空间地理数据剖分网络协议研究
摘要
随着地理信息系统应用领域的不断深入、技术手段和应用需求的不断发展,要求地理信息系统从局部应用向全球化、纵深化发展。地理信息系统科学的发展呈现出处理信息量大、实时性强、分布性广、处理数据粒度细等特点,迫切需要一种新的空间信息处理方案,以及全新的数字地球平台,以适应新的应用需求。这种新的方案要求能够进行区域大小灵活可变、编目统一、索引高效和拼接方便地进行空间海量信息的存储、调度和分发处理。这就是本文研究的GeoIP协议。
GeoIP协议需要解决以下问题:新型地球剖分模型的建立、剖分面片信息数据的全球统一编码、剖分数据的统一存储调度、GeoIP协议架构模型的建立。突破传统的分幅、分带和分景地理信息处理模式,突出全新的统一动态多尺度多级别多权限存储机制,能对剖分面片进行编码、调度、存储、分发与传输控制。
目前剖分模型各有优势但在表达地理空间信息方面都存在不足之处。根据科学性、层次性、实用性、通用性、稳定性等原则对经纬度剖分模型进行了改善,采用层级式剖分,以经纬度为参照系进行网格剖分,模型简单。根据剖分模型,提出了一种基于剖分面片的域式编码方法SPDE(Subdivision Patch Domain Encoding Method)。该方法不仅考虑面片自身的剖分层次,而且将空间信息的时间、存储地址、存储模式、优先级别等属性列入编码范畴,支持“空间为基准、时间为属性”的空时标识体系,有效实现了剖分面片的全球唯一性编码标识。SPDE方法能全息表达空间信息,通过编码技术和方法从已有的剖分信息中分析出实体的全部信息内容,根据上层剖分面片信息可以推断下层剖分面片信息。SPDE方法为支持全球的、多分辨率的、多尺度变换的、开放的层次性空间信息表达奠定基础。
在SPDE编码基础上,提出了一种基于剖分面片存储、路由的多地址映射合成方法MAMI(Multi-address Mapping Integration Method)。SPDE将地物地址、存储地址和编码地址有机合成,根据地址映射关系,可将某一地理位置的剖分面片静态地分配到预设集群存储服务器,实现“位置即编码,编码即存储”,即根据地物位置确定编码,根据编码决定存储位置。
借鉴计算机网络处理方法,建立了一种基于SPDE和MAMI的GeoIP空间海量信息网络处理架构模型——空间数据网络处理模型SDND（Spatial DataNetwork Dealing Model）。SDND模型采用分层原则，根据功能包括高速宽带链路接口层、GeoIP面片路由寻址层、剖分面片UDT可靠传输层和基于G/S模式的剖分面片信息表达应用层等四个层次。高速宽带链路层主要实现高可靠性的透明传输；GeoIP面片路由寻址层采用以静态路由为主、动态路由为辅的路由算法，实现“存储即位置，位置即路由”；剖分面片UDT可靠传输层主要完成从源端机到目的机的可靠、经济数据传输；剖分面片信息应用层采用面向G/S模式的数据分散、信息汇聚、服务聚合方法DDICSP，实现了对复杂空间数据的综合生动显示，降低了空间数据网络访问对服务器端的计算复杂度。
论文的主要研究成果和创新点如下：
1．提出了一种基于剖分面片的的域式编码方法SPDE（Subdivision PatchDomain Encoding Method）。在对传统的经纬度地球剖分模型改进的基础上，提出了基于剖分面片的域式编码方法。该编码不仅考虑面片自身的剖分层次，而且将空间信息的时间、存储地址、存储模式、优先级别等属性列入编码范畴，有效实现了剖分面片的全球唯一性编码标识（GUID：Global Unique Identification），从而为支持全球的、多分辨率的、多尺度变换的、开放的层次性空间信息表达奠定基础。
2．提出了一种基于剖分面片存储、路由的多地址映射合成方法MAMI（Multi-Address Mapping Integration Method）。通过MAMI方法将空间地址（空间位置）、存储地址、实物编码地址联系在一起，实现了“存储即位置、位置即路由”SLLR（Storage is Location & Location is Routing）。在SPDE基础上，提出了剖分面片静态定位集群存储处理方案，将某一地理位置的剖分面片静态地分配到预设的集群存储服务器，实现了根据实物位置定位存储空间数据信息。在网络路由方面实现了存储服务器和剖分面片之间的映射关系，即根据编码确定位置，根据位置确定存储，根据存储确定路由，进而简化了空间信息数据网络传输的复杂路由。
3．建立了一种基于SPDE和MAMI的GeoIP（Geographic Internet Protocol）架构模型——空间数据网络处理模型SDND（Spatial Data Network DealingModel）。在SPDE和MAMI的基础上，借鉴TCP/IP协议，提出了包含高速宽带链路层、GeoIP面片路由层、UDT可靠面片传输层以及面向G/S模式的信息表达应用层的GeoIP空间数据信息网络处理架构模型。在该模型上采用数据分散、信息汇聚、服务聚合的方法DDICSA(Data Decentralization & InformationConvergence & Services Aggregation)，实现了对空间复杂数据的综合生动显示，降低了空间数据网络访问对服务器端的计算复杂度。
With the broadening of application domain of Geographic Information System(GIS) and the rapid development of spatial information techniques and application requirement, the GIS is demanded to develop from local application to global application in depth. The geographic information system science takes on enormous、real time、distributed、fine-grained character and so on. So a new spatial information processing scheme and bran-new digital earth platform is pressed for so as to adapt to new change. This new scheme will deal with mass spatial information such as storage、dispatch and dispensation and in the scheme, the scale of area can be changed neatly、the catalogue should be unified、the index should be highly-efficiency and the split joint of the spatial position should be expedient. This geographic identification protocol of spatial data subdivision (GeoIP) will solve these problems and this thesis will study GeoIP.
The GeoIP will solve the problems such as the instauration of new earth subdivision model、the global encoding of subdivision patch congruously、the storage and dispatch of subdivision data conformably、the construction model of GeoIP. The GeoIP is a new protocol which can break through the traditional mode of separation picture、zoning and split field and stand out bran-new spatial information dealing mode. In this model, the encoding、processing and transmission of subdivision patch have been defined.
