我国港口节能减排评介指标体系研究
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摘要
港口是交通运输行业的重要组成部分,在节能减排方面具有巨大的空间和潜力,目前我国对港口节能减排绩效的评价还仅仅基于对单位GDP能耗和主要污染物排放总量指标的分别考核,行业内尚未建立一套完整的节能减排评价体系,如何全面、客观、科学地评价各个港口节能减排的绩效,是一个迫切需要解决的问题。
本文首先论述了港口节能减排的理论基础,探讨了其对港口节能减排的指导作用。接下来阐述了生态港口的涵义,并对港口面临的能源环境形势做了深入的分析,指出了我国港口节能减排的必要性和紧迫性。文章重点总结了国内外港口节能减排的现状,并对国内港口的节能减排从建立节能减排标准、港口企业节能减排管理及推行节能减排技术三个方面进行了论述,进而深刻分析了港口现如今存在的问题。综合理论和现状的研究,深刻剖析了港口节能减排的影响因素,它们分为结构性、管理性和技术性因素。
综合以上分析,依据我国政府对节能减排的指导思想,遵循科学性、系统性和可操作性的原则,首次建立了我国港口节能减排评价指标体系。之后,综合运用层次分析法和模糊评价法,构建了层次模糊综合评价模型,对港口评价指标体系进行评价。最后以青岛港为例,进行了实证研究,论证了这套评价指标体系是科学合理、简单易行的,对于上级主管单位考核港口企业的节能减排绩效具有一定的参考价值。
Port is an important part of the transportation industry, which has a huge space and potential to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge. At present,the evaluation of port's energy saving and emission reduction is only based on the result of the energy consumption per GDP and total emissions of major pollutants.The port system has not yet been setted up a perfect evaluation system for energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER) now. So, how to evaluate ESER performance in the way comprehensive, objective, scientific, is an issue which urgently needs to be addressed.
This paper discusses the theoretical basis of energy conservation and emission reduction in port, discusses the energy saving and emission reduction in port. Then expounds the connotation, and ecological ports on the energy environment situation facing port of China port, pointed out the necessity and urgency to energy saving and emission reduction. This paper summarizes the present situation of domestic ports, and energy saving and emission reduction of domestic ports of saving energy saving and emission reduction from the establishment of standard, ports and management of energy conservation and emission reduction in energy saving and emission reduction technology is discussed from three aspects, and the problems existing in the port nowadays. Comprehensive theoretical and status of the study, deeply analyzes the influence factors of energy conservation and emission reduction in port, they divided into structural, managerial and technical factors.
According to the above analysis, the comprehensive Chinese government to energy conservation and emission reduction in guiding ideology, follow the scientific, systematic and operability principles, was established in energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation index system. After using analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and construct a hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and evaluation index system to evaluate port. Finally in Qingdao, for example, an empirical research, demonstrates the evaluation index system is reasonable and easy to supervisor units of energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation port enterprise performance has certain reference value.
本文首先论述了港口节能减排的理论基础,探讨了其对港口节能减排的指导作用。接下来阐述了生态港口的涵义,并对港口面临的能源环境形势做了深入的分析,指出了我国港口节能减排的必要性和紧迫性。文章重点总结了国内外港口节能减排的现状,并对国内港口的节能减排从建立节能减排标准、港口企业节能减排管理及推行节能减排技术三个方面进行了论述,进而深刻分析了港口现如今存在的问题。综合理论和现状的研究,深刻剖析了港口节能减排的影响因素,它们分为结构性、管理性和技术性因素。
综合以上分析,依据我国政府对节能减排的指导思想,遵循科学性、系统性和可操作性的原则,首次建立了我国港口节能减排评价指标体系。之后,综合运用层次分析法和模糊评价法,构建了层次模糊综合评价模型,对港口评价指标体系进行评价。最后以青岛港为例,进行了实证研究,论证了这套评价指标体系是科学合理、简单易行的,对于上级主管单位考核港口企业的节能减排绩效具有一定的参考价值。
Port is an important part of the transportation industry, which has a huge space and potential to save energy, lower energy consumption and reduce pollutants discharge. At present,the evaluation of port's energy saving and emission reduction is only based on the result of the energy consumption per GDP and total emissions of major pollutants.The port system has not yet been setted up a perfect evaluation system for energy-saving and emission reduction(ESER) now. So, how to evaluate ESER performance in the way comprehensive, objective, scientific, is an issue which urgently needs to be addressed.
This paper discusses the theoretical basis of energy conservation and emission reduction in port, discusses the energy saving and emission reduction in port. Then expounds the connotation, and ecological ports on the energy environment situation facing port of China port, pointed out the necessity and urgency to energy saving and emission reduction. This paper summarizes the present situation of domestic ports, and energy saving and emission reduction of domestic ports of saving energy saving and emission reduction from the establishment of standard, ports and management of energy conservation and emission reduction in energy saving and emission reduction technology is discussed from three aspects, and the problems existing in the port nowadays. Comprehensive theoretical and status of the study, deeply analyzes the influence factors of energy conservation and emission reduction in port, they divided into structural, managerial and technical factors.
