电容换相高压直流输电技术及稳定控制策略
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摘要
本文首先介绍电容换相换流技术的研究现状和工程优势,然后从电容换相换流器的数学模型入手分析电容换相换流器的原理。进而在PSCAD软件中搭建了CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC模型,对这两个模型分别进行阶跃响应分析和临界短路比分析,并与传统LCC-HVDC模型的阶跃响应与临界短路比进行对比。通过稳态分析验证这两个新型系统的响应特性符合仿真要求。接下来在PSCAD软件中对联于弱受端交流系统的电容换相换流器进行动态性能分析和安全稳定性研究。本文着重研究CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC的暂态特性及两个新型系统间的对比。
仿真结果表明CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC的稳态特性均优于LCC-HVDC,这是通过对系统的临界短路比分析得出的；电容换相换流系统在联于弱交流系统时,具有较好的抑制换相失败的能力和抗扰动的能力,这主要通过对电容换相换流系统的暂态分析得出；通过CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC的对比分析可以知道,两个系统各有优劣,故障发生的位置会影响换流装置的响应特性和系统的运行特性,当故障位于换流变压器网侧时,CSCC-HVDC的响应特性比CCC-HVDC的响应特性好,而当故障位于变压器阀侧时,CCC-HVDC的响应效果比CSCC-HVDC要好。
Firstly this thesis introduces the research status and engineering advantages of the capacitor commutated technology. Secondly analysis the operational principle of capacitor commutated converter by using mathematical model. Furthermore the two simulation models of CCC-HVDC and CSCC-HVDC are built in the PSCAD software. Research on the step response and critical SCR of these two models respectively, compares the results with the traditional LCC-HVDC model. Through the steady state analysis of these two new HVDC systems to verify their response characteristics meets the simulation requirements. Research on the dynamic performance and stability analysis capacitor commutated converter which connect with the weak AC system. This thesis emphatically discusses the transient features of CCC-HVDC and CSCC-HVDC simulation models, as well as the comparison of these two new models.
The simulation results show that the steady state characteristics of the two new models are better than the LCC-HVDC model, which concluded from the analysis of critical SCR. Through the transient simulation concluded that the capacitor commutated converter can inhibit the commutation failure and disturbance effectively. When compared the CCC-HVDC to CSCC-HVDC, we find that the fault location will affect the model's response characteristics and operation characteristics. While the failure is located near the grid side of the transformers, the response characteristics of CSCC-HVDC are better than CCC-HVDC, while the fault is located near the valve side of transformers, the CCC-HVDC response characteristics are better than CSCC-HVDC.
仿真结果表明CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC的稳态特性均优于LCC-HVDC,这是通过对系统的临界短路比分析得出的；电容换相换流系统在联于弱交流系统时,具有较好的抑制换相失败的能力和抗扰动的能力,这主要通过对电容换相换流系统的暂态分析得出；通过CCC-HVDC与CSCC-HVDC的对比分析可以知道,两个系统各有优劣,故障发生的位置会影响换流装置的响应特性和系统的运行特性,当故障位于换流变压器网侧时,CSCC-HVDC的响应特性比CCC-HVDC的响应特性好,而当故障位于变压器阀侧时,CCC-HVDC的响应效果比CSCC-HVDC要好。
Firstly this thesis introduces the research status and engineering advantages of the capacitor commutated technology. Secondly analysis the operational principle of capacitor commutated converter by using mathematical model. Furthermore the two simulation models of CCC-HVDC and CSCC-HVDC are built in the PSCAD software. Research on the step response and critical SCR of these two models respectively, compares the results with the traditional LCC-HVDC model. Through the steady state analysis of these two new HVDC systems to verify their response characteristics meets the simulation requirements. Research on the dynamic performance and stability analysis capacitor commutated converter which connect with the weak AC system. This thesis emphatically discusses the transient features of CCC-HVDC and CSCC-HVDC simulation models, as well as the comparison of these two new models.
