合成共轭亚油酸益生菌的筛选及其免疫调节功能研究
摘要
Cis-9，trans-11共轭亚油酸（c9，t11CLA）为十八碳不饱和二烯酸，具有多种生物活性，提高机体免疫调节能力是其重要功能之一。具备c9，t11CLA合成能力的益生菌在肠道内具有持续转化饮食中亚油酸（LA）的能力，从而不断为机体提供c9，t11CLA，进而提高其免疫调节能力，促进人体健康发展。本研究首先采用有效筛选路线，筛选在人体内潜在的能够合成c9，t11CLA能力的益生菌菌株，然后研究了环境及饮食因素对筛选出菌株（嗜酸乳杆菌F0221）合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，最后以小鼠为模型考察了菌株在体内合成c9，t11CLA的能力以及对机体免疫调节能力的影响。
以分离自中国西部地区传统发酵食品以及人类粪便样品中的193株乳酸菌为出发菌株，采用紫外法初步筛选出12株具有潜在合成CLA能力的菌株，然后采用气相色谱法进一步对这些菌株合成的CLA异构体的种类及含量进行了精确分析，发现分离自发酵食品的G14、M6、Q9和分离自人类粪便的F0721、F0221、IN5.22具有较强合成CLA的能力，而且这些菌株合成的CLA的构型均为c9，t11型。对该6株乳酸菌对胃酸的耐受能力、对胆盐的耐受能力以及对HT-29细胞的黏附能力等进行了评价。菌株F0221显示了较好的益生菌特性，被最终筛选出来，经16S rDNA序列分析技术被鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌。接着研究了温度、pH值、气体条件和培养时间等因素对菌株F0221合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现该菌株在37℃、pH6.5的厌氧环境中培养40h后c9，t11CLA产量达到最大值，为102.1±12.6μg/mL。
研究了吐温20、吐温40、吐温60和吐温80对菌株F0221在含胆盐的回肠模拟液中繁殖和合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现四种吐温均能显著（P<0.05）降低菌株在含胆盐环境中的胞内物质的泄漏程度，进而有效提高了菌株的繁殖能力，然而只有吐温80可显著（P<0.05）提高菌株单位细胞在含胆盐的环境中的LA异构酶的产量，进而增强了菌株单位细胞合成c9，t11CLA的能力。该现象发生的重要原因之一是吐温80提高了菌株细胞内18:1（c9）和19:0（cyc）脂肪酸的比例，进而提高了细菌细胞膜的流动性。
研究了不同益生元对菌株F0221在结肠模拟液中繁殖及合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现低聚半乳糖（GOS）阿拉伯半乳糖（AG）对菌株繁殖及合成c9，t11CLA能力具有显著（P<0.05）促进作用。分析原因发现，GOS的代谢产物葡萄糖和半乳糖、AG的代谢产物半乳糖通过促进菌株繁殖能力，提高了c9，t11CLA的合成能力。此外，葡萄糖和半乳糖的糖代谢产物乙酸、丙酸和乳酸通过增加菌株F0221细胞膜的渗透性，增强了底物LA进入细胞的能力，提高了细胞内LA与镶嵌于细胞膜上的LA异构酶的接触频率，从而增强菌株单位细胞合成c9，t11CLA的效率。
以小鼠为模型，对菌株F0221的体内繁殖、c9，t11CLA合成及免疫调节能力进行了研究。摄食菌株F0221后，小鼠回肠和结肠内乳杆菌数量显著（P<0.05）增加，这提示该菌株具有短期、潜在的在小鼠回肠和结肠上皮细胞定植的能力。同时，小鼠肠道内容物中c9，t11CLA含量显著（P<0.05）增加，说明该菌株在小鼠体内同样具有合成c9，t11CLA的能力。肠道内合成的c9，t11CLA转移到了血清、肝脏和脂肪组织中，降低其中花生四烯酸水平、抑制了具有下调机体免疫调节能力的前列腺素（PGE2）的合成能力。PGE2水平的降低提高了小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖能力、腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖能力以及血清中细胞因子IL-2和TNF-α的水平，进而提高了机体免疫调节能力。研究了吐温80和GOS对菌株F0221在小鼠体内合成c9，t11CLA能力和调节机体免疫能力的影响，发现吐温80和GOS可显著（P<0.05）提高菌株体内合成c9，t11CLA的能力，进而增强了其对机体免疫能力的调节作用。这提示吐温80和GOS可以作为菌株F0221体内发挥免疫调节功能的促进剂。
Cis-9, trans-11conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11CLA) is octadecadienoic acid. C9,t11CLA has many biological effects, including immunomodulatory function. C9, t11CLA producing probiotic can converet dietary linoleic aicd (LA) to c9, t11CLA in theintestinal tract, and then enhance immunomodulatory function.In this study, the c9, t11CLA producing probiotic was screened, and subsequently the in vitro influencing factorof c9, t11CLA production and in vivo immunomodulatory function of the selectedstrains were investigated.
