水泥+PAC处理隧道施工废水技术研究
摘要
隧道具有改善线形、解决高程障碍、缩短里程、减少植被破坏等诸多优势。但在隧道的建设期间,通常只重视施工工艺、技术方案、施工进度等问题,而对隧道施工的环保问题重视力度不够,往往对下游河水水质影响较大,因此研究对隧道施工生产废水的处理,有着重要的意义。
本论文内容为陕西省交通厅课题“山区高速公路隧道施工废水处理工艺研究”的子课题,在课题组前期研究的基础上,进一步研究不同混凝剂及水泥+PAC处理隧道施工废水的效果,通过对实验室试验数据的整理分析和混凝剂、水泥及水泥+PAC作用机理的分析,得出了如下结论：
1.通过采用传统的铝盐、铁盐、聚合铝盐、聚合铁盐、有机高分子混凝剂和水泥处理隧道施工废水,发现水泥与传统混凝剂在去除效果上相比并无明显差距。
2.已有水泥作为助凝剂的研究,表明水泥中含有对混凝效果起促进作用的物质。采用水泥与混凝剂配合处理隧道施工废水,发现几种组合中水泥+PAC组合的效果最明显。
3.以水泥+PAC为絮凝剂,通过搅拌、反应时间和pH值试验研究表明,水泥和PAC的最佳反应条件是沉淀时间为20min,搅拌方式为500r/min, pH值为中性偏碱性。
4.通过水泥+PAC减量化试验得出水泥+PAC的投加量为1g+0.027g时各污染物的去除效果最好,CODcr去除率达到88.04%,硝基苯去除率达到24.79%,石油类去除率为14.54%。水泥的添加可以减少PAC的投药量,节约费用。
5.机理研究表明,水泥+PAC效果好于单用水泥或PAC可能的原因是水泥中的微量成分成为了PAC的助凝剂,促进了混凝过程。
Tunnel can improve the linear, solving the elevation barriers, shorten the mileage, reduce damage to vegetation, and has many other advantages. But in tunnel construction period, usually only value the construction technology, technical scheme, construction schedule and other issues, the environmental problems for tunnel construction are given inadequate attentions. So the influence on the quality of downstream river water is usually larger, therefore the research of the tunnel construction wastewater treatment is very important and significant.
This thesis a subtopic of the shaanxi province communications department project "the study of the wastewater treatment in mountainous area highway tunnel construction," based on the earlier research, further studies are carried out to learn the effect of processing tunnel construction wastewater by using different coagulant and the cement + PAC, through laboratory testing data sorting and analysis the mechanism of coagulants, cement and cement + PAC, reached the following conclusions:
1. By using the traditional aluminium salt and physico-chemical, polyaluminium salt, polyblend physico-chemical, organic polymer flocculant and cement processing tunnel construction, found that cement and traditional wastewater coagulants had no obvious difference in the effect compared.
2. Existing cement as a coagulant research showed the cement may contain something that could contribute to flocculation effect, using cement and coagulants cooperate processing tunnel construction, find that in several combination,the effect of cement + PAC is the most obvious.
3. using cement + PAC as flocculating agent, agitation, reaction time and pH experiment shows that the best reaction condition of cement and PAC is 20min for precipitation,500r/min, with neutral partial alkaline pH.
4. Through the reduce experiment of cement + PAC concluded that when the cast of cement + PAC is 1g + 0.027 g the effect of the pollution removal get best, the removal rate of CODcr is 88.04%, nitrobenzene 24.79%, petroleum 14.54%.by adding cement, could reduce the dosage of PAC, reduce the cost.
5. Mechanism research shows that cement + PAC effect is better than cement or PAC alone. One possible reason is that the micro constituent in the cement became the PAC's coagulant, promoted the coagulation process.
