工程施工定额测定体系;然后在分析当前原始数据处理方法的局限性问题基础上,运用t分布理论和t检验准则方法分别确定施工定额观测次数和原始数据的异常值;随后在分析实测原始数据“小样本,贫信息”特点的基础上,结合模糊数学和灰色系统理论,综合运用模糊贴近度和灰色关联度方法,构建出公路工程施工定额原始数据计算模型;最后结合新疆养护工程定额编制研究课题,运用构建的计算模型进行实证分析,验证该模型依托理论的科学性和模型本身的可行性。
The highway construction quota is a significant foundation for the whole system. However, the determinations of the current highway construction quota are the traditional processing methods of the raw data, which is inapplicable for the development of existing highway construction technology and management pattern. Along with the constant development and application of many novel mathematical theories, basing on meeting the development of construction cost management science and the features of practice measure raw data, this paper studies and improves the traditional processing method of the raw data of construction quota, which is conducive to calculate the quota base data realistically reflecting the actual producing and managing level, in order to form a solid foundation for the appropriate establishment of the whole quota system.
Considering the crucial role and position current construction quota play, this paper puts forward to build the determination system of construction quota via analyzing the measuring procedures and methods for current construction quota, and brings the determination of construction quota and the traditional raw data processing afterwards into the determination system of the whole construction quota. It lays stress on discussing the new methods of raw data processing for the highway construction quota with its basis on analyzing the application of the current raw data processing method, providing the theoretical references for the suitable establishment of highway quota.
Firstly, this paper sets up the determination system of highway construction quota combining the measure features of highway construction quota via introducing projects building quota system. Next, analyzing the limitations of the current raw data processing, it ascertains the observing numbers of construction quota and the outliers of raw data respectively by adopting the theory of student distribution and T-test criterion. And then, it constructs the calculating model for the raw data of highway construction quota, by analyzing the characteristics of practice measure raw data“individual sample,poor information”, combining fuzzy mathematics and gray system theory, and systematically employing fuzzy closeness degree and grey correlative degree. Finally, it tests the theoretical science of the model and its feasibility, combining the researching topic on the quota establishment of Xinjiang highway maintenance engineering and example analysis on the constructed calculating model.
本文立足于当前施工定额的重要地位和作用,在分析当前施工定额的测定程序和测定方法的基础上,提出建立施工定额测定体系,将施工定额测定及随后进行的原始数据处理方法纳入整个施工定额测定体系,本文始终围绕施工定额测定体系展开讨论,并侧重于在分析实测原始数据处理方法适应性的基础上探讨公路工程施工定额原始数据处理的新方法,为科学合理编制公路工程定额提供理论依据。
本文首先介绍工程建设定额体系,并结合公路工程施工定额的测定特点,建立公路工程施工定额测定体系;然后在分析当前原始数据处理方法的局限性问题基础上,运用t分布理论和t检验准则方法分别确定施工定额观测次数和原始数据的异常值;随后在分析实测原始数据“小样本,贫信息”特点的基础上,结合模糊数学和灰色系统理论,综合运用模糊贴近度和灰色关联度方法,构建出公路工程施工定额原始数据计算模型;最后结合新疆养护工程定额编制研究课题,运用构建的计算模型进行实证分析,验证该模型依托理论的科学性和模型本身的可行性。
The highway construction quota is a significant foundation for the whole system. However, the determinations of the current highway construction quota are the traditional processing methods of the raw data, which is inapplicable for the development of existing highway construction technology and management pattern. Along with the constant development and application of many novel mathematical theories, basing on meeting the development of construction cost management science and the features of practice measure raw data, this paper studies and improves the traditional processing method of the raw data of construction quota, which is conducive to calculate the quota base data realistically reflecting the actual producing and managing level, in order to form a solid foundation for the appropriate establishment of the whole quota system.
Considering the crucial role and position current construction quota play, this paper puts forward to build the determination system of construction quota via analyzing the measuring procedures and methods for current construction quota, and brings the determination of construction quota and the traditional raw data processing afterwards into the determination system of the whole construction quota. It lays stress on discussing the new methods of raw data processing for the highway construction quota with its basis on analyzing the application of the current raw data processing method, providing the theoretical references for the suitable establishment of highway quota.