The simulation results show that the steady state characteristics of the two new models are better than the LCC-HVDC model, which concluded from the analysis of critical SCR. Through the transient simulation concluded that the capacitor commutated converter can inhibit the commutation failure and disturbance effectively. When compared the CCC-HVDC to CSCC-HVDC, we find that the fault location will affect the model's response characteristics and operation characteristics. While the failure is located near the grid side of the transformers, the response characteristics of CSCC-HVDC are better than CCC-HVDC, while the fault is located near the valve side of transformers, the CCC-HVDC response characteristics are better than CSCC-HVDC.
引文
[1]赵婉君,谢国恩,曾南超.高压直流输电工程技术[M].中国电力出版社,2011：44-48
[2]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分[M]机械工业出版社,2005
[3]周乐荣.高压直流输电的现状及发展[J].广东电力,1997(5)：1-5
[41]王明新.现代新技术在高压直流输电中的应用[J].国际电力,2003,7(2)：24
[5]田晖.直流输电技术的特点及发展应用[J].山东电力,2003(1)：31-34
[6]袁海燕,梁小冰,庄燕飞.CCC在输电系统在的运行特性分析[J]电气开关,2006,5：13-18
[7]王俊,强迫换相技术对弱受端系统电压稳定影响的研究方法[D].北京：华北电力电学2011
[8]张桂斌,徐政.直流输电技术的新发展[J].中国电力,2000,3(33)：32-35
[9]Karlsson. T.Liss. G. HVDC transmission with extremely long DC cables, Control strategies. IEEE/KTH Stockholm Power Tech Conference, 1995
[10]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(I)：机理与特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3)：55-58
[11]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(II)：无功功率特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：4-8
[12]郭锦艳,文俊.CCC的补偿度对HVDC系统的影响分析[J].现代电力.2005,22(5)：3841
[13]周勤勇,郭强,卜广全等.可控电抗器在我国超/特高压电网中的应[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(7)：1-6
[14]郭毅军.高压流输电系统的现状及发展综述[J].中国西部科技,2008,7(15)：12-14
[15]T. Funaki K. Matsuura. Predictive firing angle calculation for constant effective margin angle control of CCC-HVDC [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.2000,15:1087-1093
[16]方太勋,朱振飞,田杰,等.直流输电系统的动态模拟[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(10)：80-83
[17]杨秀,陈鸿煜,靳希.高压直流输电系统动态恢复特性的仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(9)：11-14
[18]荆勇,欧开健,任震.交流单相故障对高压直流输电换相失败的影响[J].高电压技术,2004,30(3)：60-62
[19]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11)：18-21
[20]宋蕾,文俊,闫金春,等.高压直流输电系统直流滤波器的设计[J].高电压技术,2008,34(4)：746-751
[21]李季,罗隆福,许加柱,等.新型直流输电系统故障恢复特性[J].高电压技术,2007,33(10)：137-141
[22]K.Sadek,M.Pereira,D.P.Brandt,etc. Capacitor Commutated Converter Circuit Configuration for DC Transmission [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1998,4(13):1257-1264
[23]M.Meisingset. Application of Capacitor Commutated Converters in Multi-infeed HVDC-schemes[D].university of Manitoba,2000
[24]F.Busemann. Economic supply of reactive Power for HVDC inverter systems [J] Direct Current.1954,14(6):8-15
[25]M. Stoltz,M. Bahrman,D.Diekinson, B.Abrahamsson. the Rapid City DC Tie. PSCE,2006
[26]J.Reeve, J.A.Baron, GA.Hanley. A technical assessment of artificial commutation of HVDC converters with series capacitors [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.1968,PAS-87:1830-1840
[27]Mike Bahrman, Bernt Abrahamsson, Rapid City reliability.2003
[28]H.Muller, G.Balzer. Analysis of sub-synchronous oscillations at capacitor commutated converters [C].2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003,3
[29]G.Balzer, H.Muller. Capacitor commutated converters for high Power HVDC transmission [C]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission,2001:60-65
[30]项玲,胡敏强,郑建勇.电容换相逆变器换相失败的研究[J].电力自动化设备.2007,27(10)
[31]殷威扬,刘宝宏,马世英,赵良.中俄背靠背换流站直流系统与静止无功补偿器的协调运行[J].电网技术,2007,3(12)
[32]Kalpaktsoglou, V.Pickert. Controlled Series Capacitor Converters Applied to Wave Energy Conversion Buoys - A Simulation Study. Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 4th IET Conference,2008,396-400
[33]Z. Xu. Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems-Part l[J].Power System Technology.1997: 12-13
[34]邵瑶,汤涌,郭小江,周勤勇.2015年特高压规划电网华北和华东地区多馈入直流输电系统的换相失败分析.电网技术,2011,10(35)9-15
[35]吴娜.高压直流输电系统分析与控制初探[D].云南：昆明理工大学,2005
[36]林凌雪,张尧,钟庆,宗秀红.多馈入直流输电系统中换相失败研究综述[J].电网技术,2006,17,(30)：40-46
[37]李兴源.高压直流输电系统[M].科学出版社.2010
[38]李思思,贺兴荣,明志强,等.电容换相换流器在预防高压直流换相失败上的特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,18(39)：88-92,133.