本论文内容为陕西省交通厅课题“山区高速公路隧道施工废水处理工艺研究”的子课题,在课题组前期研究的基础上,进一步研究不同混凝剂及水泥+PAC处理隧道施工废水的效果,通过对实验室试验数据的整理分析和混凝剂、水泥及水泥+PAC作用机理的分析,得出了如下结论：
1.通过采用传统的铝盐、铁盐、聚合铝盐、聚合铁盐、有机高分子混凝剂和水泥处理隧道施工废水,发现水泥与传统混凝剂在去除效果上相比并无明显差距。
2.已有水泥作为助凝剂的研究,表明水泥中含有对混凝效果起促进作用的物质。采用水泥与混凝剂配合处理隧道施工废水,发现几种组合中水泥+PAC组合的效果最明显。
3.以水泥+PAC为絮凝剂,通过搅拌、反应时间和pH值试验研究表明,水泥和PAC的最佳反应条件是沉淀时间为20min,搅拌方式为500r/min, pH值为中性偏碱性。
4.通过水泥+PAC减量化试验得出水泥+PAC的投加量为1g+0.027g时各污染物的去除效果最好,CODcr去除率达到88.04%,硝基苯去除率达到24.79%,石油类去除率为14.54%。水泥的添加可以减少PAC的投药量,节约费用。
5.机理研究表明,水泥+PAC效果好于单用水泥或PAC可能的原因是水泥中的微量成分成为了PAC的助凝剂,促进了混凝过程。
Tunnel can improve the linear, solving the elevation barriers, shorten the mileage, reduce damage to vegetation, and has many other advantages. But in tunnel construction period, usually only value the construction technology, technical scheme, construction schedule and other issues, the environmental problems for tunnel construction are given inadequate attentions. So the influence on the quality of downstream river water is usually larger, therefore the research of the tunnel construction wastewater treatment is very important and significant.
This thesis a subtopic of the shaanxi province communications department project "the study of the wastewater treatment in mountainous area highway tunnel construction," based on the earlier research, further studies are carried out to learn the effect of processing tunnel construction wastewater by using different coagulant and the cement + PAC, through laboratory testing data sorting and analysis the mechanism of coagulants, cement and cement + PAC, reached the following conclusions:
1. By using the traditional aluminium salt and physico-chemical, polyaluminium salt, polyblend physico-chemical, organic polymer flocculant and cement processing tunnel construction, found that cement and traditional wastewater coagulants had no obvious difference in the effect compared.
2. Existing cement as a coagulant research showed the cement may contain something that could contribute to flocculation effect, using cement and coagulants cooperate processing tunnel construction, find that in several combination,the effect of cement + PAC is the most obvious.
3. using cement + PAC as flocculating agent, agitation, reaction time and pH experiment shows that the best reaction condition of cement and PAC is 20min for precipitation,500r/min, with neutral partial alkaline pH.
4. Through the reduce experiment of cement + PAC concluded that when the cast of cement + PAC is 1g + 0.027 g the effect of the pollution removal get best, the removal rate of CODcr is 88.04%, nitrobenzene 24.79%, petroleum 14.54%.by adding cement, could reduce the dosage of PAC, reduce the cost.
5. Mechanism research shows that cement + PAC effect is better than cement or PAC alone. One possible reason is that the micro constituent in the cement became the PAC's coagulant, promoted the coagulation process.