The earth is a complicated system. First of all, we should locate and distill the investigative object and this work is subdivision and encoding. The polyhedron subdivision model、self-adapting subdivision model and subdivision model based on latitude and longitude are common subdivision models. Though these models have itself advantage, they have shortcomings in expressing the geographic spatial information. According to the basic principle of scientificity、hierarchy、practicability、commonality and stability, the subdivision model based on latitude and longitude has been put forward and the model adopts grid subdivision by the frame of reference of latitude and longitude. The model is simple and the encoding is also convenient.
According to the subdivision model, the subdivision patch domain encoding method(SPDE) is built in the thesis. The SPDE adopts numeric string which likes the head information of IP data message in TCP/IP network protocol to express whole information of spatial entity in order to predigest data storage form and to save storage space. At the same time, the time information of the subdivision patch can be taken into account. The spatial information and time information have been bound together and the Space-Time Record Structure which is based on space and the time is an important attribute is shaped. The domain encoding is a system of multiple scales and multi-tiered. The ultimate character of SPDE is that can express holographic spatial information. That is to say, the whole information of the researched entity can be analysed from existing subdivision information by encoding technique and method. The SPDE is the base of global、multi-resolution、multi-scale and open spatial information express.
According to the SPDE, the method named MAMI method(Multi-address Mapping Integration) is put forward in the thesis. The SPDE integrates the address of ground object、the address of patch storage and encoding address. On the basis of address mapping relation, the subdivision patch can be stored in predetermined cluster server so as to realize the LEES(Location is Encoding and Encoding is Storage) .That is to say, the encoding can be decided by ground object and the storage can be decided by encoding. In the cluster, a node host acts as cluster management and all information requests are received and disposed by this node. The all nodes of the cluster have buffer in local memory. When a node will use memory data of the others, these data will be pushed into the local buffer by network. The storage mode can solve the problems of load balancing、high availability storage and centralized management in data storage effectually.
Use the experience of computer network, the SDND(Spatial Data Network Dealing) model based on the SPDE and MAMI is built. The SDND includes the high-speed broadband link interface layer、GeoIP subdivision patch routing addressing layer、UDT subdivision patch transport layer and subdivision patch information application layer.The function of the high-speed broadband link interface layer is to realize the high-reliability and transparent data transport by using the serial data transmission function which is provided by physical layer.The subdivision patch routing addressing layer is the bottom layer in dealing the subdivision data of end-to-end transmission and routing algorithm is needed.The task of unfailing UDT subdivision patch transport layer is to provide reliable and reasonable data transmission from source to destination.