[39]袁海燕,傅正财,井巍,殷宏涛CCC-HVDC的故障恢复特性[J].高电压技术,2009,5(35)：1194-4499
[40]Vijay,K.Sood著,徐政译.高压直流输电与柔性直流输电控制装置—静止换流器在电力系统中的应用[M].2008：86-92
[41]刘志刚,叶斌,梁辉.电力电子学[M].清华大学出版社,2004
[42]Fenyan Yang, Yong chang, Study on Capacitor Commutated Converter applied in HVDC Projects,1-4244-1298-6/07?2007 IEEE
[43]艾飞,李兴源,王晓丽等.交流系统强度与所联直流输电系统换相失败关系研究[J].四川电力技术,2009,3(32)：1-4,35
[44]R.Mohn Mathur,Rajiv K.Varma,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].机械工业出版社,2005：239-273
[45]Dragan Jovcic, G.N.Pillai. Analytical Modeling of可控电容Dynamics[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY,2005,2(10):1097-1104
[46]刘宇虹,吕厚余.可控串联补偿器(可控电容)控制方式综述[J].渝州大学学报,2001,2(18)：94-97
[2]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分[M]机械工业出版社,2005
[3]周乐荣.高压直流输电的现状及发展[J].广东电力,1997(5)：1-5
[41]王明新.现代新技术在高压直流输电中的应用[J].国际电力,2003,7(2)：24
[5]田晖.直流输电技术的特点及发展应用[J].山东电力,2003(1)：31-34
[6]袁海燕,梁小冰,庄燕飞.CCC在输电系统在的运行特性分析[J]电气开关,2006,5：13-18
[7]王俊,强迫换相技术对弱受端系统电压稳定影响的研究方法[D].北京：华北电力电学2011
[8]张桂斌,徐政.直流输电技术的新发展[J].中国电力,2000,3(33)：32-35
[9]Karlsson. T.Liss. G. HVDC transmission with extremely long DC cables, Control strategies. IEEE/KTH Stockholm Power Tech Conference, 1995
[10]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(I)：机理与特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3)：55-58
[11]任震,何畅炜,高明振HVDC系统电容换相换流器特性分析(II)：无功功率特性[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(4)：4-8
[12]郭锦艳,文俊.CCC的补偿度对HVDC系统的影响分析[J].现代电力.2005,22(5)：3841
[13]周勤勇,郭强,卜广全等.可控电抗器在我国超/特高压电网中的应[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(7)：1-6
[14]郭毅军.高压流输电系统的现状及发展综述[J].中国西部科技,2008,7(15)：12-14
[15]T. Funaki K. Matsuura. Predictive firing angle calculation for constant effective margin angle control of CCC-HVDC [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.2000,15:1087-1093
[16]方太勋,朱振飞,田杰,等.直流输电系统的动态模拟[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(10)：80-83
[17]杨秀,陈鸿煜,靳希.高压直流输电系统动态恢复特性的仿真研究[J].高电压技术,2006,32(9)：11-14
[18]荆勇,欧开健,任震.交流单相故障对高压直流输电换相失败的影响[J].高电压技术,2004,30(3)：60-62
[19]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11)：18-21
[20]宋蕾,文俊,闫金春,等.高压直流输电系统直流滤波器的设计[J].高电压技术,2008,34(4)：746-751
[21]李季,罗隆福,许加柱,等.新型直流输电系统故障恢复特性[J].高电压技术,2007,33(10)：137-141
[22]K.Sadek,M.Pereira,D.P.Brandt,etc. Capacitor Commutated Converter Circuit Configuration for DC Transmission [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.1998,4(13):1257-1264
