NH_4HCO_3溶液脱除燃煤烟气中SO_2的研究
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摘要
SO_2的大量排放及其所产生的酸雨已成为重大的环境问题之一。化石燃料尤其是煤炭的燃烧是SO_2大量排放的主要原因。因此燃煤烟气中SO_2减排技术对其污染的控制起到重要作用。SO_2脱除技术众多，为适用于燃煤电厂中SO_2、CO_2的联合脱除，本文采用NH_4HCO_3作为吸收剂进行模拟烟气中SO_2的吸收实验。
本文研究的主要内容包括吸收过程的理论探讨及实验研究。理论探讨以双膜吸收理论为基础，对SO_2与NH_4HCO_3溶液反应的反应机理及吸收传质过程进行分析，探讨NH_4HCO_3溶液脱硫的化学吸收过程。认为NH_4HCO_3与SO_2的反应为瞬间反应，SO_2吸收过程受双膜传质控制。吸收速率主要受气膜传质控制，但吸收反应接近平衡状态时，吸收速率主要受化学反应控制。
在NH_4HCO_3溶液吸收SO_2实验研究中，分别采用鼓泡式反应器和喷淋式反应器进行NH_4HCO_3脱除SO_2的吸收性能评价。在鼓泡式吸收实验，考察比较NH_4HCO_3溶液、氨水、Na_2CO_3溶液、NaOH溶液的脱硫性能，以及NH_4HCO_3溶液浓度、SO_2浓度、气体流速对反应的影响。结果验证NH_4HCO_3溶液与其他吸收剂相比同样具有良好的脱硫效果，适用于燃煤烟气中SO_2的脱除。碳酸氢铵溶液浓度越高，SO_2脱除率越高，SO_2吸收量越高，吸收速率越快；SO_2浓度越低时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量相差不大；气体流速越快时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量相差不大。
在喷淋式吸收实验，以NH_4HCO_3溶液为吸收液，在室温条件下，考察了吸收液浓度、氮硫比、气体流速对脱硫效率和反应速度的影响。结果表明NH_4HCO_3溶液浓度越高，SO_2脱除率越高，SO_2吸收量越高，吸收速率越快；SO_2浓度越低时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越慢，SO_2吸收量越低；气体流速越快时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量越高。相应本实验的吸收装置，氮硫比为2比1，气体流速为8L/min，吸收液浓度为8%可达到较高的脱除率和反应速率。可实现燃煤烟气中SO_2的脱除。
通过上述吸收机理的探讨和采用鼓泡式反应器和喷淋式反应器的实验研究，证明NH_4HCO_3溶液具有很好的脱硫效果，可以应用于燃煤烟气SO_2脱除，为燃煤烟气的联合脱硫脱碳提供了一种可行方法。
Sulfur dioxide emission and the resulting acid rain has become one of the majorenvironmental issues. The burning of fossil fuels, especially coal combustion is largenumber of emission of the main sulfur dioxide. Therefore, the desulfurationtechnologies of flue gas play an important role in the control of sulfur dioxidepollution. Sulfur dioxide removal technology vertical, in order to apply to combinedremoval of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxid in coal-fired power plants, I usingNH4HCO3as an absorbent for SO_2 absorption in the simulated flue gas experiments.
The main contents of this paper，the theoretical discussion and experimentalstudy of the absorption process. In the theoretical discussion, Based on the two-filmmass transfer theory，analysis of the absorption of SO_2 in the water mass transferprocess. And analysis of the reaction process of SO_2 with Liquor of NH_4HCO_3.Studies have shown that,NH_4HCO_3 and SO_2 reaction of the transient response, SO_2absorption process by the two-film mass transfer control. The absorption rate wasmainly bullied mass transfer control, but the absorption of the reaction close toequilibrium, the absorption rate is mainly affected by the chemical reaction control.
