量子点半导体光放大器的基础理论与在信号处理中的应用
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摘要
现代社会快速增长的通信需求使得发展超高速光通信系统成为当前光通信领域的研究热点。本论文主要依托于国家高技术研究发展计划(批准号：2009AA03Z405),紧密围绕量子点半导体光放大器(QD-SOA)的基础理论与在信号处理方面的实际应用展开,为超高速光通信系统中的全光信号处理提供关键技术支撑,主要内容及创新点如下：
1通过建立和完善简化模型和频谱模型两类用于QD-SOA基础理论研究和应用仿真研究的基本理论模型,改进了传统的数值计算方法,提高了数值计算的准确性,使计算速度得到了阶跃式提升。
2对QD-SOA的稳态特性进行了研究。给出了局部增益和局部材料折射率的闭合解,使快速定量表征特定QD-SOA的稳态特性成为可能；基于数值解和闭合解研究了输入光强、注入电流等外部参数以及量子点密度、量子点群的非均匀展宽程度、自发辐射寿命等内部参数对QD-SOA稳态特性的影响。另外还根据典型QD-SOA的增益谱特性提出了一种以双模量子点为核心内容的制备具有平坦增益谱特性的QD-SOA的理论方案。
3对QD-SOA的动态特性进行了研究。在研究了QD-SOA的动态特性的基本特征的基础上,初步给出QD-SOA中增益动态特性与相位动态特性变化不同步的数值证明和理论解释。通过理论分析与数值研究相结合给出了能够反映QD-SOA基本物理本质的局部增益动态特性的闭合解,该闭合解由瞬时特性和延时特性共同组成,使简化定量表征QD-SOA的动态特性成为可能。不仅定性地给出了各参数对局部增益及局部材料折射率的动态特性的影响效果,还结合定性研究的结论和闭合解工作,定量证明了QD-SOA的增益恢复速度与自发辐射寿命呈反比这一重要结论。
4研究了QD-SOA在超高速光开关中的应用。以体材料半导体光放大器(bulk-SOA)为传统光放大器的典型代表,对比研究了QD-SOA在马赫增德尔干涉仪(MZI)型及Sagnac环型光开关中的优势和特点。证明了基于QD-SOA的MZI型光开关具有应用于>100Gbit/s乃至Tbit/s的超高速光通信系统中的可能。针对性地提出了基于QD-SOA的MZI型光开关的改进方案,即采用具有一定宽度的方波信号或者方波信号与超短脉冲的组合作为控制信号将使光开关性能得到明显改善。研究了非平衡的MZI型光开关的基本特性,得到改变耦合器的耦合比对光开关性能的影响。研究基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关中信号从QD-SOA的两端输入对开关性能的影响,指出了基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关与基于传统光放大器的Sagnac环型光开关的不同,从而得到了基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关应用于高速光通信系统中的特殊性。
5研究了基于QD-SOA的交叉增益调制在超高速光波长变换中的应用。结合QD-SOA的静态特性与动态特性给出了参数选择的基本原则；通过计算不同情况下的消光比,指出了信号波长与信号光强对波长变换性能的影响,进一步给出了相应的应用原则。
The rapid growth of communication requirements in modern society makes the development of ultra-fast optical communication systems becomes the frontier of optical communication. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2009AA03Z405), the research works presented in this doctoral thesis focus on the basic theory and the applications in signal processing of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs), providing support to the key technology in ultra-fast optical communication systems. The main contents and innovative ideas are listed below:
1A simplified model and a spectral model have been established and improved, for taking research on the basic theory and simulating of the applications of QD-SOAs. The traditional numerical calculating methods have been improved, leading to more accurate numerical results, and accelerated the calculating speed rapidly.
2The steady state properties of QD-SOAs have been studied. Close-form solutions of the local gain and local refractive index have been given out, making possible the quantitative characterization of the steady state properties of QD-SOAs. The potential effect leading by extrinsic parameters, including inputted signal and injected currents, and intrinsic parameters, including the density of quantum dots (QDs), the inhomogeneous broadening and the spontaneous emission lifetime, has been studied basic on numerical results and close-form results. Additionally, A theoretical scheme for manufacturing QD-SOAs with flat gain spectrum has been presented.
3The dynamic properties of QD-SOAs have been studied. Basic on the studying of general characters, the asynchronize of the gain dynamic and phase dynamic has been proved by numerical results and explained by physical theory. The close-form solutions of local gain dynamic, including transient response and time-delay characteristics, have been established by combining the theoretical analysis and numerical analysis, making possible the quantitative characterization of the dynamic properties of QD-SOAs. The qualitative analysis of the impact to the dynamic properties by extrinsic parameters and intrinsic parameters has been given out, and the quantitative analysis has proved that the speed of gain recovery is inversely proportional with the spontaneous emission lifetime.
4The applications of QD-SOAs in ultra-fast optical switch have been studied. Compared with Bulk-SOA, which is treated as a typical traditional optical amplifier, QD-SOAs'advantages and properties in optical switches based on MZI or Sagnac ring have been analyzed. The optical switch based on QD-SOAs have been proved to be potential in ultra-fast (>100Gbit/s or even Tbit/s) optical commutation system. The optical switch base on QD-SOAs have been improved by replacing the traditional control pulses to two square signals or a square signal and an pulse signal, making the switch performance better. The properties of symmetric MZI optical amplifiers have also been analyzed by considering the couplers with different ration. The simulations and analysis indicate that optical signals transmit in opposite directions in Sagnac ring based on QD-SOAs shows different impact on the switch, comparing with on bulk-SOAs.
