基于供应链管理的中国鲜果流通模式研究
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摘要
当前我国已经成为世界水果生产和消费大国,但我国并没有成为水果强国。我国水果供应链流通面临的现状是人们群众对水果流通提出的高要求与我国水果流通主体分散、组织化程度低,流通环节被人为分割、供应链链条断裂,供应链组织模式缺乏市场竞争力以及物流方式落后之间的矛盾,而且必会随着人们生活水平的不断提高和国际竞争的加剧而越演越烈。来自国外成功经验表明,在水果流通中实施供应链管理能够有效地协调供应链不同节点企业之间的利益、降低供应链物流成本、提高供应链整体的运作效率,进而提升我国水果产业在国际上的竞争力。在此背景下,梳理中国鲜果流通的主要模式,分析不同流通模式的绩效及其影响因素,并在此基础上,提出如何构建适合我国国情的基于供应链管理的鲜果流通模式就成为一个亟待解决的现实问题了。
     本文以柑橘为例,基于水果种植者的视角,以交易成本经济学、资源基础理论和核心能力理论、价值链理论、委托——代理理论作为理论基础,以交易成本分析法、实地调研法作为研究的方法,以半对数多元线性回归模型、结构方程模型及粒子群优化算法和支持向量机(SVM-PSO)作为研究工具,首先分析了影响中国鲜果流通模式绩效的因素,在此基础上,深入研究了影响水果种植者选择不同类型流通通道的因素,探讨了我国鲜果流通关系状况及其影响因素,考察了当前我国鲜果流通中物流方式状况,并分析了在我国鲜果流通中实施第三方物流的可能性,具体提出了如何评价和选择第三方物流服务提供商的方法,最后对构建基于供应链管理的我国鲜果流通模式提出了相关的对策和建议。
     本文的贡献和可能的创新之处有三点:(1)构建了一个流通模式研究的新框架,绩效:现有流通模式绩效影响因素分析—行为:鲜果流通渠道选择—关系:鲜果流通关系考量—方式:鲜果物流方式探讨—绩效优化的流通模式构建:基于供应链管理的理念和方法,提出了从建立鲜果流通通道联盟、构建基于供应链合作伙伴关系的鲜果流通关系、优化鲜果物流方式3个方面实施鲜果流通模式创新的对策建议。(2)基于资产专用性视角,建立了一个资产专用性投资收益比较分析的鲜果流通通道选择框架,深入分析资产专用性对水果种植者选择流通通道的作用机理,得出了不同程度的专有资产投资需要有不同的流通通道与之相匹配的结论。(3)提出了第三方物流服务提供商(3PLS)的评价指标体系,构建了基于粒子群优化算法的支持向量机的模型来评价和选择鲜果第三方物流服务提供商,为我国鲜果流通中实施第三方物流提供有意义的参考。
     本文的主要内容和重要观点如下:
     详细介绍本论文的研究背景及研究意义、研究的问题及研究的意义,对相关概念进行了界定,介绍了本文的研究内容及目标、研究所使用的方法和技术路线,大致描述整体的研究内容。
     详细地论述和评价了水果供应链流通的理论基础:交易成本理论、企业资源基础理论和核心能力理论、价值链理论及委托代理理论。全面、系统地对农产品供应链、农产品物流及农产品供应链管理、农产品物流管理、农产品供应链组织模式、物流模式的文献进行回顾与评述。并构建了本文的基于供应链管理的鲜果流通模式的分析框架。
     回顾农产品流通供应链绩效研究相关文献,考察了中国鲜果流通主要模式与特点,基于实地调查数据,对影响我国鲜果流通模式绩效的因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,对水果种植者鲜果流通模式绩效的有正向影响的因素有:选择紧密的流通模式、在流通中与收购者建立稳定的合作伙伴关系、提高物流效率和物流水平、降低水果流通供应链的交易成本和市场不确定性、提高水果的品质、适度加大对果园投入和建设力度并采取规模化种植、水果种植者有较高的受教育程度和技术水平、水果种植专业化。
     回顾农产品供应链模式选择相关文献,基于实地调查数据,对水果种植者选择鲜果流通通道意愿的进行实证分析。研究发现:水果种植者选择基于紧密合作关系流通通道的原因在于:降低交易成本和市场风险、较高程度专用资产投资、种植历史长、种植规模大、文化程度高、收入来源单一、拥有较少组织资源。构建一个专有资产投资收益分析模型,深入分析资产专用性对水果种植者选择流通通道的作用机理。
     分析了供应链合作伙伴关系的理论基础,回顾供应链合作伙伴关系、信任、承诺、关系资本等相关文献,界定水果流通供应链合作伙伴关系、信任、承诺、关系资本等概念,基于实地调研数据,对水果流通关系资本的影响因素以及关系资本与水果供应链伙伴合作状态之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究发现:鲜果流通的关系资本的提升有助于增强鲜果流通供应链合作伙伴间的信任和承诺;水果供应链合作伙伴组织适应性、合作伙伴能力、合作伙伴声誉、合作伙伴资产专用性投入程度、水果供应链转移资本与水果流通关系资本正相关;水果流通的关系资本对供应链伙伴合作状态有显著的促进作用。
     回顾物流方式、第三方物流等相关文献,分析我国鲜果物流的现状,论证在我国水果流通中发展第三方物流的必要性,提出基于支持向量机——粒子群优化算法的评价和选择第三方物流提供商的综合法。
     在分析欧盟、美国、东亚国家基于供应链管理的鲜果流通模式的特点,剖析佳沛成功经验的基础上,总结对中国供应链水果流通的启示:建立起以农户为基础的、以合作组织为纽带的新型水果流通体系;加快批发市场转型,不断完善水果批发市场的配套服务设施和法制建设;继续推进水果流通超市化和连锁化;加快发展高效的水果物流体系。