The subdivision patch information application layer will express spatial information by the way of multiple-source、multi temporal analysis、multi-resolution、multi-dimension、heterogeneity and magnanimity. And the conceptual model、organic model and data storage model of spatial data will change greatly. The traditional modes of Client/Server and Browser/Server are not easy to adapt loose coupling of internet. So in this thesis adopts DDICSA(Data Decentralization & Information Convergence & Services Aggregation) method which is oriented to G/S(Geo-Information Browser/Spatial Data Cluster) mode in information express. G/S mode is standard data interchange based on the HGML(Hyper-geography Markup Language). In this mode, the function of space-vector model rebuilt and three-dimensional graphics operation can be implemented. The G/S mode constructs compositive circumstance of calculation and resource and can realize share in word and deed. The end of G can analyse and calculate powerful spatial information and the user can use multi-source information and receive all kinds of service at the same time. The end of S can provide servers such of user authentication、dispatch control、data access、zip and unzip. The DDICSA can display complicated spatial information vividly and reduce computation complexity of spatial data network access at the end of Server.
The main achievements and innovation of the thesis is as follows:
1. The subdivision patch domain encoding method (SPDE) is put forward. This encoding method not only takes into account the subdivision levels but also puts the attributes of spatial information such as the time of spatial information、storage address、storage mode and so on into the encoding category. Thus the global unique identification (GUID) can be realized.
2. The multi-address mapping integration method(MAMI) is brought forward.The spatial address、storage addrss and encoding address are bound by the MAMI and the requirement of SLLR(storage is location and location is routing) can be met. The scheme of cluster storage is brought forward on the base of SPDE, the subdivision patch should be stored into the default cluster server and the network routing should be clear according to the mapping relation of cluster server and subdivision patch.That is to say, we can confirm the location by encoding, confirm the storage by location and confirm the routing by the storage.
3. The architecture model named spatial data network dealing (SDND) which is based on the SPDE and MAMI method is built.The model includes four layers:high-speed and broad-band link layer,GeoIP subdivision patch routing layer, reliable UDT patch transport layer and information application layer oriented G/S mode. The model adopted the strategy of data decentralization、information convergence and services aggregation.The SDND model can display the complicated spatial information vividly and increase the efficiency of network access to spatial information data.
The SDND model of GeoIP architecture fuses the techniques of subdivision、cluster and high-speed transmission. The mode of G/S provides normative and feasible technique construction for the application of spatial information under the circumstance of computer network. The thesis provides technique reference for uniform、global、consecutive and dynamic application of geographic information. The above solutions provide new theory and research technique for mass spatial data processing, and it is practical and should be promoted. It is believed that the series of theory will be an important study direction in the future.
GeoIP协议需要解决以下问题:新型地球剖分模型的建立、剖分面片信息数据的全球统一编码、剖分数据的统一存储调度、GeoIP协议架构模型的建立。突破传统的分幅、分带和分景地理信息处理模式,突出全新的统一动态多尺度多级别多权限存储机制,能对剖分面片进行编码、调度、存储、分发与传输控制。