NH_4HCO_3 solution is absorbed in the experimental study of SO_2, I use thebubbling reactor and spray reactor NH_4HCO_3 for SO_2 removal absorption propertieswere evaluated. Absorption experiments in the Bubble. First, study NH_4HCO_3solution, Na2CO3solution, NaOH solution, ammonia desulfurization performance.Studies have shown that,NH_4HCO_3 solution compared with other absorbers also hasgood desulfurization effect, applicable to coal-fired flue gas SO_2 removal.StudyNH4HCO3 solution concentration, SO_2 concentration, gas flow rate influence on thereaction. Studies have shown that.Higher the concentration of ammonium bicarbonatesolution, the higher the SO_2 removal rate of SO_2 absorption is higher, the faster theabsorption rate; the lower SO_2 concentration, SO_2removal rate is lower, the faster theabsorption rate of SO_2 uptake less; the faster of the gas flow rate, SO_2 removal rate,the lower, the faster the absorption rate of SO_2 uptake or less.
Using the venturi spray gun spray in the empty tower, the absorption solution is NH_4HCO_3solution, at room temperature, the effects of absorption concentration,nitrogen and sulfur retention time on the desulfurization efficiency and speed ofresponse. Provide the experimental basis for this method to be applied in industry. Theresults showed that：Choose N/S ratio of 2:1, the gas flow rate of 6L/min absorptionconcentration of 6% to achieve a higher removal rate and reaction rate.SO_2removalfrom flue gas.
By the absorption mechanism of bubble column reactor and spray reactorexperimental study to prove that NH_4HCO_3 solution has the effect of desulfurizationcan be applied to coal-fired flue gas SO_2 removal for coal-fired flue gasthe jointdesulfurization and decarbonization provides a viable method.
本文研究的主要内容包括吸收过程的理论探讨及实验研究。理论探讨以双膜吸收理论为基础，对SO_2与NH_4HCO_3溶液反应的反应机理及吸收传质过程进行分析，探讨NH_4HCO_3溶液脱硫的化学吸收过程。认为NH_4HCO_3与SO_2的反应为瞬间反应，SO_2吸收过程受双膜传质控制。吸收速率主要受气膜传质控制，但吸收反应接近平衡状态时，吸收速率主要受化学反应控制。
在NH_4HCO_3溶液吸收SO_2实验研究中，分别采用鼓泡式反应器和喷淋式反应器进行NH_4HCO_3脱除SO_2的吸收性能评价。在鼓泡式吸收实验，考察比较NH_4HCO_3溶液、氨水、Na_2CO_3溶液、NaOH溶液的脱硫性能，以及NH_4HCO_3溶液浓度、SO_2浓度、气体流速对反应的影响。结果验证NH_4HCO_3溶液与其他吸收剂相比同样具有良好的脱硫效果，适用于燃煤烟气中SO_2的脱除。碳酸氢铵溶液浓度越高，SO_2脱除率越高，SO_2吸收量越高，吸收速率越快；SO_2浓度越低时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量相差不大；气体流速越快时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量相差不大。
在喷淋式吸收实验，以NH_4HCO_3溶液为吸收液，在室温条件下，考察了吸收液浓度、氮硫比、气体流速对脱硫效率和反应速度的影响。结果表明NH_4HCO_3溶液浓度越高，SO_2脱除率越高，SO_2吸收量越高，吸收速率越快；SO_2浓度越低时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越慢，SO_2吸收量越低；气体流速越快时，SO_2脱除率越低，吸收速率越快，SO_2吸收量越高。相应本实验的吸收装置，氮硫比为2比1，气体流速为8L/min，吸收液浓度为8%可达到较高的脱除率和反应速率。可实现燃煤烟气中SO_2的脱除。
通过上述吸收机理的探讨和采用鼓泡式反应器和喷淋式反应器的实验研究，证明NH_4HCO_3溶液具有很好的脱硫效果，可以应用于燃煤烟气SO_2脱除，为燃煤烟气的联合脱硫脱碳提供了一种可行方法。
Sulfur dioxide emission and the resulting acid rain has become one of the majorenvironmental issues. The burning of fossil fuels, especially coal combustion is largenumber of emission of the main sulfur dioxide. Therefore, the desulfurationtechnologies of flue gas play an important role in the control of sulfur dioxidepollution. Sulfur dioxide removal technology vertical, in order to apply to combinedremoval of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxid in coal-fired power plants, I usingNH4HCO3as an absorbent for SO_2 absorption in the simulated flue gas experiments.