     总结论文研究结论,从建立鲜果流通通道联盟、构建基于供应链合作伙伴关系的鲜果流通关系、优化鲜果物流方式3个方面,提出促成构建基于供应链管理的水果流通模式的政策建议。
At present, China has become the largest fruits producing and consumption country in the world, but it is not strong trade country. China fruit industry is faced with the contradiction between consumers'higher requirements for fruit logistic and dispersedness of fruit circulation participant, the level of organization is low, links of circulation been carved up and supply chains are disrupted by artificially, the organization of supply chain is lack the market competitiveness and the lagged circulation ways and so on. The successful experiences form foreign country show implement supply chain management in fruit logistic can coordinate the interest in different links in fresh fruit supply chain, induce the logistic costs, improve the integer operate efficiency of the logistics system, and then increase fruit industry international competitiveness. Against this background, teasing out the main fresh fruit logistic modes in China, analyzing the performance in different logistic modes and the influencing factors, on the basis of this analysis, puting forward building a fresh fruit logistic mode based on supply chain suitable to Chain is become a urgent issues to tackle.
     The paper take citrus as an example, from the perspective of fruit growers, based on theory of transaction cost, resource base theory and core competence theory, value chain theory and principal-agent theory, take transaction cost analysis and field research method as a research method, use the semilog multivariate linear regression model, SEM, and support vector machine-particle swarm optimization (SVM-PSO) as research tools, firstly, analyze the impact factors on the performance of fresh fruit circulation models in China. On this basis, further studying the factors that affect the fruit growers choose distribution channel, the situation of fresh fruit circulation relationship in China and its'influence factors, inspect the fresh fruit logistic situation in our country, and researches the possibility and necessity of development the third part logistics and should adopt of measure, put forward the concrete method to evaluate and choose the third party logistics providers. Finally, the paper proposed many solutions and suggestions on building fresh fruit circulation model based on supply chain management.