目前剖分模型各有优势但在表达地理空间信息方面都存在不足之处。根据科学性、层次性、实用性、通用性、稳定性等原则对经纬度剖分模型进行了改善,采用层级式剖分,以经纬度为参照系进行网格剖分,模型简单。根据剖分模型,提出了一种基于剖分面片的域式编码方法SPDE(Subdivision Patch Domain Encoding Method)。该方法不仅考虑面片自身的剖分层次,而且将空间信息的时间、存储地址、存储模式、优先级别等属性列入编码范畴,支持“空间为基准、时间为属性”的空时标识体系,有效实现了剖分面片的全球唯一性编码标识。SPDE方法能全息表达空间信息,通过编码技术和方法从已有的剖分信息中分析出实体的全部信息内容,根据上层剖分面片信息可以推断下层剖分面片信息。SPDE方法为支持全球的、多分辨率的、多尺度变换的、开放的层次性空间信息表达奠定基础。
在SPDE编码基础上,提出了一种基于剖分面片存储、路由的多地址映射合成方法MAMI(Multi-address Mapping Integration Method)。SPDE将地物地址、存储地址和编码地址有机合成,根据地址映射关系,可将某一地理位置的剖分面片静态地分配到预设集群存储服务器,实现“位置即编码,编码即存储”,即根据地物位置确定编码,根据编码决定存储位置。
借鉴计算机网络处理方法,建立了一种基于SPDE和MAMI的GeoIP空间海量信息网络处理架构模型——空间数据网络处理模型SDND（Spatial DataNetwork Dealing Model）。SDND模型采用分层原则，根据功能包括高速宽带链路接口层、GeoIP面片路由寻址层、剖分面片UDT可靠传输层和基于G/S模式的剖分面片信息表达应用层等四个层次。高速宽带链路层主要实现高可靠性的透明传输；GeoIP面片路由寻址层采用以静态路由为主、动态路由为辅的路由算法，实现“存储即位置，位置即路由”；剖分面片UDT可靠传输层主要完成从源端机到目的机的可靠、经济数据传输；剖分面片信息应用层采用面向G/S模式的数据分散、信息汇聚、服务聚合方法DDICSP，实现了对复杂空间数据的综合生动显示，降低了空间数据网络访问对服务器端的计算复杂度。
论文的主要研究成果和创新点如下：
1．提出了一种基于剖分面片的的域式编码方法SPDE（Subdivision PatchDomain Encoding Method）。在对传统的经纬度地球剖分模型改进的基础上，提出了基于剖分面片的域式编码方法。该编码不仅考虑面片自身的剖分层次，而且将空间信息的时间、存储地址、存储模式、优先级别等属性列入编码范畴，有效实现了剖分面片的全球唯一性编码标识（GUID：Global Unique Identification），从而为支持全球的、多分辨率的、多尺度变换的、开放的层次性空间信息表达奠定基础。
2．提出了一种基于剖分面片存储、路由的多地址映射合成方法MAMI（Multi-Address Mapping Integration Method）。通过MAMI方法将空间地址（空间位置）、存储地址、实物编码地址联系在一起，实现了“存储即位置、位置即路由”SLLR（Storage is Location & Location is Routing）。在SPDE基础上，提出了剖分面片静态定位集群存储处理方案，将某一地理位置的剖分面片静态地分配到预设的集群存储服务器，实现了根据实物位置定位存储空间数据信息。在网络路由方面实现了存储服务器和剖分面片之间的映射关系，即根据编码确定位置，根据位置确定存储，根据存储确定路由，进而简化了空间信息数据网络传输的复杂路由。
3．建立了一种基于SPDE和MAMI的GeoIP（Geographic Internet Protocol）架构模型——空间数据网络处理模型SDND（Spatial Data Network DealingModel）。在SPDE和MAMI的基础上，借鉴TCP/IP协议，提出了包含高速宽带链路层、GeoIP面片路由层、UDT可靠面片传输层以及面向G/S模式的信息表达应用层的GeoIP空间数据信息网络处理架构模型。在该模型上采用数据分散、信息汇聚、服务聚合的方法DDICSA(Data Decentralization & InformationConvergence & Services Aggregation)，实现了对空间复杂数据的综合生动显示，降低了空间数据网络访问对服务器端的计算复杂度。
With the broadening of application domain of Geographic Information System(GIS) and the rapid development of spatial information techniques and application requirement, the GIS is demanded to develop from local application to global application in depth. The geographic information system science takes on enormous、real time、distributed、fine-grained character and so on. So a new spatial information processing scheme and bran-new digital earth platform is pressed for so as to adapt to new change. This new scheme will deal with mass spatial information such as storage、dispatch and dispensation and in the scheme, the scale of area can be changed neatly、the catalogue should be unified、the index should be highly-efficiency and the split joint of the spatial position should be expedient. This geographic identification protocol of spatial data subdivision (GeoIP) will solve these problems and this thesis will study GeoIP.
The GeoIP will solve the problems such as the instauration of new earth subdivision model、the global encoding of subdivision patch congruously、the storage and dispatch of subdivision data conformably、the construction model of GeoIP. The GeoIP is a new protocol which can break through the traditional mode of separation picture、zoning and split field and stand out bran-new spatial information dealing mode. In this model, the encoding、processing and transmission of subdivision patch have been defined.
The earth is a complicated system. First of all, we should locate and distill the investigative object and this work is subdivision and encoding. The polyhedron subdivision model、self-adapting subdivision model and subdivision model based on latitude and longitude are common subdivision models. Though these models have itself advantage, they have shortcomings in expressing the geographic spatial information. According to the basic principle of scientificity、hierarchy、practicability、commonality and stability, the subdivision model based on latitude and longitude has been put forward and the model adopts grid subdivision by the frame of reference of latitude and longitude. The model is simple and the encoding is also convenient.