引文
[1]郭锋锋,王卫邦,郑海龙.公路隧道建设发展与施工质量分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2010,(22)：195-196
[2]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道工程技术的现状及展望[J].公路交通技术,1999,(2)：32-41
[3]于采宏,郎咸明,刘峥.微电解法处理氯霉素硝基废水实验研究[J].环境保护科学2002,28(2)：26-291
[4]寇明旭.隧道施工废水对地表水环境的影响[J].山西建筑,2009,35(15)：345
[5]李永明,魏海茹,毛新虎.公路隧道施工阶段的环保问题探讨[J].山西建筑,2004,30(6)：124-5
[6]魏贤坤.秦岭终南山特长隧道施工环境保护对策[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(6)：31-38
[7]刘兰芬,蔡梅珠.北京十三陵抽水蓄能电厂环保设施和措施的有效性分析[J].水电站设计2000；16(3)：99-103
[8]杨斌,蒋红梅,吴东国,莫萍.公路隧道施工废水处理工艺探讨[J].公路交通技术,2008,(6)：162-164
[9]任毅,胡壮志杨幸.公路隧道工程中的环保问题及对策[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2)：365-368
[10]桂浩尧.公路施工废水污染控制研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[11]张雯水.泥混凝法处理公路隧道施工废水研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[12]杨文领.公路建设项目环境监理体系研究[D].西安：长安大学,2005
[13]林志鹏污水处理技术与展望[J].海峡科学2008,(11)：41-44
[14]胡为柏.浮选：修订版[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1992：10
[15]Miller J D,Calara J V. Floatation (A. M. Gaudin Memorial Volume) [M]:Vol.1. New York:AIME,1976
[16]Heimenz P C. Principle of Colloid and Surface Chemistry [M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,1977
[17]王淀佐,胡岳华.浮选溶液化学[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1998
[18]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[19]徐晓军.化学絮凝剂作用原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[20]Black A P and Chen C.Electrophoretic studies of coagulation and flocculation of river sediment suspensions with aluminum sulfate[J].JAWWA,1965,57(3):354
[23]张焯,混凝在污水深度处理的应用,天津市政工程,2001,13(3)：26～27
[24]李燕城,水处理试验技术[M].北京中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[25]刘晓东.城市生活垃圾为生填埋渗滤液预处理研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[26]石宇.强化混凝技术处理低温低浊水试验研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2006
[27]郑怀礼,龙腾锐,舒型武.聚合铁类絮凝剂絮凝作用机理分析[J].重庆环境科学.2000,22(5)：51-53
[28]林波,张志强,杨育星.聚合铝中Alb含量的影响因素研究[J].南昌大学学报工科版,2004,26(4)：36-38
[29]Dentel S K. App lication of the p recip itation-charge.neutralization model of coation[J]. J Envirn Sci Technol,1988,22 (7):825.
[30]许保玖,龙腾锐.当代给水与废水处理原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000
[31]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[32]湛含辉,钟乐,韦小利.聚丙烯酞胺絮凝机理及流体力化学因素的研究[J].选煤技术,2007,(1)：7-11
[33]隋同波,文寨军,王晶.水泥品种与性能[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006,12
[34]Skalny J,Young J F.波特兰水泥水化的机理[A].第七届国际水泥水化会议论文集[C].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985：169-214
[35]曹文聪,杨树森.普通硅酸盐工艺学[M].武汉：武汉工业,大学出版社,1996
[36]张宏伟.浅析水泥矿物的水化原理[J].科技咨询导报,2007,02
[37]徐国想,阮复昌.铁系和铝系无机絮凝剂的性能分析[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(3)：52-5
[38]阮复昌,莫炳禄,徐国想.铁系净水剂混凝过程的计算机模铁系净水剂混凝过程的计算机模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,1997,13(4)：413-8
[39]Fiessinger F. Techniques et Sciences Municipales,1976 (4):476-487.
[40]高宝玉,艾子萍,于慧,等PACS的形态及电导特性研究[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(3)：301-307.
[41]胡勇有,王占生,汤鸿霄.Al(Ⅲ)2磷酸盐溶液的水解-沉淀特性研究—磷酸根的作用[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(2)：137-143.
[42]高宝玉,于慧,岳钦艳等PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究[J].环境化学,1994,13(2)：113-118.
[43]汤鸿霄.无机高分子絮凝剂的研究趋向[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(2)：1-4.