[23]M.Meisingset. Application of Capacitor Commutated Converters in Multi-infeed HVDC-schemes[D].university of Manitoba,2000
[24]F.Busemann. Economic supply of reactive Power for HVDC inverter systems [J] Direct Current.1954,14(6):8-15
[25]M. Stoltz,M. Bahrman,D.Diekinson, B.Abrahamsson. the Rapid City DC Tie. PSCE,2006
[26]J.Reeve, J.A.Baron, GA.Hanley. A technical assessment of artificial commutation of HVDC converters with series capacitors [J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.1968,PAS-87:1830-1840
[27]Mike Bahrman, Bernt Abrahamsson, Rapid City reliability.2003
[28]H.Muller, G.Balzer. Analysis of sub-synchronous oscillations at capacitor commutated converters [C].2003 IEEE Bologna Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003,3
[29]G.Balzer, H.Muller. Capacitor commutated converters for high Power HVDC transmission [C]. Seventh International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission,2001:60-65
[30]项玲,胡敏强,郑建勇.电容换相逆变器换相失败的研究[J].电力自动化设备.2007,27(10)
[31]殷威扬,刘宝宏,马世英,赵良.中俄背靠背换流站直流系统与静止无功补偿器的协调运行[J].电网技术,2007,3(12)
[32]Kalpaktsoglou, V.Pickert. Controlled Series Capacitor Converters Applied to Wave Energy Conversion Buoys - A Simulation Study. Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, 4th IET Conference,2008,396-400
[33]Z. Xu. Characteristics of HVDC connected to weak AC systems-Part l[J].Power System Technology.1997: 12-13
[34]邵瑶,汤涌,郭小江,周勤勇.2015年特高压规划电网华北和华东地区多馈入直流输电系统的换相失败分析.电网技术,2011,10(35)9-15
[35]吴娜.高压直流输电系统分析与控制初探[D].云南：昆明理工大学,2005
[36]林凌雪,张尧,钟庆,宗秀红.多馈入直流输电系统中换相失败研究综述[J].电网技术,2006,17,(30)：40-46
[37]李兴源.高压直流输电系统[M].科学出版社.2010
[38]李思思,贺兴荣,明志强,等.电容换相换流器在预防高压直流换相失败上的特性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,18(39)：88-92,133.
[39]袁海燕,傅正财,井巍,殷宏涛CCC-HVDC的故障恢复特性[J].高电压技术,2009,5(35)：1194-4499
[40]Vijay,K.Sood著,徐政译.高压直流输电与柔性直流输电控制装置—静止换流器在电力系统中的应用[M].2008：86-92
[41]刘志刚,叶斌,梁辉.电力电子学[M].清华大学出版社,2004
[42]Fenyan Yang, Yong chang, Study on Capacitor Commutated Converter applied in HVDC Projects,1-4244-1298-6/07?2007 IEEE
[43]艾飞,李兴源,王晓丽等.交流系统强度与所联直流输电系统换相失败关系研究[J].四川电力技术,2009,3(32)：1-4,35
[44]R.Mohn Mathur,Rajiv K.Varma,徐政译.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置[M].机械工业出版社,2005：239-273
[45]Dragan Jovcic, G.N.Pillai. Analytical Modeling of可控电容Dynamics[J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY,2005,2(10):1097-1104
[46]刘宇虹,吕厚余.可控串联补偿器(可控电容)控制方式综述[J].渝州大学学报,2001,2(18)：94-97