大学生存在空虚与成人依恋、自我同一性的关系研究
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摘要
本研究以弗兰克尔的意义治疗学理论为根基,在此基础上自编大学生存在空虚问卷,以评估大学生存在空虚现状。使用自编大学生存在空虚问卷、亲密关系经历量表和自我同一性地位量表,调查了401名大学生被试,探讨成人依恋、自我同一性与存在空虚的关系。
研究发现:
(1)存在空虚包含生命意义、意志自由、消极情绪、意义意志4个因素;
(2)大学生存在空虚问卷的信、效度良好;
(3)存在空虚在年级、城乡、学历、独生子女、课时数等变量上差异显著;
(4)存在空虚与成人依恋、自我同一性之间存在显著相关。不同成人依恋类型(安全依恋与不安全依恋)的被试其存在空虚存在显著差异;不同自我同一性类型(自我同一性形成与自我同一性未形成)的被试其存在空虚存在显著差异;成人依恋和自我同一性对存在空虚有较好的预测作用,成人依恋还通过自我同一性对存在空虚产生影响。
The aim of this research is to develop a college student existential vacuum questionnaire based on the Frankl’s logotherapy theory and to explore the relationship among adult attachment, ego identity and existential vacuum.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. There are four factors included in existential vacuum, they are meaning of life, freedom of will, negative affect and will to meaning.
2. The College Student Existential Vacuum Questionnaire has favorable validity and reliability.
3. For existential vacuum, there are significant differences on variables such as grade, city and countryside, educational background, only child, and the number of class hour.
4. Existential vacuum is correlated with adult attachment and ego identity. Adult attachment and ego identity are good predictions of existential vacuum. Adult attachment and ego identity influence existential vacuum, meanwhile, adult attachment has indirect effect through ego identity.
研究发现:
(1)存在空虚包含生命意义、意志自由、消极情绪、意义意志4个因素;
(2)大学生存在空虚问卷的信、效度良好;
(3)存在空虚在年级、城乡、学历、独生子女、课时数等变量上差异显著;
(4)存在空虚与成人依恋、自我同一性之间存在显著相关。不同成人依恋类型(安全依恋与不安全依恋)的被试其存在空虚存在显著差异;不同自我同一性类型(自我同一性形成与自我同一性未形成)的被试其存在空虚存在显著差异;成人依恋和自我同一性对存在空虚有较好的预测作用,成人依恋还通过自我同一性对存在空虚产生影响。
The aim of this research is to develop a college student existential vacuum questionnaire based on the Frankl’s logotherapy theory and to explore the relationship among adult attachment, ego identity and existential vacuum.
The conclusions are as follows:
1. There are four factors included in existential vacuum, they are meaning of life, freedom of will, negative affect and will to meaning.
2. The College Student Existential Vacuum Questionnaire has favorable validity and reliability.
3. For existential vacuum, there are significant differences on variables such as grade, city and countryside, educational background, only child, and the number of class hour.
4. Existential vacuum is correlated with adult attachment and ego identity. Adult attachment and ego identity are good predictions of existential vacuum. Adult attachment and ego identity influence existential vacuum, meanwhile, adult attachment has indirect effect through ego identity.
引文
1、(美)埃里克森.同一性:青少年危机.杭州:浙江教育出版社, 1998.
2、樊富珉.大学生心理健康教育研究.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
3、(奥)弗兰克尔.活出意义来.北京:三联书店, 1991.
4、(奥)弗兰克尔.无意义生活之痛苦.北京:三联书店, 1992.
5、顾红亮.人格认同危机与自由人格建构.浙江社会科学, 2005,(6):137-142.
6、郭本禹.法兰克尔的意义治疗.中国临床心理学杂志, 1997,5(4):249-251.
7、郭金山.西方心理学自我同一性概念的解析.心理学进展, 2003,11(2):227-234.
8、贾林祥.意义与人生-意义治疗的理论研究.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2006:201-243.
9、贾林祥,石春.从生命意义的视角看当代大学生的心理健康及其教育.黑龙江高教研究, 2007,(9):142-145.