     The three contributions and possible innovations in this paper are:(1) based on supply chain management ideas and concepts, a new studying framework on circulation model has been constructed, that is performance (the performance of existing fresh fruit circulation models)—conduct (fresh fruit growers'choice of circulation channel)—relationship (fresh fruit circulation relationship)—method (fresh fruit logistic model) establish a optimizing performace of circulation model (based on supply chain management ideas and concepts), and propose some suggestions on implement circulation models innovation from three aspects:building fresh fruit distribution channel alliance, formulate fresh fruit circulation relationship based on supply chain cooperation partnership.(2) from special assert investment perspective, establish a framework on special assert investment and income comparative analysis, so as to analyze special assert' action mechanism on fresh growers' choose of circulation channel.(3) evaluation target system is given for evaluation and choose3PLS, proposed a method to choose3PLS based on SVM-PSO, which provide meaningful reference for implement3PLS in fresh fruit circulation.
     Firstly, introduce the studying background and research significance, research objectives, basic concepts involved, basic research methods and technical line of the research.
     Secondly, discuss and comment on fruit supply chain logistic theory busies detaily, for example transaction cost theory, resource-based view and core competence theory, value chain theory, principal-agent theory. Review and comment on supply chain, logistic, supply chain management, logistic management, agricultural products supply chain, agricultural products logistic, agricultural products supply chain management and agricultural products logistic management systematically and comprehensively. Review literatures on organization model of agricultural products supply chain and logistic. And then build up an analytical framework of fresh fruit circulation modes based on supply chain management.
     Thirdly, review literatures on agricultural logistic supply chain performance, investigate the main China fresh fruit circulation models and characteristics. Based on the survey date, analysis China fresh fruit circulation models performacne. The study result shows:there positive influence on fruit growers' fresh fruit circulation models performance are choice the tightness circulation channel, built stable partnership with buyers, improve logistical effectiveness and efficiency, reduce the transaction cost in fresh fruit logistic supply chain and market uncertainty, improve fruit quality, further increase input and expand the planting scale, improve fruit growers education and technical level, specialize production and so on.
     Fourthly, review literatures on agricultural logistic supply chain choice, based on the survey date, empirical analysis fruit growers'fresh fruit circulation channel choice. The study result shows the reasons fruit growers choose circulation channel based on tightness partnership are reducing transaction cost and market risks, higher level of special investment, longer grow history, larger planting scale, higher level of education, single source of income, having less organizational resources and so on. In order to deep analysis assets specificity mechanism of action on fruit growers' choice of fresh logistic supply chain mode, the researcher built investment income analysis model of special investment.
     Fifthly, analyze the theory basis of supply chain partnerships, review literatures on supply chain partnerships, trust, commitment, relational capital, define the core concept of fresh supply chain partnership, trust, commitment and relational capital and so on. Based on the survey date, the researcher empirical study on fruit supply chain relational capital effect factors and the relation between relational capital and cooperation states of fruit supply chain partners. The study result shows trust and commitment of fresh fruit supply chain partners are benefit to improve the relational capital; organizational adaptation of fruit supply chain partners, ability, reputation, the level of special assert of partner, the transfer capital of fruit supply chain have positive correlation on the fruit supply chain relation capital; fruit supply chain relation capital have an obvious accelerating effect over supply chain partner cooperation status.
     Sixthly, review literatures on supply chain logistic methods and the third party logistic, analyze Chain fruit logistic status, discuss the necessity of carrying out the third party logistic in Chain fruit logistic, and put forward an integrated approach for the evaluation and selection of third party logistics providers using SVM-PSO
     Seventhly, analyze the characteristic of fruit supply chain logistic mode in EU, America and East Asia, the successful experience of Zespri, and then summarizes the enlightenment are we should build new type fruit logistic system based on farmers, speed up fruit wholesale markets transformation, constantly improve fruit wholesale markets supporting service facilities and law system construction, continue to push the fruit logistic management and operations in supermarket and catenation, accelerate development effective fruit logistic system.
     Eighthly, summary the front chapters conclusions, put forward some policy implications to contribute to build fruit logistic mode based on supply chain management.
引文
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