Firstly, this paper sets up the determination system of highway construction quota combining the measure features of highway construction quota via introducing projects building quota system. Next, analyzing the limitations of the current raw data processing, it ascertains the observing numbers of construction quota and the outliers of raw data respectively by adopting the theory of student distribution and T-test criterion. And then, it constructs the calculating model for the raw data of highway construction quota, by analyzing the characteristics of practice measure raw data“individual sample,poor information”, combining fuzzy mathematics and gray system theory, and systematically employing fuzzy closeness degree and grey correlative degree. Finally, it tests the theoretical science of the model and its feasibility, combining the researching topic on the quota establishment of Xinjiang highway maintenance engineering and example analysis on the constructed calculating model.
引文
[1] 石勇民.公路工程定额原理与估价.北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[2] 公路工程定额的编制与管理.北京:交通部公路工程定额站,2001
[3] 张吉楠.计算机辅助工时定额测算系统开发与研究[硕士学位论文].西北工业大学:机械电子工程,2003,6
[4] 张世松.线性回归分析在公路小修保养定额编制中的应用.2001,12(12):95～98
[5] 谷冠军.基本建设技术经济定额制定与管理.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989
[6] 张晓波.公路工程施工定额的编制和应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[7] 郭婧娟.建设工程定额及概预算.北京:北方交通大学出版社,2003
[8] 胡明德.建筑工程定额原理与概预算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[9] 龚维丽.工程造价的确定与控制.北京:中国计划出版社,1998
[10] 赵英利,申成文,回金常.一元线性回归方程在煤矿劳动定额中的应用.成果应用,1999(3):26～27
[11]杨劲.建筑工程定额原理与概预算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[12] 钱昆润,戴望炎,沈杰.建筑工程定额与预算.南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[13] Wei Yuwen. The Role and Application of Quotas. AACE International Transactions of the Annual Meeting.2003:51～53
[14]全国造价工程师考试教材编委会.工程造价计价与控制.北京:中国计划出版社,2006
[15]武育秦,李景云.建筑工程定额与预算.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1993
[16] 刘伟伟.工程造价管理双轨并行局面下的造价体制改革[硕士学位论文].西安建筑科技大学:建筑与土木工程,2004,6
[17] 鲍吉吉.武汉市 11 个行业计划取水定额的制定方法及其影响因素分析[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学:市政工程,2005,5
[18] 杨纶标,高英仪.模糊数学原理及应用(第三版)广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003
[19] 邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[20] Jin Woo Lee,Soung Hie Kim.An integrated approach for interdependent information system project selection . International Journal of Project Management,2001(19):111～118
[21] Zadeh L A.Fuzzy Sets.Information and Control.1965,8:338～353
[22] 交通部公路司,中国工程建设标准化协会公路工程委员会.公路工程技术标准(JTG B01-2003).北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[23] D.G.Proverbs,G.D.Holt,P.O.Olomolaiye.A method for estimating laborrequirements and costs for international construction projects at inception.Building and Environment,1999(34):43～48
[24] Deng Julong.Grey Systems.China’s Future and Development,1984(4):25~27
[25] 刘普寅,吴孟达.模糊理论及其应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000
[26] 檀林.模糊知识处理在中文文本自动分类中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].山西大学:计算机软件与理论,2004,6
[27] 张恒喜,郭基联,朱家元.小样本多元数据分析方法及应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002
[28] 张铁成.公路工程造价与快捷编标.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[29] 胡上序,陈德钊.观测数据的分析与处理.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[30] Jaech,John L..Statistical Analysis of Measurement Errors.John Wiley,New York,1985
[31] 李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[32] 周开学,李书光.误差与数据处理理论.东营:石油大学出版社,2002
[33] 盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[34] Mayer,Stuart L..Data Analysis for Scientists and Engineers.John Wiley, New York,1985