10、侯珂,邹泓,蒋索.社会人格取向的成人依恋研究.心理科学进展, 2005,13(5):640-650.
11、胡平,关瑜.依恋行为与情绪反应和社会归因的相关研究.心理发展与教育,2007,(4):45-49.
12、黄桂梅,张敏强.依恋的研究进展.心理发展与教育, 2003,(3):92-96.
13、李虹.自我超越生命意义对压力和健康关系的调节作用.心理学报, 2006,38(3):422-427.
14、李同归,加藤和生.成人依恋的测量:亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版.心理学报, 2006,38(3):399-406.
15、李同归,李楠欣,李敏.成人依恋与社会支持及主观幸福感的关系.中国临床康复, 2006,10(46):47-49.
16、李文道.大学生同一性发展的特点及相关因素的研究.北京师范大学博士学位论文, 2005.
17、刘小新.弗兰克尔的意义分析理论及其启示.中州学刊, 2004,(4):157-159.
18、刘永芳.青少年自我同一性的发展及其与依恋的关系.山东师范大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
19、鲁晓静,郭瞻予.成人依恋理论及其测量.现代生物医学进展, 2007,7(11):1735-1737.
20、田瑞琪.大学生成人依恋的测量及相关人格研究.上海师范大学硕士论文,2004.
21、王树青,张文新,张玲玲.大学生自我同一性状态与同一性风格、亲子沟通的关系.心理发展与教育, 2007,(1):59-65.
22、汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版).北京:中国心理卫生杂志出版社, 1999.
23、汪新建.生命意义的追寻-弗兰克之意义疗法.医学与哲学, 2000, 21(8):53-56.
24、(美)William Blair Gould.弗兰克尔:意义与人生.北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2000.
25、吴薇莉,简渝嘉,方莉.成人依恋研究.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(3):131-134.
26、吴薇莉,张伟,刘协和.成人依恋量表(AAS-1996修订版)在中国的信度和效度.四川大学学报(医学版), 2004,35(4):536-538.
27、吴薇莉,方莉.成人依恋测量研究.中国临床心理学杂志, 2004,12(2):217-220.
28、杨洁.成人依恋及其对抑郁影响的探索性研究.华东师范大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
29、杨韶刚.存在心理学.南京:南京师范大学出版社, 2000.
30、杨学峰,邓庆华.大学生常见心理问题及对策探讨.实用预防医学, 2003,10(6):970-972.
31、叶浩生.心理学理论精粹.福建:福建教育出版社, 2000.
32、俞瑞康. 720名中学生自我同一性地位研究.心理科学,2004(2):413-416.
33、张建红,魏美凤.当今大学生精神状态“脆弱性”探析.当代青年研究, 2000,(5):21-24.
34、张日 .同一性与青年期同一性地位的研究.心理科学, 2000,(4):430-434.
35、郑日昌.大学生心理咨询.济南:山东教育出版社, 2001.
36、竺培梁.大学生成人依恋、应对方式与负性情绪的关系研究.心理科学, 2007,30(5):1087-1090.
1、Adams G R. Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. A Reference Manual, 1998.
2、Ainsworth M D,Blehar M C,Water S E.Paterns of Attachment:A psychological Study of The Strange Situation.Hillsdale NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1978.
3、Archer S L. Gender Differences in Identity Development: Issues of Process, Domain and Timing. Journal of Adolescence, 1989, 12(2): 117-138.
4、Brennan W H,Sperling M B.The Structure and Function of Adult Attachment in Adults.Clinica1 and Developmental Perspectives,1994,9(2):223—225.
5、Crowell J A, Fraley R C, Shaver P R. Measurement of Individual Differences in Adolescent and Adult Attachment. In: Cassidy J, Shaver P R ed. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, 1999: 434-468.
6、Elisabeth L. Logotherapy’s Message to Parents and Teachers. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 1979, (1):10.
7、Erikson E H. Dimension of A New Identity. New York: Norton, 1974.