One hundred ninety-three strains were selected from traditional Chinese fermentedfoods and feces. According to the ultraviolet colorimetry method,12strains werescreened for their ability to produce CLA. In particular, strains F0721, F0221, IN5.22,G14, M6and Q9were found with c9, t11CLA production ability by the gaschromatography (GC) detection. The six strains mentioned above were investigated forthe ability to survive in vitro simulating gastric juice, to grow in the presence of bile saltand to adhere to HT-29cell. The strain F0221was finally selected as c9, t11CLAproducing probiotic and was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus F0221by16SrDNA gene sequence analysis. Incubation of L.acidophilus F0221at pH6.5followed byanaerobic incubation at37℃for40h was most effective (102.1±12.55μg/mL) inpromoting c9，t11CLA formation.
The effects of Tween20, Tween40, Tween60and Tween80on L.acidophilus F0221growth and c9，t11CLA production in the ileum simulation liquid (ISL) with bile saltwere investigated in vitro. The results showed that the four kinds of Tween couldsignificantly (P<0.05) promote strain growth in the ISL. The reason was that theleakage induced by bile salt was reduced in the presence of Tween. Tween80couldsignificantly (P<0.05) promote c9，t11CLA production in the ISL, simultaneously. Oneof the reasons was attributed to the increase of production of LA isomerae of unit cell.Additionally, when the Tween80was added in the ISL, the18:1(c9) oleic acid, whichis the fat acid composition of Tween80, can enter the cellular and be converted into19:0(cyc) cyclpopropane fatty acid. These two fatty acids can inhibit the reduction ofcell membrane fluidity induced by bile salt.
The effects of different prebiotics on L.acidophilus F0221growth and c9, t11CLAproduction were investigated in vitro colon simulation liquid (CSL). It was found thatgalactooligosaccharides (GOS) and arabinogalactan (AG) could significantly (P<0.05)enhance cell density and c9, t11CLA production of the strain.A major reason was thatthe metabolites of GOS and AG, including glucose and galactose, could promote the growth of L.acidophilus F0221in the CLS. Additionally, the metabolites of GOS andAG, including acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid, could increase cell membranepermeability, the chance of substrate LA into the cell, the contact frequency of LA andLA isomerase and then increase the c9, t11CLA production.
The in vivo c9, t11CLA levels and immunomodulatory function of L.acidophilusF0221was investigated in mice. The results demonstrated that L.acidophilus F0221could significantly (P<0.05) increase lactobacillus count and c9, t11CLA levels in theileum and colon. This result indicated that the L.acidophilus F0221could grow andproduce c9, t11CLA in the intestinal tract. The levels of c9, t11CLA and oleic in serum,liver and adipose tissue were also significantly (P<0.05) increased, and the linoleic acid(LA) and arachidonic acid levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased.At the sametime, the serum prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels was significantly (P<0.05) decreased.Since the widely negative effects of PGE2in the immune system, the serum IL-2andTNF-α level, proliferation of spleen lymphocyte and phagocytosis activity of peritonealmacrophage were significantly (P<0.05) increased. These results indicated that theL.acidophilus F0221could enhance specific and non-specific immunity in mice.