5Ultra-fast optical wavelength conversion based on cross gain modulation (XGM) in QD-SOAs have been studied. Basic rules for choosing parameters of signals have been summarized by combing the steady state properties and dynamic properties of QD-SOAs. The power and wavelength of signals proved to be important to the extinction ratio of output signal, leading to some additional rules in corresponding applications.
1通过建立和完善简化模型和频谱模型两类用于QD-SOA基础理论研究和应用仿真研究的基本理论模型,改进了传统的数值计算方法,提高了数值计算的准确性,使计算速度得到了阶跃式提升。
2对QD-SOA的稳态特性进行了研究。给出了局部增益和局部材料折射率的闭合解,使快速定量表征特定QD-SOA的稳态特性成为可能；基于数值解和闭合解研究了输入光强、注入电流等外部参数以及量子点密度、量子点群的非均匀展宽程度、自发辐射寿命等内部参数对QD-SOA稳态特性的影响。另外还根据典型QD-SOA的增益谱特性提出了一种以双模量子点为核心内容的制备具有平坦增益谱特性的QD-SOA的理论方案。
3对QD-SOA的动态特性进行了研究。在研究了QD-SOA的动态特性的基本特征的基础上,初步给出QD-SOA中增益动态特性与相位动态特性变化不同步的数值证明和理论解释。通过理论分析与数值研究相结合给出了能够反映QD-SOA基本物理本质的局部增益动态特性的闭合解,该闭合解由瞬时特性和延时特性共同组成,使简化定量表征QD-SOA的动态特性成为可能。不仅定性地给出了各参数对局部增益及局部材料折射率的动态特性的影响效果,还结合定性研究的结论和闭合解工作,定量证明了QD-SOA的增益恢复速度与自发辐射寿命呈反比这一重要结论。
4研究了QD-SOA在超高速光开关中的应用。以体材料半导体光放大器(bulk-SOA)为传统光放大器的典型代表,对比研究了QD-SOA在马赫增德尔干涉仪(MZI)型及Sagnac环型光开关中的优势和特点。证明了基于QD-SOA的MZI型光开关具有应用于>100Gbit/s乃至Tbit/s的超高速光通信系统中的可能。针对性地提出了基于QD-SOA的MZI型光开关的改进方案,即采用具有一定宽度的方波信号或者方波信号与超短脉冲的组合作为控制信号将使光开关性能得到明显改善。研究了非平衡的MZI型光开关的基本特性,得到改变耦合器的耦合比对光开关性能的影响。研究基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关中信号从QD-SOA的两端输入对开关性能的影响,指出了基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关与基于传统光放大器的Sagnac环型光开关的不同,从而得到了基于QD-SOA的Sagnac环型光开关应用于高速光通信系统中的特殊性。
5研究了基于QD-SOA的交叉增益调制在超高速光波长变换中的应用。结合QD-SOA的静态特性与动态特性给出了参数选择的基本原则；通过计算不同情况下的消光比,指出了信号波长与信号光强对波长变换性能的影响,进一步给出了相应的应用原则。
The rapid growth of communication requirements in modern society makes the development of ultra-fast optical communication systems becomes the frontier of optical communication. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2009AA03Z405), the research works presented in this doctoral thesis focus on the basic theory and the applications in signal processing of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (QD-SOAs), providing support to the key technology in ultra-fast optical communication systems. The main contents and innovative ideas are listed below:
1A simplified model and a spectral model have been established and improved, for taking research on the basic theory and simulating of the applications of QD-SOAs. The traditional numerical calculating methods have been improved, leading to more accurate numerical results, and accelerated the calculating speed rapidly.
2The steady state properties of QD-SOAs have been studied. Close-form solutions of the local gain and local refractive index have been given out, making possible the quantitative characterization of the steady state properties of QD-SOAs. The potential effect leading by extrinsic parameters, including inputted signal and injected currents, and intrinsic parameters, including the density of quantum dots (QDs), the inhomogeneous broadening and the spontaneous emission lifetime, has been studied basic on numerical results and close-form results. Additionally, A theoretical scheme for manufacturing QD-SOAs with flat gain spectrum has been presented.
3The dynamic properties of QD-SOAs have been studied. Basic on the studying of general characters, the asynchronize of the gain dynamic and phase dynamic has been proved by numerical results and explained by physical theory. The close-form solutions of local gain dynamic, including transient response and time-delay characteristics, have been established by combining the theoretical analysis and numerical analysis, making possible the quantitative characterization of the dynamic properties of QD-SOAs. The qualitative analysis of the impact to the dynamic properties by extrinsic parameters and intrinsic parameters has been given out, and the quantitative analysis has proved that the speed of gain recovery is inversely proportional with the spontaneous emission lifetime.
4The applications of QD-SOAs in ultra-fast optical switch have been studied. Compared with Bulk-SOA, which is treated as a typical traditional optical amplifier, QD-SOAs'advantages and properties in optical switches based on MZI or Sagnac ring have been analyzed. The optical switch based on QD-SOAs have been proved to be potential in ultra-fast (>100Gbit/s or even Tbit/s) optical commutation system. The optical switch base on QD-SOAs have been improved by replacing the traditional control pulses to two square signals or a square signal and an pulse signal, making the switch performance better. The properties of symmetric MZI optical amplifiers have also been analyzed by considering the couplers with different ration. The simulations and analysis indicate that optical signals transmit in opposite directions in Sagnac ring based on QD-SOAs shows different impact on the switch, comparing with on bulk-SOAs.
5Ultra-fast optical wavelength conversion based on cross gain modulation (XGM) in QD-SOAs have been studied. Basic rules for choosing parameters of signals have been summarized by combing the steady state properties and dynamic properties of QD-SOAs. The power and wavelength of signals proved to be important to the extinction ratio of output signal, leading to some additional rules in corresponding applications.
引文
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