8、Erikson E H. Identity and Life Cycle. Intenational Universities Press, 1959.
9、Frankl V E. Psychotherapy and Existentialism: Selected papers on logotherapy. New York: Touchstone Book, 1978.
10、Frankl V E. Man’s Search for Meaning. New york: Washington Spuare press, 1984.
11、Hazan C, Zeifman D. Pair Bonds as Attachments: Evaluating the Evidence. In: Cassidy J, Shaver P R ed. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, 1999: 336-354.
12、Krause N. Longitudinal Study of Social Support and Meaning in Life. Psychology and Aging, 2007, 22(3): 456-469.
13、Freud S. The standard Edition of the Complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press, 1964: 132—143.
14、Krause N. Stressors in Highly Valued Roles, Meaning in Life, and The Physical Health Status of Older Adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2004, (59): 287-297.
15、Lopez F G, Mitchell P, Gormley B. Adult Attachment Orientations and College Student Distress: Test of A Mediational Model. Journal of Coounseling Psychology, 2002, (4): 460-467.
16、Marcia J E, Waterman A S, Matteson D R. Ego Identity: the Handbook of Psychological Research. New York, Open University Press, 1991: 205-240.
17、Peter E, Karen L D. Meaning in Life: Category Self-ratings. Psychol, 1981, 107(2): 289-293.
18、Welter P R. Counseling and the Search for Meaning. Waco, Tex: Word Books Press,1987.
19、William R M. Exploring Frank’s Purpose in Life with College Students. Coll Character, 2006, 7(1):1-10.
2、樊富珉.大学生心理健康教育研究.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002.
3、(奥)弗兰克尔.活出意义来.北京:三联书店, 1991.
4、(奥)弗兰克尔.无意义生活之痛苦.北京:三联书店, 1992.
5、顾红亮.人格认同危机与自由人格建构.浙江社会科学, 2005,(6):137-142.
6、郭本禹.法兰克尔的意义治疗.中国临床心理学杂志, 1997,5(4):249-251.
7、郭金山.西方心理学自我同一性概念的解析.心理学进展, 2003,11(2):227-234.
8、贾林祥.意义与人生-意义治疗的理论研究.青岛:中国海洋大学出版社, 2006:201-243.
9、贾林祥,石春.从生命意义的视角看当代大学生的心理健康及其教育.黑龙江高教研究, 2007,(9):142-145.
10、侯珂,邹泓,蒋索.社会人格取向的成人依恋研究.心理科学进展, 2005,13(5):640-650.
11、胡平,关瑜.依恋行为与情绪反应和社会归因的相关研究.心理发展与教育,2007,(4):45-49.
12、黄桂梅,张敏强.依恋的研究进展.心理发展与教育, 2003,(3):92-96.
13、李虹.自我超越生命意义对压力和健康关系的调节作用.心理学报, 2006,38(3):422-427.
14、李同归,加藤和生.成人依恋的测量:亲密关系经历量表(ECR)中文版.心理学报, 2006,38(3):399-406.
15、李同归,李楠欣,李敏.成人依恋与社会支持及主观幸福感的关系.中国临床康复, 2006,10(46):47-49.
16、李文道.大学生同一性发展的特点及相关因素的研究.北京师范大学博士学位论文, 2005.
17、刘小新.弗兰克尔的意义分析理论及其启示.中州学刊, 2004,(4):157-159.
18、刘永芳.青少年自我同一性的发展及其与依恋的关系.山东师范大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
19、鲁晓静,郭瞻予.成人依恋理论及其测量.现代生物医学进展, 2007,7(11):1735-1737.
20、田瑞琪.大学生成人依恋的测量及相关人格研究.上海师范大学硕士论文,2004.
21、王树青,张文新,张玲玲.大学生自我同一性状态与同一性风格、亲子沟通的关系.心理发展与教育, 2007,(1):59-65.
22、汪向东.心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版).北京:中国心理卫生杂志出版社, 1999.