The effect of Tween80and GOS on functional properties of strain.F0221was alsoinvestigated in vivo. It was found that Tween80and GOS could significantly (P<0.05)enhance c9, t11CLA levels in vivo and immunomodulatory function in mice. Thesefinding suggested that Tween80and GOS might have potentiality as facilitating agentsthat help F0221to exert an enhanced immune function.
以分离自中国西部地区传统发酵食品以及人类粪便样品中的193株乳酸菌为出发菌株，采用紫外法初步筛选出12株具有潜在合成CLA能力的菌株，然后采用气相色谱法进一步对这些菌株合成的CLA异构体的种类及含量进行了精确分析，发现分离自发酵食品的G14、M6、Q9和分离自人类粪便的F0721、F0221、IN5.22具有较强合成CLA的能力，而且这些菌株合成的CLA的构型均为c9，t11型。对该6株乳酸菌对胃酸的耐受能力、对胆盐的耐受能力以及对HT-29细胞的黏附能力等进行了评价。菌株F0221显示了较好的益生菌特性，被最终筛选出来，经16S rDNA序列分析技术被鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌。接着研究了温度、pH值、气体条件和培养时间等因素对菌株F0221合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现该菌株在37℃、pH6.5的厌氧环境中培养40h后c9，t11CLA产量达到最大值，为102.1±12.6μg/mL。
研究了吐温20、吐温40、吐温60和吐温80对菌株F0221在含胆盐的回肠模拟液中繁殖和合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现四种吐温均能显著（P<0.05）降低菌株在含胆盐环境中的胞内物质的泄漏程度，进而有效提高了菌株的繁殖能力，然而只有吐温80可显著（P<0.05）提高菌株单位细胞在含胆盐的环境中的LA异构酶的产量，进而增强了菌株单位细胞合成c9，t11CLA的能力。该现象发生的重要原因之一是吐温80提高了菌株细胞内18:1（c9）和19:0（cyc）脂肪酸的比例，进而提高了细菌细胞膜的流动性。
研究了不同益生元对菌株F0221在结肠模拟液中繁殖及合成c9，t11CLA能力的影响，发现低聚半乳糖（GOS）阿拉伯半乳糖（AG）对菌株繁殖及合成c9，t11CLA能力具有显著（P<0.05）促进作用。分析原因发现，GOS的代谢产物葡萄糖和半乳糖、AG的代谢产物半乳糖通过促进菌株繁殖能力，提高了c9，t11CLA的合成能力。此外，葡萄糖和半乳糖的糖代谢产物乙酸、丙酸和乳酸通过增加菌株F0221细胞膜的渗透性，增强了底物LA进入细胞的能力，提高了细胞内LA与镶嵌于细胞膜上的LA异构酶的接触频率，从而增强菌株单位细胞合成c9，t11CLA的效率。
以小鼠为模型，对菌株F0221的体内繁殖、c9，t11CLA合成及免疫调节能力进行了研究。摄食菌株F0221后，小鼠回肠和结肠内乳杆菌数量显著（P<0.05）增加，这提示该菌株具有短期、潜在的在小鼠回肠和结肠上皮细胞定植的能力。同时，小鼠肠道内容物中c9，t11CLA含量显著（P<0.05）增加，说明该菌株在小鼠体内同样具有合成c9，t11CLA的能力。肠道内合成的c9，t11CLA转移到了血清、肝脏和脂肪组织中，降低其中花生四烯酸水平、抑制了具有下调机体免疫调节能力的前列腺素（PGE2）的合成能力。PGE2水平的降低提高了小鼠脾脏T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞的增殖能力、腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖能力以及血清中细胞因子IL-2和TNF-α的水平，进而提高了机体免疫调节能力。研究了吐温80和GOS对菌株F0221在小鼠体内合成c9，t11CLA能力和调节机体免疫能力的影响，发现吐温80和GOS可显著（P<0.05）提高菌株体内合成c9，t11CLA的能力，进而增强了其对机体免疫能力的调节作用。这提示吐温80和GOS可以作为菌株F0221体内发挥免疫调节功能的促进剂。
Cis-9, trans-11conjugated linoleic acid (c9, t11CLA) is octadecadienoic acid. C9,t11CLA has many biological effects, including immunomodulatory function. C9, t11CLA producing probiotic can converet dietary linoleic aicd (LA) to c9, t11CLA in theintestinal tract, and then enhance immunomodulatory function.In this study, the c9, t11CLA producing probiotic was screened, and subsequently the in vitro influencing factorof c9, t11CLA production and in vivo immunomodulatory function of the selectedstrains were investigated.