According to the subdivision model, the subdivision patch domain encoding method(SPDE) is built in the thesis. The SPDE adopts numeric string which likes the head information of IP data message in TCP/IP network protocol to express whole information of spatial entity in order to predigest data storage form and to save storage space. At the same time, the time information of the subdivision patch can be taken into account. The spatial information and time information have been bound together and the Space-Time Record Structure which is based on space and the time is an important attribute is shaped. The domain encoding is a system of multiple scales and multi-tiered. The ultimate character of SPDE is that can express holographic spatial information. That is to say, the whole information of the researched entity can be analysed from existing subdivision information by encoding technique and method. The SPDE is the base of global、multi-resolution、multi-scale and open spatial information express.
According to the SPDE, the method named MAMI method(Multi-address Mapping Integration) is put forward in the thesis. The SPDE integrates the address of ground object、the address of patch storage and encoding address. On the basis of address mapping relation, the subdivision patch can be stored in predetermined cluster server so as to realize the LEES(Location is Encoding and Encoding is Storage) .That is to say, the encoding can be decided by ground object and the storage can be decided by encoding. In the cluster, a node host acts as cluster management and all information requests are received and disposed by this node. The all nodes of the cluster have buffer in local memory. When a node will use memory data of the others, these data will be pushed into the local buffer by network. The storage mode can solve the problems of load balancing、high availability storage and centralized management in data storage effectually.
Use the experience of computer network, the SDND(Spatial Data Network Dealing) model based on the SPDE and MAMI is built. The SDND includes the high-speed broadband link interface layer、GeoIP subdivision patch routing addressing layer、UDT subdivision patch transport layer and subdivision patch information application layer.The function of the high-speed broadband link interface layer is to realize the high-reliability and transparent data transport by using the serial data transmission function which is provided by physical layer.The subdivision patch routing addressing layer is the bottom layer in dealing the subdivision data of end-to-end transmission and routing algorithm is needed.The task of unfailing UDT subdivision patch transport layer is to provide reliable and reasonable data transmission from source to destination.
The subdivision patch information application layer will express spatial information by the way of multiple-source、multi temporal analysis、multi-resolution、multi-dimension、heterogeneity and magnanimity. And the conceptual model、organic model and data storage model of spatial data will change greatly. The traditional modes of Client/Server and Browser/Server are not easy to adapt loose coupling of internet. So in this thesis adopts DDICSA(Data Decentralization & Information Convergence & Services Aggregation) method which is oriented to G/S(Geo-Information Browser/Spatial Data Cluster) mode in information express. G/S mode is standard data interchange based on the HGML(Hyper-geography Markup Language). In this mode, the function of space-vector model rebuilt and three-dimensional graphics operation can be implemented. The G/S mode constructs compositive circumstance of calculation and resource and can realize share in word and deed. The end of G can analyse and calculate powerful spatial information and the user can use multi-source information and receive all kinds of service at the same time. The end of S can provide servers such of user authentication、dispatch control、data access、zip and unzip. The DDICSA can display complicated spatial information vividly and reduce computation complexity of spatial data network access at the end of Server.
The main achievements and innovation of the thesis is as follows:
1. The subdivision patch domain encoding method (SPDE) is put forward. This encoding method not only takes into account the subdivision levels but also puts the attributes of spatial information such as the time of spatial information、storage address、storage mode and so on into the encoding category. Thus the global unique identification (GUID) can be realized.
2. The multi-address mapping integration method(MAMI) is brought forward.The spatial address、storage addrss and encoding address are bound by the MAMI and the requirement of SLLR(storage is location and location is routing) can be met. The scheme of cluster storage is brought forward on the base of SPDE, the subdivision patch should be stored into the default cluster server and the network routing should be clear according to the mapping relation of cluster server and subdivision patch.That is to say, we can confirm the location by encoding, confirm the storage by location and confirm the routing by the storage.
3. The architecture model named spatial data network dealing (SDND) which is based on the SPDE and MAMI method is built.The model includes four layers:high-speed and broad-band link layer,GeoIP subdivision patch routing layer, reliable UDT patch transport layer and information application layer oriented G/S mode. The model adopted the strategy of data decentralization、information convergence and services aggregation.The SDND model can display the complicated spatial information vividly and increase the efficiency of network access to spatial information data.
The SDND model of GeoIP architecture fuses the techniques of subdivision、cluster and high-speed transmission. The mode of G/S provides normative and feasible technique construction for the application of spatial information under the circumstance of computer network. The thesis provides technique reference for uniform、global、consecutive and dynamic application of geographic information. The above solutions provide new theory and research technique for mass spatial data processing, and it is practical and should be promoted. It is believed that the series of theory will be an important study direction in the future.
引文
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