基于ADAMS的油菜收获机清选装置的虚拟设计与试验研究
摘要
本文介绍了国内外关于油菜收获机械的研究动态和发展概况。通过大量试验测定提供了与油菜收获有关的油菜的农艺特性参数、形态参数，油菜脱出物的物理机械特性参数及其各种成份的空气动力特性参数，并将油菜的这些特性与稻麦进行了对比分析。在此基础上分析了清粮室内脱出物在流场中的运动，推导出了脱出物在流场中的运动微分方程，并利用ADAMS软件研究了气流速度大小和方向的变化对脱出物运动状态的影响，依据轻质杂物与籽粒在空气动力特性上的差别合理选择了清选的气流参数。为了考察所选参数的正确性，应用ADAMS软件对脱出物在流场中的运动进行了仿真分析。基于ADAMS软件提出了一种对联合收割机振动筛进行虚拟设计的方法，在ADAMS中建立了振动筛运动的仿真模型，并进行了动态仿真分析，考察了筛面加速度及其方向角的变化规律。选择出了对筛面加速度影响最大的振动筛机构的结构和运动参数，为机构参数优选确定出了设计变量。建立了油菜脱出物在气流吹托和筛面激励联合作用下的运动方程，确定了上行、下行和跃起的判别条件，并利用ADAMS中的优化工具对机构的工作参数进行了优选。依据油菜脱出物的特性合理选择了筛面结构和筛面的组合形式，从理论上分析了确定筛孔直径的方法，选择了筛孔直径，并对上述内容在振动筛试验台上进行了试验验证。
本课题在对油菜及其脱出物各种特性充分研究的基础上，合理地分析了油菜脱出物在气流中和筛面上的运动过程，对影响脱出物运动的各因素进行了分析研究，选择了油菜收获清选装置的各主要工作参数，对于油菜收获机械清选系统的开发与研制具有一定的指导意义。
The research and development situation of cole combine harvester at home and abroad were introduced. Configuration parameters and Agricultural characteristics of cole were measured. Physical mechanism and aerodynamic characteristics of cole cron-straw mixture were measured and analysed. These characteristics of cole were compared with those of paddy and wheat . The movement of cole cron-straw mixture in airstream was analysed . The movement differential equations of all elements of cole cron-straw mixture in airstream were established. Airstream parameters that influenced the movement of cole cron-straw mixture were analysed based on ADAMS. Based on the above analysed and according to the difference in aerodynamic characteristics of some elements of cole cron-straw mixture, airstream parameters that was fit for cleaning cole cron-straw mixture were chosen. A virtual design approach to the vibration sieve of cole combine harvester was put forward based on ADAMS. Realization of process of virtual design were detailed. Model of mechanism of sieve was builded and dynamic simulation and analysis were done with ADAMS. The change of acceleration of sieve was analysed. Some parameters that have great influence on the acceleration of vibration sieve were chosen. In the condition of influence of airstream, motion of cole corn-straw mixture on the sieve was analysed and the movement equations were established .The criterion of up-slip,down-slip and tossing of the materials were formulated. Working parameters of sieve mechanism were optimized with the help of ADAMS. In accordance with characteristics of cole cron-straw mixture, structures of sieves and combination ways of sieve were selected, sieve aperture was selected. The above sections was tested on the vibration sieve test-bed that is designed and manufactured by ourselves. The result of tests was satisfactory.
Based on the understanding of characteristics of cole and its cron-straw mixture, in the study, the movement of cole cron-straw mixture in cleaning shoe were analysed, dominating working parameters of cleaning plant were chosen. It has instructional significance for development and research of cleaning plant of cole combine harvester.