According to the above analysis, the comprehensive Chinese government to energy conservation and emission reduction in guiding ideology, follow the scientific, systematic and operability principles, was established in energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation index system. After using analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and construct a hierarchical fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and evaluation index system to evaluate port. Finally in Qingdao, for example, an empirical research, demonstrates the evaluation index system is reasonable and easy to supervisor units of energy conservation and emission reduction evaluation port enterprise performance has certain reference value.
引文
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[2]高宏峰.推进节能减排发展现代交通.全国交通运输行业节能减排工作视频会议,北京,2008.
[3]朱成章.客观认识我国节能减排的严峻形势.中外能源,2007,(05)：27-28
[4]E. Paipa、A. Brigden, C.Wooldridge. Guidelines for Port Environmental Management. Report SR 554,1999(11)
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[6]AI. M. Goulielmos. European Policy on Port Environmental Protection. Global Nest.2000. Vol.2, No2
[7]Per H.O. Ison. Handling of waste in ports. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol.29,1994,
[8]Gupta A. K., Rashmi S. Patil. Environmental management plan for ports and harbors projects. Clean Technology Environmental Policy, Vol.7,2005
[9]习江鹏,郗恩崇.交通运输节能减排的本质及经济分析.铁道运输与经济,2009,(2)
[10]郑又新,马韵馨.港口节能减排的措施与建议.集装箱化,2009(8)
[11]彭传圣.港口节能减排与运作和管理要求的协调.港口装卸,2008(5)
[12]包起帆.港口节能降耗新技术研究与实践.上海节能,2008(3)
[13]许家帅,胡明,张亚敏.浅谈我国港口节能减排技术现状及其应用.天津科技,2009,36(4)
[14]彭维德.西部现代港口之路.第五届科技兴港论坛,苏州,2008
[15]刘甲申.山东港航节能减排见成效.港口科技,2008(4)
[16]冯锡荣.节能减排理念为本一建立技术先进、经济合理、操作可行的港口设计、评估方法.第五届科技兴港论坛,苏州,2008
[17]曹斌,蒋学明.空气源热泵在港口的规模化集成应用.港口装卸,2008(5)
[18]胡成彪.浅谈港口集装箱堆高机的节能减排.港口科技,2008(8)
[19]张传凯,吴光宇.港口环境污染与综合治理.黑龙江水利科技,2007,35(2)
[20]E. Peris-Moraa, J. M. Diez Orejasb, A. Subiratsb, S. Ibanezb and P. Alvareza, Development of a system of indicators for sustainable port management[J], Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005 (12), Vol.50, No.12
[21]王彦彭.我国节能减排指标体系研究.煤炭经济研究,2009(02)
[22]李爱军.基于层次分析法的湖北省节能减排综合评价研究.中国系统工程学会第十五届年会,南昌,2008
[23]杨华峰,姜维军.企业节能减排效果综合评价指标体系研究.工业技术经济,2008,27(10)
[24]张砚.“节能减排”监管评价指标体系的设置与度量.安徽节能减排博士科技论坛,安徽,2007
[25]王林,杨新秀.道路运输企业节能减排评价指标体系的构建.武汉理工大学学报,2009,31(4)
[26]张在龙.基于可持续发展的我国道路运输业节能减排研究：(硕士论文).成都：西南交通大学,2009
[27]陈秀波.浙江省道路运输客运业节能减排评价指标体系研究：(硕士论文).西安：长安大学,2008
[28]吕安涛,张存保,石永辉等.山东省港航系统节能减排评价指标体系研究.交通信息与安全,2009,27(6)
[29]凌强.上海绿色港口评价指标体系初步研究.港口科技,2010(1)
[30]张尊华.港航系统节能减排评价方法研究：(硕士论文),武汉：武汉理工大学,2009
[31]李志春金志伟.基于AHP—模糊综合评判的港航系统节能减排的评价研究.船海工程,2009,38(5)
[32]卢志刚,曹良晶.基于综合模糊评估的节能减排研究.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会,长沙,2009
[33]宋马林,杨杰,孙欣.国内各地区节能减排评价研究.资源开发与市场,2008,24(1)
[34]程瑞.一种基于Rough集和Shannon熵理论的节能减排效果评价建模方法的设计.系统仿真技术及其应用学术会议,宜昌,2009
[35]李亮,吴瑞明.节能减排效用分析与评价研究.科学技术与工程,2009,9(1)
[36]张尊华.基于因子分析模型的船舶企业节能减排评价及应用.船海工程,2010,39(1)
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