[35] 赵东拂.混凝土多轴疲劳破坏准则研究[博士学位论文].大连理工大学:结构工程,2002,12
[36] 刘晓秋.浅谈公路工程定额编制方法的综合运用.科技与经济,2005(1):29～30
[37] 杨赞锋,陈宁.点估计在工程定额测定与编制中的应用.交通企业管理,2001,12(l):76～77
[38] 陈水利,李敬功,王向公.模糊集理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
[39] 温丽华.灰色系统理论及其应用[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学:计算机应用技术,2003,3
[40] 邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985
[41] 罗庆成,徐国新.灰色关联分析与应用.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1989
[42] 郭洪.灰色关联度分辨系数.模糊数学,1985,5(2) :55～58
[43] 刘思峰,郭天榜.灰色系统理论及其应用.开封:河南大学出版社,1991
[2] 公路工程定额的编制与管理.北京:交通部公路工程定额站,2001
[3] 张吉楠.计算机辅助工时定额测算系统开发与研究[硕士学位论文].西北工业大学:机械电子工程,2003,6
[4] 张世松.线性回归分析在公路小修保养定额编制中的应用.2001,12(12):95～98
[5] 谷冠军.基本建设技术经济定额制定与管理.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1989
[6] 张晓波.公路工程施工定额的编制和应用.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[7] 郭婧娟.建设工程定额及概预算.北京:北方交通大学出版社,2003
[8] 胡明德.建筑工程定额原理与概预算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[9] 龚维丽.工程造价的确定与控制.北京:中国计划出版社,1998
[10] 赵英利,申成文,回金常.一元线性回归方程在煤矿劳动定额中的应用.成果应用,1999(3):26～27
[11]杨劲.建筑工程定额原理与概预算.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[12] 钱昆润,戴望炎,沈杰.建筑工程定额与预算.南京:东南大学出版社,2003
[13] Wei Yuwen. The Role and Application of Quotas. AACE International Transactions of the Annual Meeting.2003:51～53
[14]全国造价工程师考试教材编委会.工程造价计价与控制.北京:中国计划出版社,2006
[15]武育秦,李景云.建筑工程定额与预算.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1993
[16] 刘伟伟.工程造价管理双轨并行局面下的造价体制改革[硕士学位论文].西安建筑科技大学:建筑与土木工程,2004,6
[17] 鲍吉吉.武汉市 11 个行业计划取水定额的制定方法及其影响因素分析[硕士学位论文].武汉理工大学:市政工程,2005,5
[18] 杨纶标,高英仪.模糊数学原理及应用(第三版)广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003
[19] 邓聚龙.灰色理论基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[20] Jin Woo Lee,Soung Hie Kim.An integrated approach for interdependent information system project selection . International Journal of Project Management,2001(19):111～118
[21] Zadeh L A.Fuzzy Sets.Information and Control.1965,8:338～353
[22] 交通部公路司,中国工程建设标准化协会公路工程委员会.公路工程技术标准(JTG B01-2003).北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[23] D.G.Proverbs,G.D.Holt,P.O.Olomolaiye.A method for estimating laborrequirements and costs for international construction projects at inception.Building and Environment,1999(34):43～48
[24] Deng Julong.Grey Systems.China’s Future and Development,1984(4):25~27
[25] 刘普寅,吴孟达.模糊理论及其应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,2000
[26] 檀林.模糊知识处理在中文文本自动分类中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].山西大学:计算机软件与理论,2004,6
[27] 张恒喜,郭基联,朱家元.小样本多元数据分析方法及应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002
[28] 张铁成.公路工程造价与快捷编标.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[29] 胡上序,陈德钊.观测数据的分析与处理.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2002
[30] Jaech,John L..Statistical Analysis of Measurement Errors.John Wiley,New York,1985
[31] 李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[32] 周开学,李书光.误差与数据处理理论.东营:石油大学出版社,2002
[33] 盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[34] Mayer,Stuart L..Data Analysis for Scientists and Engineers.John Wiley, New York,1985
[35] 赵东拂.混凝土多轴疲劳破坏准则研究[博士学位论文].大连理工大学:结构工程,2002,12
[36] 刘晓秋.浅谈公路工程定额编制方法的综合运用.科技与经济,2005(1):29～30
[37] 杨赞锋,陈宁.点估计在工程定额测定与编制中的应用.交通企业管理,2001,12(l):76～77
[38] 陈水利,李敬功,王向公.模糊集理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005
[39] 温丽华.灰色系统理论及其应用[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工程大学:计算机应用技术,2003,3
[40] 邓聚龙.灰色控制系统.武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985
[41] 罗庆成,徐国新.灰色关联分析与应用.南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1989
[42] 郭洪.灰色关联度分辨系数.模糊数学,1985,5(2) :55～58
[43] 刘思峰,郭天榜.灰色系统理论及其应用.开封:河南大学出版社,1991