本课题在对油菜及其脱出物各种特性充分研究的基础上，合理地分析了油菜脱出物在气流中和筛面上的运动过程，对影响脱出物运动的各因素进行了分析研究，选择了油菜收获清选装置的各主要工作参数，对于油菜收获机械清选系统的开发与研制具有一定的指导意义。
The research and development situation of cole combine harvester at home and abroad were introduced. Configuration parameters and Agricultural characteristics of cole were measured. Physical mechanism and aerodynamic characteristics of cole cron-straw mixture were measured and analysed. These characteristics of cole were compared with those of paddy and wheat . The movement of cole cron-straw mixture in airstream was analysed . The movement differential equations of all elements of cole cron-straw mixture in airstream were established. Airstream parameters that influenced the movement of cole cron-straw mixture were analysed based on ADAMS. Based on the above analysed and according to the difference in aerodynamic characteristics of some elements of cole cron-straw mixture, airstream parameters that was fit for cleaning cole cron-straw mixture were chosen. A virtual design approach to the vibration sieve of cole combine harvester was put forward based on ADAMS. Realization of process of virtual design were detailed. Model of mechanism of sieve was builded and dynamic simulation and analysis were done with ADAMS. The change of acceleration of sieve was analysed. Some parameters that have great influence on the acceleration of vibration sieve were chosen. In the condition of influence of airstream, motion of cole corn-straw mixture on the sieve was analysed and the movement equations were established .The criterion of up-slip,down-slip and tossing of the materials were formulated. Working parameters of sieve mechanism were optimized with the help of ADAMS. In accordance with characteristics of cole cron-straw mixture, structures of sieves and combination ways of sieve were selected, sieve aperture was selected. The above sections was tested on the vibration sieve test-bed that is designed and manufactured by ourselves. The result of tests was satisfactory.
Based on the understanding of characteristics of cole and its cron-straw mixture, in the study, the movement of cole cron-straw mixture in cleaning shoe were analysed, dominating working parameters of cleaning plant were chosen. It has instructional significance for development and research of cleaning plant of cole combine harvester.
引文
[1] 常柴4IZ—2自走式联合收割机使用说明书．常柴联合收割机有限公司
[2] 常柴4IYZ—2型油菜联合收割机鉴定文件
[3] 孙啸萍，陈新华．油菜收获机械化技术及开发思路．江苏农机与农艺，2001．4
[4] 陆振华．油菜联合收割机推广应用前景．江苏农机与农艺，2000．5
[5] 朱云才．油菜收获机械的探讨．江苏农机与农艺，2000．3
[6] 黎清．油菜机械收获技术．农业机械，2001．4
[7] 晓岩．农作物栽培．北京：解放军出版社，1983
[8] 吴守—主编．农业机械学(下册)．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1987
[9] 赵匀．农业机械计算机辅助分析与设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[10] [波兰]Cz．卡那沃依斯基著．曹崇文等译．收获机械．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1983
[11] [苏]A．B．卢里耶，A．A．格罗姆勃切夫斯基著．袁佳平等译．农业机械的设计和计算．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1983
[12] 张智星．MATLAB程序设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[13] 杨新红．新疆—2联合收割机清选系统的改进．新疆农机化，2000．1
[14] 董国华，杨译．筛面气流的分布状态对清选谷粒混合物的影响．农业机械学报，1982．3