[2]蒋树屏.我国公路隧道工程技术的现状及展望[J].公路交通技术,1999,(2)：32-41
[3]于采宏,郎咸明,刘峥.微电解法处理氯霉素硝基废水实验研究[J].环境保护科学2002,28(2)：26-291
[4]寇明旭.隧道施工废水对地表水环境的影响[J].山西建筑,2009,35(15)：345
[5]李永明,魏海茹,毛新虎.公路隧道施工阶段的环保问题探讨[J].山西建筑,2004,30(6)：124-5
[6]魏贤坤.秦岭终南山特长隧道施工环境保护对策[J].现代隧道技术,2003,40(6)：31-38
[7]刘兰芬,蔡梅珠.北京十三陵抽水蓄能电厂环保设施和措施的有效性分析[J].水电站设计2000；16(3)：99-103
[8]杨斌,蒋红梅,吴东国,莫萍.公路隧道施工废水处理工艺探讨[J].公路交通技术,2008,(6)：162-164
[9]任毅,胡壮志杨幸.公路隧道工程中的环保问题及对策[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2)：365-368
[10]桂浩尧.公路施工废水污染控制研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[11]张雯水.泥混凝法处理公路隧道施工废水研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[12]杨文领.公路建设项目环境监理体系研究[D].西安：长安大学,2005
[13]林志鹏污水处理技术与展望[J].海峡科学2008,(11)：41-44
[14]胡为柏.浮选：修订版[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1992：10
[15]Miller J D,Calara J V. Floatation (A. M. Gaudin Memorial Volume) [M]:Vol.1. New York:AIME,1976
[16]Heimenz P C. Principle of Colloid and Surface Chemistry [M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,1977
[17]王淀佐,胡岳华.浮选溶液化学[M].长沙：湖南科学技术出版社,1998
[18]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[19]徐晓军.化学絮凝剂作用原理[M].北京：科学出版社,2005
[20]Black A P and Chen C.Electrophoretic studies of coagulation and flocculation of river sediment suspensions with aluminum sulfate[J].JAWWA,1965,57(3):354
[23]张焯,混凝在污水深度处理的应用,天津市政工程,2001,13(3)：26～27
[24]李燕城,水处理试验技术[M].北京中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[25]刘晓东.城市生活垃圾为生填埋渗滤液预处理研究[D].西安：长安大学,2006
[26]石宇.强化混凝技术处理低温低浊水试验研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文,2006
[27]郑怀礼,龙腾锐,舒型武.聚合铁类絮凝剂絮凝作用机理分析[J].重庆环境科学.2000,22(5)：51-53
[28]林波,张志强,杨育星.聚合铝中Alb含量的影响因素研究[J].南昌大学学报工科版,2004,26(4)：36-38
[29]Dentel S K. App lication of the p recip itation-charge.neutralization model of coation[J]. J Envirn Sci Technol,1988,22 (7):825.
[30]许保玖,龙腾锐.当代给水与废水处理原理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000
[31]常青.水处理絮凝学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003
[32]湛含辉,钟乐,韦小利.聚丙烯酞胺絮凝机理及流体力化学因素的研究[J].选煤技术,2007,(1)：7-11
[33]隋同波,文寨军,王晶.水泥品种与性能[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006,12
[34]Skalny J,Young J F.波特兰水泥水化的机理[A].第七届国际水泥水化会议论文集[C].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1985：169-214
[35]曹文聪,杨树森.普通硅酸盐工艺学[M].武汉：武汉工业,大学出版社,1996
[36]张宏伟.浅析水泥矿物的水化原理[J].科技咨询导报,2007,02
[37]徐国想,阮复昌.铁系和铝系无机絮凝剂的性能分析[J].重庆环境科学,2001,23(3)：52-5
[38]阮复昌,莫炳禄,徐国想.铁系净水剂混凝过程的计算机模铁系净水剂混凝过程的计算机模拟.化学反应工程与工艺,1997,13(4)：413-8
[39]Fiessinger F. Techniques et Sciences Municipales,1976 (4):476-487.
[40]高宝玉,艾子萍,于慧,等PACS的形态及电导特性研究[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(3)：301-307.
[41]胡勇有,王占生,汤鸿霄.Al(Ⅲ)2磷酸盐溶液的水解-沉淀特性研究—磷酸根的作用[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(2)：137-143.
[42]高宝玉,于慧,岳钦艳等PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究[J].环境化学,1994,13(2)：113-118.
[43]汤鸿霄.无机高分子絮凝剂的研究趋向[J].中国给水排水,1999,15(2)：1-4.