The main contents of this paper，the theoretical discussion and experimentalstudy of the absorption process. In the theoretical discussion, Based on the two-filmmass transfer theory，analysis of the absorption of SO_2 in the water mass transferprocess. And analysis of the reaction process of SO_2 with Liquor of NH_4HCO_3.Studies have shown that,NH_4HCO_3 and SO_2 reaction of the transient response, SO_2absorption process by the two-film mass transfer control. The absorption rate wasmainly bullied mass transfer control, but the absorption of the reaction close toequilibrium, the absorption rate is mainly affected by the chemical reaction control.
NH_4HCO_3 solution is absorbed in the experimental study of SO_2, I use thebubbling reactor and spray reactor NH_4HCO_3 for SO_2 removal absorption propertieswere evaluated. Absorption experiments in the Bubble. First, study NH_4HCO_3solution, Na2CO3solution, NaOH solution, ammonia desulfurization performance.Studies have shown that,NH_4HCO_3 solution compared with other absorbers also hasgood desulfurization effect, applicable to coal-fired flue gas SO_2 removal.StudyNH4HCO3 solution concentration, SO_2 concentration, gas flow rate influence on thereaction. Studies have shown that.Higher the concentration of ammonium bicarbonatesolution, the higher the SO_2 removal rate of SO_2 absorption is higher, the faster theabsorption rate; the lower SO_2 concentration, SO_2removal rate is lower, the faster theabsorption rate of SO_2 uptake less; the faster of the gas flow rate, SO_2 removal rate,the lower, the faster the absorption rate of SO_2 uptake or less.
Using the venturi spray gun spray in the empty tower, the absorption solution is NH_4HCO_3solution, at room temperature, the effects of absorption concentration,nitrogen and sulfur retention time on the desulfurization efficiency and speed ofresponse. Provide the experimental basis for this method to be applied in industry. Theresults showed that：Choose N/S ratio of 2:1, the gas flow rate of 6L/min absorptionconcentration of 6% to achieve a higher removal rate and reaction rate.SO_2removalfrom flue gas.
By the absorption mechanism of bubble column reactor and spray reactorexperimental study to prove that NH_4HCO_3 solution has the effect of desulfurizationcan be applied to coal-fired flue gas SO_2 removal for coal-fired flue gasthe jointdesulfurization and decarbonization provides a viable method.
引文
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[2]奚旦立,刘秀英,郭安然.环境监测[M].北京:高等教育出版社. 1997.
[3]叶瑜.大气污染物与心脑血管疾病急性发作的病例交叉研究[硕士论文].浙江大学医学院.2009
[4]肖文德,吴志泉,二氧化硫脱除与回收[M].北京,环境科学与工程出版中心,2001.
[5]孙崇基.酸雨[M].北京:环境科学出版社. 2001.
[6] Tamara K，Mills G A. Catalysts for Control of Exhaust Emissions [J]. Catalysts Today.1994,22:349
[7]陈志远.中国酸雨研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997
[8]公害防止技术和法规编委会.公害防止技术——大气篇[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1990.
[9]仇荣亮,吴箐.陆地生态环境酸沉降敏感性研究[J].环境科学进展.1997,5(4):8-22
[10]广州为何能再掉“重酸雨区”帽子[N].广州经济.2011(6)
[11]王体健,李宗恺.区域算性沉降数值研究.大气科学[J].1996,20(5),606-614
[12]郑显玉.氨法回收电厂烟气中二氧化硫二氧化碳的试验研究[D],2002.
[13] Perman R, Ma Y, McGilvray J, Natural resource and environmental economics, London：Longman, 1996.
[14] Dincer I, Rosen M A, Energy, Environment and sustainable development [J]. AppliedEnergy.1999,64,427-440
[15]周克元.酸雨危害与我国酸雨的战略防治[J].环境科学与技术.1989,45(2):14-17
[16]国家环保总局.酸雨控制区和一氧化硫控制区划分方案[J].环境保护,1998,7(3):7-11
[17]钟秦.燃煤烟气脱硫脱销技术及工程实例[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2002.
[18]陈志远.中国酸雨研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社, 1997
[19]国家环保总局.中国2003年环境状况公报[N].中国环境报,2003
[20]伟飞.氨—硫酸铵法烟气脱硫实验研究[D].南京理工大学.2008,6
[21]杜冬冬.氨一硫酸按法烟气脱硫工艺研究[D].南京理工大学.2008,6
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