[15] 王泽群，肖林桦等．双风道清选装置的研究．农业机械学报，1988．4
[15] 许玉望．流体力学泵与风机．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[16] 徐华舫．空气动力学基础(上册)．北京：北京航空航天学院出版社，1987
[17] 李建平，赵匀．物料在振动筛面上抛起的计算机模拟和实验研究．农业工程学报，1997．4
[18] [美]E．J豪格．机械系统的计算机辅助运动学和动力学．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
[19] 刘惟信．机械最优化设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[20] 李瑞涛，方湄，张文明，彭龙洲．虚拟样机技术的概念及应用．金属矿山，2000．7
[21] 张旭，毛恩荣．机械系统虚拟样机技术的研究与开发．中国农业大学学报，1999．4
[22] 唐硕，陈士橹，赵建卫．飞行器设计与试验的虚拟样机技术．宇航学报，2000．11
[23] 姬江涛，蔡士梅，师清翔，刘师多．新型谷物联合收割机清选机构的研究设计．农机化研究，1998．2
[24] 成芳．经济型谷物联合收割机风筛式清选装置研究[硕士学位论文]．洛阳工学院，1998
[25] 邓玲黎．摘脱清选装置仿真及试验研究[硕士学位论文]．江苏大学，2002
[26] 李保国．小型稻麦联合收割机脱粒清选装置的研究[硕士学位论文]．江苏工学院，1990
[27] 赵学笃，张学魁，张振京．短茎秆的气动特性及其在气流中的运动．农业机械学报，1982．2
[28] 王庆山．谷粒沿筛面运动研究．农业机械学报，1984．2
[29] 赵学笃，张学魁，张振京．惯性式谷物气流清选装置工作参数得最佳组合．农业机械学报，1984．2
[30] 吴守一，郭永宏．农业物料空气动力特性的研究．农业机械学报，1986．1
[31] 申德超．双风道清选装置试验研究．农业机械学报，1991．4
[32] 萧林桦．在平面筛上清选谷粒混合物工艺的研究．农业机械学报，1964．2
[33] 孙秀芝，程革，程万里．平面往复运动筛面尺寸对筛分性能影响的试验研究．农业机械学报，1991．4
[34] 成芳，杨健明，蔺公振．小型联合收割机风筛史清选装置的理论分析．浙江农业大学学报，1998．3
[35] 程万里，程革，孙秀芝，万积福．筛分机理的研究．农业机械学报，1989．2
[35] 沈达智．气流—振动筛式谷物清选机构设计参数的优化．农业机械学报，1984．3
[36] 侯献伟．关于风力振动清选分离筛的优化设计．农村机械化，2000．6
[37] 王满先．五山牌油菜联合收割机．山东农机，2002．1
[38] 李革，赵匀，愈高红．倾斜气流清选装置中物料的动力学特性、轨迹和分离研究．农业工程学报，2001．6
[39] 王同福，宋玉英，王进朝．气流清选原理在脱粒机上的应用．河北农业大学学报，1997．1
[40] 陈再高．油菜籽的收获与贮藏技术．安徽农业，1998．4
[41] 肖兴华，陈广山，文斌．油菜免耕直播高产栽培技术．江西农机，1999．6
[42] 邢俊文，于魁龙．循环、条件命令在ADAMS下的工程应用实例．美国 MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[43] 李文辉，魏宏，高全均，张云清．ADAMS／SVW项目的开发．美国MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[44] 郭毅之，张峰，陈举华．无钟炉顶溜槽布料仿真．美国 MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[45] 孙一源，高行方，余登苑．农业土壤力学．北京：农业出版社，1985
[46] Joseph Strelow, Bill Bigot. Practical Use of Physical Data in the Virtual Prototype. the 2002 North American ADAMS Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[46] Mike Basset Dr. Richard Pearson, Nigel Fleming, Dipl Ing. Timm Rodemann. An Approach to Model Based Design. the 2002 Norh American ADAMS ：Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[48] Dr. Dittmann. Virtual Prototype Validation via a Virtual and Physical Test Lab. the 2002 North American ADAMS Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[49] Jeffrey G. Dabling. Performing Tolerance Analysis of 3D Assemblies using ADAMS the 2002 North American ADAms Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[50] Tado C.J.M.,Wacker P., Kutzbach H.D., Suministrado D.C. Aerodynamic properties of paddy. International Agricultural Engineerin6 Journal v 8 n 2 1999 AAAE p 91-100 0858-2114 In English
[51] Min, P.I., Kutzbach, H.D. Mathematical modeling of grain separation process over the length of straw walkers. American Society of Agricultural Engineers v 1 Aug 10-14 1997 1997 ASAE 16p 0145-0166 In English
[2] 常柴4IYZ—2型油菜联合收割机鉴定文件
[3] 孙啸萍，陈新华．油菜收获机械化技术及开发思路．江苏农机与农艺，2001．4
[4] 陆振华．油菜联合收割机推广应用前景．江苏农机与农艺，2000．5
[5] 朱云才．油菜收获机械的探讨．江苏农机与农艺，2000．3
[6] 黎清．油菜机械收获技术．农业机械，2001．4
[7] 晓岩．农作物栽培．北京：解放军出版社，1983
[8] 吴守—主编．农业机械学(下册)．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1987