23、汪新建.生命意义的追寻-弗兰克之意义疗法.医学与哲学, 2000, 21(8):53-56.
24、(美)William Blair Gould.弗兰克尔:意义与人生.北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2000.
25、吴薇莉,简渝嘉,方莉.成人依恋研究.四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(3):131-134.
26、吴薇莉,张伟,刘协和.成人依恋量表(AAS-1996修订版)在中国的信度和效度.四川大学学报(医学版), 2004,35(4):536-538.
27、吴薇莉,方莉.成人依恋测量研究.中国临床心理学杂志, 2004,12(2):217-220.
28、杨洁.成人依恋及其对抑郁影响的探索性研究.华东师范大学硕士学位论文, 2005.
29、杨韶刚.存在心理学.南京:南京师范大学出版社, 2000.
30、杨学峰,邓庆华.大学生常见心理问题及对策探讨.实用预防医学, 2003,10(6):970-972.
31、叶浩生.心理学理论精粹.福建:福建教育出版社, 2000.
32、俞瑞康. 720名中学生自我同一性地位研究.心理科学,2004(2):413-416.
33、张建红,魏美凤.当今大学生精神状态“脆弱性”探析.当代青年研究, 2000,(5):21-24.
34、张日 .同一性与青年期同一性地位的研究.心理科学, 2000,(4):430-434.
35、郑日昌.大学生心理咨询.济南:山东教育出版社, 2001.
36、竺培梁.大学生成人依恋、应对方式与负性情绪的关系研究.心理科学, 2007,30(5):1087-1090.
1、Adams G R. Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status. A Reference Manual, 1998.
2、Ainsworth M D,Blehar M C,Water S E.Paterns of Attachment:A psychological Study of The Strange Situation.Hillsdale NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,1978.
3、Archer S L. Gender Differences in Identity Development: Issues of Process, Domain and Timing. Journal of Adolescence, 1989, 12(2): 117-138.
4、Brennan W H,Sperling M B.The Structure and Function of Adult Attachment in Adults.Clinica1 and Developmental Perspectives,1994,9(2):223—225.
5、Crowell J A, Fraley R C, Shaver P R. Measurement of Individual Differences in Adolescent and Adult Attachment. In: Cassidy J, Shaver P R ed. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, 1999: 434-468.
6、Elisabeth L. Logotherapy’s Message to Parents and Teachers. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 1979, (1):10.
7、Erikson E H. Dimension of A New Identity. New York: Norton, 1974.
8、Erikson E H. Identity and Life Cycle. Intenational Universities Press, 1959.
9、Frankl V E. Psychotherapy and Existentialism: Selected papers on logotherapy. New York: Touchstone Book, 1978.
10、Frankl V E. Man’s Search for Meaning. New york: Washington Spuare press, 1984.
11、Hazan C, Zeifman D. Pair Bonds as Attachments: Evaluating the Evidence. In: Cassidy J, Shaver P R ed. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Application. New York: Guilford Press, 1999: 336-354.
12、Krause N. Longitudinal Study of Social Support and Meaning in Life. Psychology and Aging, 2007, 22(3): 456-469.
13、Freud S. The standard Edition of the Complete psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth Press, 1964: 132—143.
14、Krause N. Stressors in Highly Valued Roles, Meaning in Life, and The Physical Health Status of Older Adults. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2004, (59): 287-297.
15、Lopez F G, Mitchell P, Gormley B. Adult Attachment Orientations and College Student Distress: Test of A Mediational Model. Journal of Coounseling Psychology, 2002, (4): 460-467.
16、Marcia J E, Waterman A S, Matteson D R. Ego Identity: the Handbook of Psychological Research. New York, Open University Press, 1991: 205-240.
17、Peter E, Karen L D. Meaning in Life: Category Self-ratings. Psychol, 1981, 107(2): 289-293.
18、Welter P R. Counseling and the Search for Meaning. Waco, Tex: Word Books Press,1987.
19、William R M. Exploring Frank’s Purpose in Life with College Students. Coll Character, 2006, 7(1):1-10.