One hundred ninety-three strains were selected from traditional Chinese fermentedfoods and feces. According to the ultraviolet colorimetry method,12strains werescreened for their ability to produce CLA. In particular, strains F0721, F0221, IN5.22,G14, M6and Q9were found with c9, t11CLA production ability by the gaschromatography (GC) detection. The six strains mentioned above were investigated forthe ability to survive in vitro simulating gastric juice, to grow in the presence of bile saltand to adhere to HT-29cell. The strain F0221was finally selected as c9, t11CLAproducing probiotic and was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus F0221by16SrDNA gene sequence analysis. Incubation of L.acidophilus F0221at pH6.5followed byanaerobic incubation at37℃for40h was most effective (102.1±12.55μg/mL) inpromoting c9，t11CLA formation.
The effects of Tween20, Tween40, Tween60and Tween80on L.acidophilus F0221growth and c9，t11CLA production in the ileum simulation liquid (ISL) with bile saltwere investigated in vitro. The results showed that the four kinds of Tween couldsignificantly (P<0.05) promote strain growth in the ISL. The reason was that theleakage induced by bile salt was reduced in the presence of Tween. Tween80couldsignificantly (P<0.05) promote c9，t11CLA production in the ISL, simultaneously. Oneof the reasons was attributed to the increase of production of LA isomerae of unit cell.Additionally, when the Tween80was added in the ISL, the18:1(c9) oleic acid, whichis the fat acid composition of Tween80, can enter the cellular and be converted into19:0(cyc) cyclpopropane fatty acid. These two fatty acids can inhibit the reduction ofcell membrane fluidity induced by bile salt.
The effects of different prebiotics on L.acidophilus F0221growth and c9, t11CLAproduction were investigated in vitro colon simulation liquid (CSL). It was found thatgalactooligosaccharides (GOS) and arabinogalactan (AG) could significantly (P<0.05)enhance cell density and c9, t11CLA production of the strain.A major reason was thatthe metabolites of GOS and AG, including glucose and galactose, could promote the growth of L.acidophilus F0221in the CLS. Additionally, the metabolites of GOS andAG, including acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid, could increase cell membranepermeability, the chance of substrate LA into the cell, the contact frequency of LA andLA isomerase and then increase the c9, t11CLA production.
The in vivo c9, t11CLA levels and immunomodulatory function of L.acidophilusF0221was investigated in mice. The results demonstrated that L.acidophilus F0221could significantly (P<0.05) increase lactobacillus count and c9, t11CLA levels in theileum and colon. This result indicated that the L.acidophilus F0221could grow andproduce c9, t11CLA in the intestinal tract. The levels of c9, t11CLA and oleic in serum,liver and adipose tissue were also significantly (P<0.05) increased, and the linoleic acid(LA) and arachidonic acid levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased.At the sametime, the serum prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels was significantly (P<0.05) decreased.Since the widely negative effects of PGE2in the immune system, the serum IL-2andTNF-α level, proliferation of spleen lymphocyte and phagocytosis activity of peritonealmacrophage were significantly (P<0.05) increased. These results indicated that theL.acidophilus F0221could enhance specific and non-specific immunity in mice.
The effect of Tween80and GOS on functional properties of strain.F0221was alsoinvestigated in vivo. It was found that Tween80and GOS could significantly (P<0.05)enhance c9, t11CLA levels in vivo and immunomodulatory function in mice. Thesefinding suggested that Tween80and GOS might have potentiality as facilitating agentsthat help F0221to exert an enhanced immune function.
引文
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