[9] 赵匀．农业机械计算机辅助分析与设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[10] [波兰]Cz．卡那沃依斯基著．曹崇文等译．收获机械．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1983
[11] [苏]A．B．卢里耶，A．A．格罗姆勃切夫斯基著．袁佳平等译．农业机械的设计和计算．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1983
[12] 张智星．MATLAB程序设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[13] 杨新红．新疆—2联合收割机清选系统的改进．新疆农机化，2000．1
[14] 董国华，杨译．筛面气流的分布状态对清选谷粒混合物的影响．农业机械学报，1982．3
[15] 王泽群，肖林桦等．双风道清选装置的研究．农业机械学报，1988．4
[15] 许玉望．流体力学泵与风机．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1995
[16] 徐华舫．空气动力学基础(上册)．北京：北京航空航天学院出版社，1987
[17] 李建平，赵匀．物料在振动筛面上抛起的计算机模拟和实验研究．农业工程学报，1997．4
[18] [美]E．J豪格．机械系统的计算机辅助运动学和动力学．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
[19] 刘惟信．机械最优化设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1994
[20] 李瑞涛，方湄，张文明，彭龙洲．虚拟样机技术的概念及应用．金属矿山，2000．7
[21] 张旭，毛恩荣．机械系统虚拟样机技术的研究与开发．中国农业大学学报，1999．4
[22] 唐硕，陈士橹，赵建卫．飞行器设计与试验的虚拟样机技术．宇航学报，2000．11
[23] 姬江涛，蔡士梅，师清翔，刘师多．新型谷物联合收割机清选机构的研究设计．农机化研究，1998．2
[24] 成芳．经济型谷物联合收割机风筛式清选装置研究[硕士学位论文]．洛阳工学院，1998
[25] 邓玲黎．摘脱清选装置仿真及试验研究[硕士学位论文]．江苏大学，2002
[26] 李保国．小型稻麦联合收割机脱粒清选装置的研究[硕士学位论文]．江苏工学院，1990
[27] 赵学笃，张学魁，张振京．短茎秆的气动特性及其在气流中的运动．农业机械学报，1982．2
[28] 王庆山．谷粒沿筛面运动研究．农业机械学报，1984．2
[29] 赵学笃，张学魁，张振京．惯性式谷物气流清选装置工作参数得最佳组合．农业机械学报，1984．2
[30] 吴守一，郭永宏．农业物料空气动力特性的研究．农业机械学报，1986．1
[31] 申德超．双风道清选装置试验研究．农业机械学报，1991．4
[32] 萧林桦．在平面筛上清选谷粒混合物工艺的研究．农业机械学报，1964．2
[33] 孙秀芝，程革，程万里．平面往复运动筛面尺寸对筛分性能影响的试验研究．农业机械学报，1991．4
[34] 成芳，杨健明，蔺公振．小型联合收割机风筛史清选装置的理论分析．浙江农业大学学报，1998．3
[35] 程万里，程革，孙秀芝，万积福．筛分机理的研究．农业机械学报，1989．2
[35] 沈达智．气流—振动筛式谷物清选机构设计参数的优化．农业机械学报，1984．3
[36] 侯献伟．关于风力振动清选分离筛的优化设计．农村机械化，2000．6
[37] 王满先．五山牌油菜联合收割机．山东农机，2002．1
[38] 李革，赵匀，愈高红．倾斜气流清选装置中物料的动力学特性、轨迹和分离研究．农业工程学报，2001．6
[39] 王同福，宋玉英，王进朝．气流清选原理在脱粒机上的应用．河北农业大学学报，1997．1
[40] 陈再高．油菜籽的收获与贮藏技术．安徽农业，1998．4
[41] 肖兴华，陈广山，文斌．油菜免耕直播高产栽培技术．江西农机，1999．6
[42] 邢俊文，于魁龙．循环、条件命令在ADAMS下的工程应用实例．美国 MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[43] 李文辉，魏宏，高全均，张云清．ADAMS／SVW项目的开发．美国MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[44] 郭毅之，张峰，陈举华．无钟炉顶溜槽布料仿真．美国 MDI(Mechanical Dynamics Inc)公司2001年中国用户年会论文集
[45] 孙一源，高行方，余登苑．农业土壤力学．北京：农业出版社，1985
[46] Joseph Strelow, Bill Bigot. Practical Use of Physical Data in the Virtual Prototype. the 2002 North American ADAMS Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[46] Mike Basset Dr. Richard Pearson, Nigel Fleming, Dipl Ing. Timm Rodemann. An Approach to Model Based Design. the 2002 Norh American ADAMS ：Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[48] Dr. Dittmann. Virtual Prototype Validation via a Virtual and Physical Test Lab. the 2002 North American ADAMS Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[49] Jeffrey G. Dabling. Performing Tolerance Analysis of 3D Assemblies using ADAMS the 2002 North American ADAms Users Conference in Scottsdale, Arizona on May 19-21, 2002
[50] Tado C.J.M.,Wacker P., Kutzbach H.D., Suministrado D.C. Aerodynamic properties of paddy. International Agricultural Engineerin6 Journal v 8 n 2 1999 AAAE p 91-100 0858-2114 In English
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